The article outlines theoretical developments in the field of stigmatization. The stages of development of stigmatization are given: selection and «marking» of the person which differs from conditional norm; assigning it negative qualities in accordance with the existing in this culture ideas about certain features; assigning it to a certain «category» that opposes society and further reducing the social status of this person. Attention is paid to the process of self-stigmatization – a person's awareness of the presence of a certain feature that distinguishes him from the majority, assimilation and application of myths about his «otherness», with further distancing from potential stigmatizers. This leads to a decrease in social status, self-esteem, which in turn increases stigma.
Two separate surveys were conducted; one among the general population, and the other about the peculiarities of the stigmatization of stigmatized minorities' own stigma was studied during a survey of LGBT and HIV activists. The total sample was 687, of whom 493 were the general population and 194 were members of stigmatized minorities. The display of stigmatization was investigated due to the prevalence of cyberbullying using different media channels. In total, 71 % of respondents were victims of cyberbullying (from isolated cases (49 %) to persistent harassment (4 %). The most common victims of cyberbullying are men, and among activists – HIV activists. Activists often face such acts of cyberbullying as insults in comments to news and on Twitter, threats on Facebook, intimidation on forums. Only 20 % of cyberbullying victims turned to various institutions to stop harassment.
The article is devoted to the analysis of media influence on social mass consciousness. Based on foreign and national scientific heritage author describes three fundamental degrees of media impact, that provide quenching the desires of members of the mass society. Research aims to show that distortion of reality in the minds of masses through the media is the consequence human choice. Density and continuity of modern communications is quite clearly shows us the trend of rapid increase in the value of timely information received. Within these realities, the communicative impact of the media is the qualitatively new phenomenon that needs proper scientific analysis and deeper understanding. As a result, quite topical scientific analysis of media influence on awareness of the average Ukrainian social reality in which it exists. The working hypothesis of our study is the assumption on which the perception of reality thoughts final recipient of the outlets are dictated operated based media owners, but is a response to the unconscious desire of recipients to participate in events without the active participation in it. Thinking the reality of the stories, articles and news, there is one member communication without the need to enter into its essence and without active intervention in the collective understanding of the events. Yet today it is a necessity without which it is difficult to imagine everyday life of the consumer media. Therefore, it is important to realize that the media can not cover completely unbiased information to us, and thus they give knowledge about reality can not be absolute. Curiosity as a way to "review" of interest ignores the essence of things guided only displays events that cause the desired emotional response. It is this aspect and leads the way coverage in the media: attempts as closely as possible to satisfy the curiosity of the recipient. When you enable the TV to see the political talk show on Sunday evening the consumer sees before him all the same recurring conflict equivalent of politicians who end the sense of completely changing her political beliefs. At the moment of contemplation verbal confrontation passive viewer becomes a participant interviews ranked one of the parties sometimes even voicing their experiences to the TV. Enabling people to experience the events happening on screen and the main recipe for success rating talk shows. However, entry into the essence of the political position of the ruling or opposition is under a merely secondary. Banner communication in this case is, first and foremost, as an emotional communication. The crowd faced in everyday life as a way of condemning the objectification of the Other, apply judgment in relation to what he saw without a specific cognitive goal. Censuring politicians on TV convince man himself that he can not be deceived, because the deception was exposed it is implicit in the state. Therefore condemnation audience is the main emotional to political talk shows. Impact of media on the minds of the recipients is a certain structure, which can be roughly divided into three levels: sequence information, symbolic, symbolic and emotional pathos. Thus, in the small study we have demonstrated the great importance of understanding the influence of media on everyday human reality in which it exists. Based on the works of Bourdieu, Bryant, Thompson, Baudrillard, Dobrosklonskа, Kozlov proved a key role in reforming the media all the cultural activities of mankind. Intervention Journalism in the public interest priority schedule based on elevated heteronym of individual spiritual sphere of society that enjoys the actual popularity and commercial demand. It was pointed out that the dependence of the individual on the media as a source of news and information continually increases and becomes the climax in times of general crisis and instability. Painting the world in the mind of modern man is almost entirely formed of the media, and thus responsible for the products of mass culture is largely lies on journalism. We have identified three major structural levels of media influence on public consciousness recipients: sequence information, semantic- and symbolic-emotional pathos. Consistently, the level of information associated with selective temporal resolution media to enter the sequence coverage, which creates a special pre-and post- attitude to just heard. In addition, the result of alternating blocks of information are unconscious construction of various events and information to uniqueness. On the other hand semantic-symbolic level is characterized with the leading media in shaping the mythology of mass society. However, due to the selection of the structure of media messages key equivalent character in the subconscious recipient is time dissonance between the real thing and what is happening on the screen. As a result, personal experience of the events at the time of watching the news, that sense of witness without active contemplation. Pathetic emotional level of exposure associated with the inclusion of external events in personal moral values and experiences of the viewer. Transfer its interest to a higher level of passion – feelings and emotions, including fear, mercy, compassion, anger and others. We analyzed the communicative content of online media, demonstrating the need for a reliable means of verification of electronic network material. In the course of our work confirmed the working hypothesis of the study: to provide the means of mass media information about reality based on immediate needs and desires of the mass subconscious mind, which consumes those foods culture. ; Статья посвящена научному анализу влияния СМИ на массовое общественное сознание. Основываясь на иностранном и отечественном наследии, автор описывает три фундаментальных уровня медийного воздействия, обеспечивающих утоление желаний членов массового общества. Исследование призвано показать, что ис- кажение реальности в сознании масс есть следствие выбора человека. Структурно выделено три основных уровня влияния СМИ на массовое сознание реципиентов: последовательно-информационный, знаково-символический и пафосно-эмоциональный. Проанализировано коммуникативное наполнение интернет-медиа и продемонстрированы необходимость создания надежного средства верификации электронно-сетевого материала. Подтверждена рабочая гипотеза исследования: предоставление средствами СМИ информации о реальности осуществляется на основе непосредственных потребностей и подсознательных желаний самого массового сознания, которое потребляет соответствующие продукты культуры. ; Стаття присвячена науковому аналізу впливу мас-медіа на масову суспільну свідомість. Ба- зуючись на іноземній та вітчизняній спадщині, автор описує три фундаментальних рівні медійного впливу, які забезпечують втамування бажань членів масового суспільства. Дослідження покликано показати, що спотворення реальності в свідомості мас є наслідком людського вибору. Структурно виділено три основних рівні впливу мас-медіа на масову свідомість реципієнтів: послідовно-інформаційний, знаково-символічний та пафосно-емоційний. Проаналізовано комунікативне наповнення інтернет-медіа та продемонстровано необхідність створення надійного засобу верифікації електронно-мережевого матеріалу. Підтверджено робоча гіпотеза дослідження: надан- ня засобами мас-медіа інформації про реальність здійснюється на основі безпосередніх потреб та підсвідомих бажань самої масової свідомості, що споживає відповідні продукти культури
During the 2019 election campaign in Ukraine, one of the candidates successfully used the serial and political show. The purpose of the article is to describe the use of the serial and political show in the election campaign, to find out the reasons for the successful use of these new forms of political media communication. The study applied the method of social and psychological justification of electoral behavior under the influence of non-traditional forms of political media communication. The theoretical basis of the study is the theories of cognitive dissonance and cognitive congruence, social perception and causal attribution, as well as the socio-communication model of the «spiral of silence». It is established that the success of the serial and political show in the election campaign is due to a number of factors: the presence of social expectations in society, a paradigm shift, social cognitive dissonance. It is found out that with the help of the TV serial the image of V. Zelensky as a successful and democratic president was formed in the voters' minds, as well as the idea of a majority opinion was artificially created. With the help of a political show in which V. Zelensky acted as president and other political figures, the audience was convinced that his election victory was irreversible. He has become a well-known person among the population thanks to the popular serials and films that are broadcast on the television channel, which is the leader among the population in ratings and trust. This data confirms the long-term impact of television and impact of media linked to political parties on the election results. The results of the article can be used in planning political campaigns and in further studies of the influence of the media on voter behavior.Key words: applied communication technologies, elections, media, television, political technologies, media psychology. ; Під час передвиборчої кампанії 2019 р. в Україні одним з кандидатів було успішно використано серіал та політичне шоу. Мета статті – ...
The erosion of media trust raises concerns about the ways in which the conduit of political information could undermine citizens' trust in democracy. While a large body of research in western democracies shows that media trust is contingent on specific media-system, political and cultural factors pertaining to national contexts, little is known about the sources of media trust in the new democracies from Central and Eastern Europe. Based on statistical analyses of public opinion surveys, this research tests if levels of trust in various traditional (television, radio, written press) and alternative mediums (Internet and online social networks) are differentiated along political party lines and depending on media consumption patterns in post-communist Romania. The results reveal a stronger association between trust in political parties and trust in traditional mediums, while trust in online media is more strongly linked to consumption patterns. These findings have practical, theoretical and normative implications for the functioning of democracy in post-communist societies.
Regional media is an important segment of the socio-communicative model of the information space of Ukraine, which clearly identifies the vectors of ethnically and culturally identified journalism, works hard to preserve historical memory, national consciousness and civic activity of society. Their study is especially relevant in the period of modern socio-political changes associated with the development of democratization, decentralization and local self-government, which will make new adjustments to the typology, content and functions of local media. Currently, there is a growing scholars interest to the problems of regional journalism, but the culturological and axiological aspects of their study are still insufficiently investigated. This explains the choice of the research object, which were the regional media reviews, reflected in the memoirs and publicistics of the famous Ukrainian writer and public figure Oles Honchar. Recourse to such methods as content analysis, historical, systemic, biographical, axiological, statistical, made it possible to carry out a multifaceted interpretation of journalistic assessments by the writer of the spiritual potential of regional and district newspapers, through which to cover certain periods of Ukrainian journalism development of the twentieth century and reveal the writer's personal involvement in its history. Oles Honchar cooperation with the mass media lasted for more than sixty years. It was widely disclosed in his diary entries, epistolary and journalistic works of various genres. The writer's connections with the regional press are reproduced in chronological order, starting from the 1930s, the journalistic activity of young Oles Honchar in district and regional newspapers in Poltava and Kharkiv regions and ending with observations of an already experienced publicist and master of the word on the activities of local media during the years of independent Ukraine. An analysis of the congratulation-letters texts addressed to local newspapers and magazines offices ...
The article discusses the impact of mass communication on the formation of public opinion on migration movements in Europe in 2018 among the citizens of the host country. A number of patterns of shaping society's attitude towards migrants were identified, as well as the reasons for the incitement of hatred towards immigrants. The content of articles of American and European news media was also analyzed. Thematic areas in which the media present migrants are most often identified. This choice of editions is explained by the purpose of identifying the general trends and differences between information resources, the target audience of which is the population of different countries – the USA, the UK and European countries in general. The media reflects the processes taking place within and around society. Results contain the context in which a journalist poses a particular problem of great importance for the subsequent perception. The humanistic orientation of European Union policy has become the basis for the creation of programs that provide benefits for refugees, contribute to improving their living conditions, and facilitate the process of crossing borders to save them from the above factors. This is why we have taken into account the period of the 2018 migration crisis. The analysis revealed thematic areas in which the mass media most often present displaced people, which testifies to the general concepts in which society views the problem of migration adaptation. Mass media is not only an indicator of the society response to immigration movements, but also shapes consumers` opinion on information regarding migrants.
The role of social media (social networks) in international relations is analyzed. The international relations as the main contributor to the world information space are singled out. Definitions of the main concepts characterizing the use of Internet technologies in the foreign policy activity of the state are given: foreign policy activity of the state, foreign policy behavior of the state, communication in the system of international relations or foreign policy communication of the state. The study used a set of general and special methods: the method of conceptual analysis in determining the basic characteristics of socio-political communication, comparative analysis, functional analysis (functions of foreign policy communication and activities). Social media and the Internet are turning into a new reality, where the main actors are states. The political image of the state is directly proportional to the image in the social media. The popularity of the state, diplomatic institutions depends on the openness of society and the advancement in social networks.
The purpose of the study is to find out whether / how the journalistic standards differ in peacetime and during military operations.Research methodology. The matter under discussion is the system of ethical and legal aspects in the framework of information and communication activities under conditions of war. In light of the fact that the Ukrainian academic community has not yet seriously been involved in studying coverage of modern military conflicts, this article focuses on the author's own observations that were initiated in the international multi-authored monograph «The role of technology in the socio-economic development of the post-quarantine world» (Katowice, Poland) last year, as well as results of current discussions at the top-rated media platforms, analysis of special issue material and current legislation. The article is based on analysis and synthesis to verify information and make conclusions, comparison and description to correlate different levels of data and other scientific methods with the help of which we start discussions about journalistic standards, evaluate the level of coverage of events in the Donbas region; we think about where journalism ends and propaganda, disclosure of top-secret information and hate language begin; we enter into polemics about vulnerable groups of population and ways to incite interethnic hatred and conflicts.Results. As it turned out, Ukrainian journalists have to distance themselves from events and clearly distinguish all communication traps. According to the traditions of the Ukrainian journalistic community and current legislation, all media professionals involved in the war in eastern Ukraine should thoroughly check all the facts, trust only expert sources, they do not have to believe their own and someone else's emotions, to use hate language and to incite interethnic hatred and conflicts. One has also to keep in mind that a journalist's civic-mindedness is a serious violation of international standards.Novelty. In the result, we come to the conclusion that ...
The article aims to outline the transformation in the functioning of modern democracy as a form of government, to explore the influence of modern media on the mechanisms of its implementation. The issue is raised about the preservation of its fundamental principles during the information revolution (primarily in the media sphere) and changes in the forms and methods of communication of people during political interaction. The model of "monitoring democracy" was chosen as the theoretical and conceptual basis for considering these processes, which is based on the "idea of a monitoring citizen" and which is caused by rapid growth of various extra-parliamentary (non-representative) mechanisms of government. Among them, the most important for us is the rapid development of media instruments, namely social networks. The imperative of elections, political parties and parliamentary life, typical for representative democracy over the last two centuries of the history of civilization, is now far behind the capacity of other actors of public life to influence the political decisions of citizens. The author also points to the fact that technology companies, which have concentrated both information − microtargeting supply of information based on psychological profiling, and business activities, demonstrate a new phenomenon, which is assessed by citizens as the most competent and ethical center of gravity and trust. At the same time, governments, independent public institutions and traditional media are perceived as less effective and ethical. Such a concentration of information and corporate influence in one actor (a small group of technology companies) is a new challenge for democracy. Respectively, basic principles that ensure its functioning as the most successful form of government, namely − election and control of power, protection of human rights, participation of citizens in political life and governance, rule of law and accountability of government agencies, prevention of usurpation of power – nowadays experience theoretical rethinking, and are embodied in new political practices. In addition, they (foundations of democracy) are torpedoed by negative phenomena of the period of transformation and political turbulence, among which populism in all its manifestations is the most threatening. ; Стаття ставить за мету окреслити перетворення у функціонуванні сучасної демократії як форми правління, дослідити вплив сучасних медіа на механізми її втілення. Оцінюється завдання щодо збереження її основоположних принципів у період інформаційної революції (перш за все у медіасфері) та змін форм і способів комунікування громадян у перебігу політичної взаємодії. Теоретико-концептуальною основою для розгляду вказаних процесів обрано модель "моніторної демократії", в основі якої лежить "idea of the monitorial citizen" і яка обумовлена швидким зростанням різноманітних позапарламентських (позапредставницьких) механізмів контролю влади. Серед них для нас найважливішим є швидкий розвиток медійних інструментів, а саме − соціальних мереж. Імператив виборів, політичних партій та парламентського життя, типових для представницької демократії протягом останніх двох століть історії цивілізації, нині поступається потенціалу інших суб'єктів суспільного життя впливати на політичні рішення громадян. Також автор вказує на ту обставину, що технологічні компанії, які сконцентрували в собі як інформаційну − мікротаргетоване постачання інформації на основі психологічного профайлінгу, − так і бізнес-діяльність, демонструють новий феномен, який оцінюється громадянами як найбільш компетентний та етичний центр тяжіння і довіри. Водночас уряди, незалежні громадські інституції та традиційні медіа сприймаються як менш компетентні та етичні. Така концентрація в одному суб'єкті (невелика група технологічних компаній) інформаційного та корпоративного впливу є новим викликом для демократії. Відповідно, базові принципи, що забезпечують її функціонування як найбільш успішної форми правління, а саме: виборність і контроль влади, захист прав людини, участь громадян у політичному житті та управлінні, верховенство права та підзвітність владних установ, запобігання узурпації владних повноважень − сьогодні зазнають теоретичного переосмислення, втілюються у нових політичних практиках. Крім того, вони (засади демократії) торпедовані негативними явищами періоду трансформації та політичної турбулентності, серед яких найбільш загрозливим є популізм в усіх його проявах.
The article aims to outline the transformation in the functioning of modern democracy as a form of government, to explore the influence of modern media on the mechanisms of its implementation. The issue is raised about the preservation of its fundamental principles during the information revolution (primarily in the media sphere) and changes in the forms and methods of communication of people during political interaction. The model of "monitoring democracy" was chosen as the theoretical and conceptual basis for considering these processes, which is based on the "idea of a monitoring citizen" and which is caused by rapid growth of various extra-parliamentary (non-representative) mechanisms of government. Among them, the most important for us is the rapid development of media instruments, namely social networks. The imperative of elections, political parties and parliamentary life, typical for representative democracy over the last two centuries of the history of civilization, is now far behind the capacity of other actors of public life to influence the political decisions of citizens. The author also points to the fact that technology companies, which have concentrated both information − microtargeting supply of information based on psychological profiling, and business activities, demonstrate a new phenomenon, which is assessed by citizens as the most competent and ethical center of gravity and trust. At the same time, governments, independent public institutions and traditional media are perceived as less effective and ethical. Such a concentration of information and corporate influence in one actor (a small group of technology companies) is a new challenge for democracy. Respectively, basic principles that ensure its functioning as the most successful form of government, namely − election and control of power, protection of human rights, participation of citizens in political life and governance, rule of law and accountability of government agencies, prevention of usurpation of power – nowadays experience theoretical rethinking, and are embodied in new political practices. In addition, they (foundations of democracy) are torpedoed by negative phenomena of the period of transformation and political turbulence, among which populism in all its manifestations is the most threatening. ; Стаття ставить за мету окреслити перетворення у функціонуванні сучасної демократії як форми правління, дослідити вплив сучасних медіа на механізми її втілення. Оцінюється завдання щодо збереження її основоположних принципів у період інформаційної революції (перш за все у медіасфері) та змін форм і способів комунікування громадян у перебігу політичної взаємодії. Теоретико-концептуальною основою для розгляду вказаних процесів обрано модель "моніторної демократії", в основі якої лежить "idea of the monitorial citizen" і яка обумовлена швидким зростанням різноманітних позапарламентських (позапредставницьких) механізмів контролю влади. Серед них для нас найважливішим є швидкий розвиток медійних інструментів, а саме − соціальних мереж. Імператив виборів, політичних партій та парламентського життя, типових для представницької демократії протягом останніх двох століть історії цивілізації, нині поступається потенціалу інших суб'єктів суспільного життя впливати на політичні рішення громадян. Також автор вказує на ту обставину, що технологічні компанії, які сконцентрували в собі як інформаційну − мікротаргетоване постачання інформації на основі психологічного профайлінгу, − так і бізнес-діяльність, демонструють новий феномен, який оцінюється громадянами як найбільш компетентний та етичний центр тяжіння і довіри. Водночас уряди, незалежні громадські інституції та традиційні медіа сприймаються як менш компетентні та етичні. Така концентрація в одному суб'єкті (невелика група технологічних компаній) інформаційного та корпоративного впливу є новим викликом для демократії. Відповідно, базові принципи, що забезпечують її функціонування як найбільш успішної форми правління, а саме: виборність і контроль влади, захист прав людини, участь громадян у політичному житті та управлінні, верховенство права та підзвітність владних установ, запобігання узурпації владних повноважень − сьогодні зазнають теоретичного переосмислення, втілюються у нових політичних практиках. Крім того, вони (засади демократії) торпедовані негативними явищами періоду трансформації та політичної турбулентності, серед яких найбільш загрозливим є популізм в усіх його проявах.
The article is devoted to the actual problem of print media reforming, in particular the definition of its perspectives and trends. The article highlights re-registration processes results of Ukrainian state and public print media and publication editions. Consequently, enforcement of the Bill's provisions of Ukraine "On the Reform of State and Public Print Media" was considered. The process of print media denationalization has been investigated and analyzed, factors that hinder and impede print publications reformation, declared as reform objects are found out. In particular, it is noted that there is a reluctance to carry out re-registration by labor collectives, in which exists the fear of a future existence without founders' financial support, provided by the state or local budget, as well as conflicts that arise on the basis of property/premises handover by owners to editorials that were previously there. It is found that one of the main problems is the careless and irresponsible work of "Ukrposhta" postal workers, in particular postman, namely delivery delay of some editions for at least two weeks, or even, for several months, slows down the success of Ukrainian print media. The statistical analysis of editions reforming has been carried out during the two years of reform — from January 1, 2016 to December 18, 2018. The leaders of denationalization, who have re-registered more than 50 percent of the reform objects specified in the "List of Reform Objects" approved by the State Committee for Television and Radio Broadcasting, have been identified. The article presents results in the chronological order, that were presented by the State Committee for Television and Radio Broadcasting, the Center for Democracy and Rule of Law, and in particular organizations that monitor print media reform results. The latest results are presented as at 18 December, 2018 — two weeks before the reform formal completion — January 1, 2019.
