Suchergebnisse

This book presents in translation writings by six medieval philosophers which bear on the subject of conscience. Conscience, which can be considered both as a topic in the philosophy of mind and a topic in ethics, has been unduly neglected in modern philosophy, where a prevailing belief in the autonomy of ethics leaves it no natural place. It was, however, a standard subject for a treatise in medieval philosophy. Three introductory translations here, from Jerome, Augustine and Peter Lombard, present the loci classici on which subsequent discussions drew; there follows the first complete treatise on conscience, by Philip the Chancellor, while the two remaining translations, from Bonaventure and Aquinas, have been chosen as outstanding examples of the two main approaches which crystallised during the thirteenth century

Oxford Studies in Medieval Philosophy showcases the best new scholarly work on philosophy from the end of antiquity into the Renaissance. OSMP combines historical scholarship with philosophical acuteness, and will be an essential resource for anyone working in the area.

Frontmatter -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- Part I: Plato and Aristotle -- Human Nature and Legal Norms: Antiphon the Sophist as Anonymous Target in Plato's Republic IX -- Natural Born Philosophers -- Normative Naturalism in Aristotle's Political Philosophy? -- Whose State? Whose Nature? How Aristotle's Polis is 'Natural' -- Aristotle on Freedom, Nature, and Law -- Aristotle on the Rationality of Women: Consequences for Virtue and Practical Accountability -- Part II: Hellenistic Philosophy -- Cynic Origins of the Stoic Doctrine of Natural Law? -- The Normativity of Nature in Epicurean Ethics and Politics -- Nature and Psychology in Cicero's Republic -- Unnatural Law: A Ciceronian Perspective -- Natural Law and Casuistic Reasoning in Roman Jurisprudence -- Part III: Late Antiquity -- Human Nature and Normativity in Plotinus -- On Justice in Porphyry's On Abstinence -- Early Christian Philosophers on Society and Political Norms -- Part IV: Medieval Philosophy -- Against Nature: Two Critics of Naturalism in the Islamic World -- "Like Ants in a Colony We Do Our Share": Political Animals in Medieval Philosophy -- Ockham on Human Freedom and the Nature and Origin of Lordship -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects

Preliminary considerations -- Practical wisdom in the moral theory of Aristotle -- The moral theories of William of Auxerre and Philip the Chancellor -- The earliest medieval Latin commentaries on the Nicomachean Ethics -- The early moral works of Albert the Great -- Happiness, prudence, and moral reasoning in the later works of Albert the Great -- Thomas Aquinas and Bonaventure on the understanding of moral goodness -- Two commentaries on the Nicomachean Ethics in the late thirteenth century

"The origin of transcendental thought is not to be sought in Kant's philosophy but is a medieval achievement. This book provides for the first time a complete history of the doctrine of the transcendentals, from its beginning in the "Summa de bono" of Philip the Chancellor (ca. 1225) up to its most extensive systematic account in the "Metaphysical Disputations" of Francisco Suárez (1597). The book also shows the importance of the doctrine for the understanding of philosophy in the Middle Ages. Metaphysics is called "First Philosophy", not because it deals with the first, divine being, but because it treats that which is first in a cognitive sense, the transcendental concepts of "being", "one", "true" and "good"."--Publisher's website.

Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1 Historical Setting -- 2 Authors and Sources -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Contents in Brief -- 5 How to Use This Study? -- 6 A Note about Translations -- 1 Terminology -- 1 Basic Terminology: Political, Conjugal, and Domestic -- 2 Political or Social Animal? -- 3 Later Developments -- 2 Needs, Desires, and Natural Inclinations -- 1 Preservation of Oneself and the Species -- 2 Inclination and the Body That Makes Us Social -- 3 Reflections on Mirrors of Princes -- 4 Instrumental Role of the Community -- 5 Cities and beyond -- 3 Good Life, Virtue, and Human Sociability -- 1 Good Life and Virtue -- 2 Aims of Individuals and the Community -- 3 Social Role, Prudence, and Virtue -- 4 Is Practical Happiness for Everyone? Virtue and Prudence of Citizens -- 5 Prudence of Slaves (and Women) -- 6 Craftsman qua Craftsman qua Human -- 7 Happiness and Morality -- 4 Reason and Language -- 1 Naturalness of Language -- 2 Language and Justice -- 3 Creating Communities -- 4 Purpose of the Linguistic Argument -- 5 The Social and Political Nature of Animals -- 1 The Ant, the Bee, and the Crane -- 2 Forget the Bee: Truncating the Linguistic Argument -- 3 No Animal Is Political -- 6 Beasts, Gods, and Human Beings -- 1 Part/Whole Metaphysics -- 2 Solitary Humans -- 3 What Is It Like to Be a God? -- 4 Ways of Being Wild -- 5 The Normative Scale: Above and below Beasts -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- Bibliography -- Index.