Suchergebnisse

The master thesis reveals the analysis of defamation in social media platforms. It aims to determine what legal problems arise or might arise when protecting a harmed reputation in social media platforms. First, the concept and definition of defamation followed by the concept of social media are described. Further in the analysis, the main factors to ensure the proper balance between the freedom of expression and the persons' right to reputation in social media are taken into consideration. Furthermore, the peculiarities of defamation in social media are reviewed. The thesis analyses aspects that are unclear and most of the time not provided in the Lithuanian legal framework, such as, the legal status of social media accounts holders, opinion and statement classification, "share" and other specific information legal evaluation (eg. "like" concept) in the light of legal doctrine, the case-law of European Court of Human Rights and courts of foreign countries. Moreover, the thesis provides complicated aspects of an individual who shall be responsible for creating defamatory content on social media with a particular focus on anonymous content and possible solutions to certain problems. In the final part of the master thesis, the remedies that shall be invoked in the event of defamation in social media are revised according to the evaluation of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.

The master thesis reveals the analysis of defamation in social media platforms. It aims to determine what legal problems arise or might arise when protecting a harmed reputation in social media platforms. First, the concept and definition of defamation followed by the concept of social media are described. Further in the analysis, the main factors to ensure the proper balance between the freedom of expression and the persons' right to reputation in social media are taken into consideration. Furthermore, the peculiarities of defamation in social media are reviewed. The thesis analyses aspects that are unclear and most of the time not provided in the Lithuanian legal framework, such as, the legal status of social media accounts holders, opinion and statement classification, "share" and other specific information legal evaluation (eg. "like" concept) in the light of legal doctrine, the case-law of European Court of Human Rights and courts of foreign countries. Moreover, the thesis provides complicated aspects of an individual who shall be responsible for creating defamatory content on social media with a particular focus on anonymous content and possible solutions to certain problems. In the final part of the master thesis, the remedies that shall be invoked in the event of defamation in social media are revised according to the evaluation of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.

The master thesis reveals the analysis of defamation in social media platforms. It aims to determine what legal problems arise or might arise when protecting a harmed reputation in social media platforms. First, the concept and definition of defamation followed by the concept of social media are described. Further in the analysis, the main factors to ensure the proper balance between the freedom of expression and the persons' right to reputation in social media are taken into consideration. Furthermore, the peculiarities of defamation in social media are reviewed. The thesis analyses aspects that are unclear and most of the time not provided in the Lithuanian legal framework, such as, the legal status of social media accounts holders, opinion and statement classification, "share" and other specific information legal evaluation (eg. "like" concept) in the light of legal doctrine, the case-law of European Court of Human Rights and courts of foreign countries. Moreover, the thesis provides complicated aspects of an individual who shall be responsible for creating defamatory content on social media with a particular focus on anonymous content and possible solutions to certain problems. In the final part of the master thesis, the remedies that shall be invoked in the event of defamation in social media are revised according to the evaluation of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.

The master thesis reveals the analysis of defamation in social media platforms. It aims to determine what legal problems arise or might arise when protecting a harmed reputation in social media platforms. First, the concept and definition of defamation followed by the concept of social media are described. Further in the analysis, the main factors to ensure the proper balance between the freedom of expression and the persons' right to reputation in social media are taken into consideration. Furthermore, the peculiarities of defamation in social media are reviewed. The thesis analyses aspects that are unclear and most of the time not provided in the Lithuanian legal framework, such as, the legal status of social media accounts holders, opinion and statement classification, "share" and other specific information legal evaluation (eg. "like" concept) in the light of legal doctrine, the case-law of European Court of Human Rights and courts of foreign countries. Moreover, the thesis provides complicated aspects of an individual who shall be responsible for creating defamatory content on social media with a particular focus on anonymous content and possible solutions to certain problems. In the final part of the master thesis, the remedies that shall be invoked in the event of defamation in social media are revised according to the evaluation of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.

The subject-matter of the social work master's thesis is relevant to the present day, because despite enacted political determinations and legal documents, declaring social integration, participation and parity as one of the main priorities in disability policy, there still are some psychosocial barriers, stereotypes and images based disabled understanding, evaluation and treatment in society, regarding to what social involvement of disabled people is still problematic. After the data examination showed that social images and stereotypes in Lithuanian media were researched only briefly, that raised the aim of the master's thesis to reveal what kind of images and stereotypes are presented in biggest Lithuanian newspapers. There were three major tasks to reach the goal: gather articles about disability in four biggest Lithuanian newspapers; perform quantitative and qualitative content analysis of gathered articles; reveal the main characteristics of disability representation in media. The research part of the thesis was based on qualitative research type – media analysis, gathered data analysis was performed using quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Research of disability images and stereotypes was accomplished in 2009 January – 2010 May period, during this time four biggest Lithuanian newspapers (Lietuvos rytas, Lietuvos žinios, Vakaro žinios, Respublika) were reviewed and provided 136 articles about disability for further analysis. Research results revealed that disability in newspapers is pictured ambiguously and even controversially, because representing disability social and clinical models interlace. Disability images and stereotypes are multidimensional and ambiguous, based on clinical model's attitudes and negative representations of disabled people, herewith social model's ideas about disabled people abilities, parity, social integration and involvement. The final master's project's structure: introduction, key words dictionary, 3 chapters, conclusions, recommendations, literature list, summary in Lithuanian and English.

The subject-matter of the social work master's thesis is relevant to the present day, because despite enacted political determinations and legal documents, declaring social integration, participation and parity as one of the main priorities in disability policy, there still are some psychosocial barriers, stereotypes and images based disabled understanding, evaluation and treatment in society, regarding to what social involvement of disabled people is still problematic. After the data examination showed that social images and stereotypes in Lithuanian media were researched only briefly, that raised the aim of the master's thesis to reveal what kind of images and stereotypes are presented in biggest Lithuanian newspapers. There were three major tasks to reach the goal: gather articles about disability in four biggest Lithuanian newspapers; perform quantitative and qualitative content analysis of gathered articles; reveal the main characteristics of disability representation in media. The research part of the thesis was based on qualitative research type – media analysis, gathered data analysis was performed using quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Research of disability images and stereotypes was accomplished in 2009 January – 2010 May period, during this time four biggest Lithuanian newspapers (Lietuvos rytas, Lietuvos žinios, Vakaro žinios, Respublika) were reviewed and provided 136 articles about disability for further analysis. Research results revealed that disability in newspapers is pictured ambiguously and even controversially, because representing disability social and clinical models interlace. Disability images and stereotypes are multidimensional and ambiguous, based on clinical model's attitudes and negative representations of disabled people, herewith social model's ideas about disabled people abilities, parity, social integration and involvement. The final master's project's structure: introduction, key words dictionary, 3 chapters, conclusions, recommendations, literature list, summary in Lithuanian and English.

Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Polish media system at a crossroads : media in politics, politics in media

Communication with media is very important in nowadays world: if media doesn't inform about activities of organizations or institutions we can say that there is no media. NGO organizations, business companies, state institutions communicate with media in different forms (press conferences, statements to the press). Literature sources state that communication with media is one of the braches of science. One of the main principals of the communication with media is good communication and one of the functions is to inform. Media can be used as means of forming image (both negative and positive). The paper presents connections between image specialists and journalists, because these two professions have a lot in common and often get mixed up. The paper also describes the understanding of communication on Government, public and local authority level. The objective of this work is to analyze how communication with media is maintained in Lithuanian municipalities. To achieve the objective we have these goals: 1) according to theoretic literature to find out what is media, define its concept, compare communication with media in state and NGO, to describe differences and similarities between media and public communication; 2 )to carry out a survey on the Internet and find out in how communication with media specialists in municipalities communicate with media, what are the functions and activities of these specialists; 3) after a structural interview make a conclusion if local authorities have to communicate with media and what ways of communication are effective; 4) connecting analysis of theoretical literature and qualitative / quantitative research draw a conclusion and give recommendations what communication with media should be done in municipalities. The work gives analysis, synthesis and comparison of scientific literature; comparison and induction methods were used. In order to analyze a case if communication with media is used in Lithuanian municipalities a combination of two methods was used: method of probability selection; quantitative research on the Internet survey and qualitative research carrying out an expert interview. The research showed that communication with media is considered as the whole of some means which help to convey the information to public. Lithuanian institutions communicate with media and in some municipalities this communication is a priority. Municipalities mostly send statements to the press, organize press conferences. Specialists responsible for communication with media or a person delegated by the Director of Administration make statements to the press. It became clear after the expert interview that municipalities have to communicate with media; the situation, the size of the municipality, the importance of the news help to choose the way of communication.

Communication with media is very important in nowadays world: if media doesn't inform about activities of organizations or institutions we can say that there is no media. NGO organizations, business companies, state institutions communicate with media in different forms (press conferences, statements to the press). Literature sources state that communication with media is one of the braches of science. One of the main principals of the communication with media is good communication and one of the functions is to inform. Media can be used as means of forming image (both negative and positive). The paper presents connections between image specialists and journalists, because these two professions have a lot in common and often get mixed up. The paper also describes the understanding of communication on Government, public and local authority level. The objective of this work is to analyze how communication with media is maintained in Lithuanian municipalities. To achieve the objective we have these goals: 1) according to theoretic literature to find out what is media, define its concept, compare communication with media in state and NGO, to describe differences and similarities between media and public communication; 2 )to carry out a survey on the Internet and find out in how communication with media specialists in municipalities communicate with media, what are the functions and activities of these specialists; 3) after a structural interview make a conclusion if local authorities have to communicate with media and what ways of communication are effective; 4) connecting analysis of theoretical literature and qualitative / quantitative research draw a conclusion and give recommendations what communication with media should be done in municipalities. The work gives analysis, synthesis and comparison of scientific literature; comparison and induction methods were used. In order to analyze a case if communication with media is used in Lithuanian municipalities a combination of two methods was used: method of probability selection; quantitative research on the Internet survey and qualitative research carrying out an expert interview. The research showed that communication with media is considered as the whole of some means which help to convey the information to public. Lithuanian institutions communicate with media and in some municipalities this communication is a priority. Municipalities mostly send statements to the press, organize press conferences. Specialists responsible for communication with media or a person delegated by the Director of Administration make statements to the press. It became clear after the expert interview that municipalities have to communicate with media; the situation, the size of the municipality, the importance of the news help to choose the way of communication.

The spread of Internet and the development of electronic mass media have made a significant impact on traditional mass media means. The circulation of newspapers and broadcast media ratings have been falling down. As a result, mass media journalists and researchers have started searching for ways for traditional mass media to retain its audience. They all have come to conclusion that readers, viewers and listeners should be involved into the formation of the mass media content. However, this is possible to happen only if journalists and editors devote more attention to the audience's feedback – the reflection of the public agenda. The object of this work is an overview of Lithuanian newspapers of the last three years. The goal of this work is to investigate the reflection of the audience's feedback in the Lithuanian mass media. The tasks of this work are: to distinguish direct and indirect feedback, to analyze positive and negative feedback's impact to mass media content; to explain the impact of public agenda; to analyze the conditions for a two-way communication model in the mass media; to expose the feedback as a competitive advantage; to research the content of two Lithuanian newspapers to estimate the effectiveness of feedback in Lithuanian mass media. The research findings have revealed that Lithuanian newspapers use several means of feedback. However, the latter is not published on the daily basis. Furthermore, different sources of feedback were discovered in the newspapers. Feedback was coming from mass media audience, various political institutions and media regulation organizations. In addition, it was discovered that newspapers use feedback not only to investigate the needs of audience or to generate ideas for new topics. Feedback is also used to endorse editors' point of view and is a back-up of an open criticism. Finally, the research has also demonstrated that feedback is rarely used to form the content of newspapers. Consequently, there are no favorable conditions for a two-way communication model in the Lithuanian mass media. Today's Lithuanian mass media, being apathetic to the public interest, unwilling to search for new opportunities to improve media quality, and lacking differentiating outlooks, demonstrates that feedback does not play a major role in the Lithuanian newspapers.

The spread of Internet and the development of electronic mass media have made a significant impact on traditional mass media means. The circulation of newspapers and broadcast media ratings have been falling down. As a result, mass media journalists and researchers have started searching for ways for traditional mass media to retain its audience. They all have come to conclusion that readers, viewers and listeners should be involved into the formation of the mass media content. However, this is possible to happen only if journalists and editors devote more attention to the audience's feedback – the reflection of the public agenda. The object of this work is an overview of Lithuanian newspapers of the last three years. The goal of this work is to investigate the reflection of the audience's feedback in the Lithuanian mass media. The tasks of this work are: to distinguish direct and indirect feedback, to analyze positive and negative feedback's impact to mass media content; to explain the impact of public agenda; to analyze the conditions for a two-way communication model in the mass media; to expose the feedback as a competitive advantage; to research the content of two Lithuanian newspapers to estimate the effectiveness of feedback in Lithuanian mass media. The research findings have revealed that Lithuanian newspapers use several means of feedback. However, the latter is not published on the daily basis. Furthermore, different sources of feedback were discovered in the newspapers. Feedback was coming from mass media audience, various political institutions and media regulation organizations. In addition, it was discovered that newspapers use feedback not only to investigate the needs of audience or to generate ideas for new topics. Feedback is also used to endorse editors' point of view and is a back-up of an open criticism. Finally, the research has also demonstrated that feedback is rarely used to form the content of newspapers. Consequently, there are no favorable conditions for a two-way communication model in the Lithuanian mass media. Today's Lithuanian mass media, being apathetic to the public interest, unwilling to search for new opportunities to improve media quality, and lacking differentiating outlooks, demonstrates that feedback does not play a major role in the Lithuanian newspapers.