Suchergebnisse

The eagerly-awaited second volume of The Cambridge Translations of Medieval Philosophical Texts will allow scholars and students access for the first time in English to major texts in ethics and political thought from one of the most fruitful periods of speculation and analysis in the history of western thought. Beginning with Albert the Great, who introduced the Latin west to the challenging moral philosophy and natural science of Aristotle, and concluding with the first substantial presentation in English of the revolutionary ideas on property and political power of John Wyclif, the seventeen texts in this anthology offer late medieval treatments of fundamental issues in human conduct that are both conceptually subtle and of direct practical import. Special features of this volume include copious editorial introductions, an analytical index, and suggestions for further reading. This is an important resource for scholars and students of medieval philosophy, history, political science, theology and literature

This book describes Socrates as he was depicted in medieval Arabic literature. The body of anecdotes, sayings and evaluations of Socrates existent in Arabic literature leads one to search for an explanation for the popularity of this ancient, Greek, pagan philosopher. The author argues that Socrates played a role of legitimizing authority in the religious controversies between Christians and Muslims on the one hand and between the more rationalistic minded Muslims and the more traditionalistic ones on the other hand. Thus, three approaches are encountered: those belonging to the non-fundamentalistic stream in Islam refer to Socrates as a prophet, historians such as ibn Fātik or ibn Abī Usaib'ah, who relate to Socrates as an exemplary personality with tacit Islamic qualities. The third approach is that of orthodox writers such as al-Ghazālī who attack Socrates as a non-believer

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- PART ONE THE NATURE OF POLITICAL AUTHORITY -- 1 THE PROBLEM OF POLITICAL AUTHORITY -- The Divine Authority Theory -- Natural Subordination -- Authority from the Good -- Consent-Based Theories of Authority -- Further Rending -- Notes -- 2 MODERN SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORIES -- Ancient and Medieval Contractarian Ideas -- Hobbes -- Problems with Hobbes's Alienation Social Contract Argument -- Locke -- Problems with Locke's Agency Social Contract Argument -- Further Reading -- Notes -- 3 CONSENT AND DEMOCRACY -- Why Do We Need a State? -- Political Authority -- The Governing Convention -- Agency and Mastery -- Consent -- Political Authority -- Solving the Paradox of Being Governed -- Modern Democracies -- Summary and Further Questions -- Further Reading -- Notes -- PART TWO THE EXTENT OF JUST POLITICAL AUTHORITY -- 4 DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE -- Utilitarianism -- Rawls's Theory of justice -- Libertarianism -- Egalitarianism -- Are We Too Late? -- Further Reading -- Notes -- 5 LIBERALISM, COMMUNITARIANISM, AND POSTLIBERAL THEORY -- Liberalism -- Communitarianism -- The Liberals Strike Back -- The Attempt to Construct a New "Postliberal" Political Theory -- Further Reading -- Notes -- 6 CITIZENSHIP, NATIONALISM, AND CULTURE -- Two Conceptions of Belonging -- Immigration, Nationalism, and Social Identity -- Liberalism and Community -- Multiculturalism -- Secession in Consent-Based States -- Further Reading -- Notes -- EPILOGUE -- Bibliography -- About the Book and Author -- Index