Suchergebnisse

The article considers the formation of small and medium business in South Korea and its role in economic development, as well as importance in promoting the export of domestic goods. Particular attention is paid to the role of Government in supporting and encouraging small business. The country has formed an innovative small business, which brought the economy to a new level of development and raised its authority abroad. Some features of the development of small and medium business in South Korea can be useful for Uzbekistan in the course of modernization of the country and the formation of an innovative economy.

The paper presents the research of current small and medium-sized business development in Sverdlovsk region. It includes analysis of enterprise development statistics, Russian and international experience, sociological survey of entrepreneurs' satisfaction of doing business conditions in Sverdlovsk region. The aim of the research was to develop proposals for business support system development in the long run for inclusion in the SME Development Strategy in Sverdlovsk region up to 2030. As a result, a set of strategic SME development directions was formulated. It includes measures aimed at business problems solving through the development of SME support tools and at addressing institutional problems of business support. The paper includes proposals for improvement of regional support system and implementation the priority SME development direction. © 2015 The Journal of Economic Theory.

Considering that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in the economy of country and taking into account the changes in the modern world economy, we investigated the problem of increasing the SMEs' contribution into national economy by using new opportunities of business environment . The problem can be solved through the participation of SMEs in the links of the global value chain with high added value. However, it is necessary to find new instruments for SMEs' support. The study is aimed at discovering relevant SMEs support tools focused on increasing the added value. The research is based on content and comparative analysis of the European Union and China experience using the material from the European Commission reports, national programs of European countries and China. The research terminology and analysis algorithm were refined. The set of new tools of SMEs support is presented in the context of groups and national characteristics. In European countries non-financial tools dominate among state support forms. They include creating special niches for small enterprises in the global value chain and giving SMEs access to the national supply base. In China non-state support forms dominate with a larger share of financial tools, including the provision of resources by participants of the value chains within regional integration associations, by financial units of large companies. The research results are addressed to the representatives of SMEs, large companies, public authorities. © 2019 Institute of Economics Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All Rights Reserved. ; Статья подготовлена в рамках международного проекта № GA AA/9/2018 (Grant Agency of the Academic Alliance — Czech Republic) «Comparative Methodology and it Application by Examining the Specific International Business Environment (Case study of China)» ; Th e article has been prepared within the international project № GA AA/9/2018 (Grant Agency of the Academic Alliance — Czech Republic) «Comparative Methodology and it Application by Examining the Specific International Business Environment (Case study of China)».

The article aims to analyze national programs of the USA, the United Kingdom and Israel that support applied research conducted by small and medium-sized businesses. The author analyzes program management systems; sources of funding for the programs; approaches to the selection of thematic areas that receive funding; project evaluation and selection procedures; performance indicators of the projects supported under the programs. The two types of programs that aimed to support innovative small and medium-sized enterprises have been identiied. In the US and the UK, program management is decentralized, projects are funded entirely by the government, program funds can be awarded to thematic areas both on a "top-down" or "bottom-up" basis, a program is typically composed of three phases, though at the last phase (commercialization of the product) the government provides only administrative support rather than inancial assistance. In Israel, program management is centralized; the government ofers only partial funding for research projects, they have to be co-funded by private sector; grants are awarded on a non-competitive basis; one of the main indicators of the program eiciency are royalties, which company is obligated to pay when a government-assisted R&D project results in a commercially successful product. Comparative analysis of these programs has led the author to the conclusion that it is possible to learn from the both types of programs how to improve the management systems of programs that support applied research in Russia.

The paper presents authors assessment of the state and development of research in statistical inquiry and analysis of innovation activity of small and medium-sized business. Detailed analysis of innovation activity of small and medium-sized business in Novosibirsk and Novosibirsk Region for the past few years is given. Main issues of statistical inquiry of innovation activity are defined. Official data of Federal service of government statistics and its territorial bodies is used as data base. ; В работе представлена авторская оценка состояния и развития исследований в области статистического наблюдения и анализа инновационной деятельности малого и среднего предпринимательства; дан подробный анализ инновационной деятельности малого и среднего бизнеса Новосибирска и Новосибирской области за последние несколько лет; обозначены основные проблемы статистического наблюдения инновационной деятельности; в качестве информационной базы использованы официальные данные федеральной службы государственной статистики и ее территориальных органов.

The purpose of the article is to explain the approach to politics as a nonlinear medium. Existing models do not take into account the dynamic and multifactorial processes occuring in politics. World politics displays dialectical synergistic properties. It is formed by singular, conflicting, subjective awareness products. Patterns can be discerned in the events, facts, situations. On this basis, the preconditions of nonlinear modeling necessary for the political prognosis are laid down.Keywords: politics, nonlinear medium, modeling, event, situation, fact ; Цель статьи – обосновать подход к политике как к нелинейной среде. Существующие модели не учитывают динамичных и многофакторных процессов, происходящих в ней. Мир политики проявляет диалектико-синергетические свойства. Он образован сингулярными, конфликтными, субъективными продуктами сознания. В событиях, фактах, ситуациях прослеживаются закономерности. На этой основе закладываются предпосылки нелинейного моделирования, необходимого для политического прогноза.Ключевые слова: политика, нелинейная среда, моделирование, событие, ситуация, факт.

The article presents indings from the research funded by the RFH grant «Development of voucher schemes to support innovative projects of small business». It provides an analysis of the legal status of micro, small, medium enterprises in the context of Russian legislation, considers the legal deinition of the «voucher», as well as a need and an opportunity to use innovation voucher as a tool to promote small and medium-sized enterprises. The positive experience of applying an innovative voucher abroad gives grounds to believe that this tool can be successfully applied in the Russian practice to promote small and medium enterprises. However, replication of foreign experience in the absence of the analysis of possibility of adaptation of this instrument may entail the adoption of normative legal acts, which do not conform to the objective reality and, as a consequence, have no practical value and regulating forces. Based on the analysis performed, we can conclude that the innovation voucher has good prospects for effective application in the practice of stimulation of innovative activity in Russia.

The article discusses the innovative potential of small and medium-sized business, and finds the lack thereof. The article also discusses the systematic limitations of innovative entrepreneurship, and substantiates the increasing governmental influence on implementation of institutional measures and development of effective innovative systems using the Triple Helix Model. ; В статье анализируется инновационный потенциал предприятий малого и среднего бизнеса (МСБ). Аргументируется вывод о недостаточном инновационном потенциале предприятий МСБ и системных ограничениях развития инновационного предпринимательства. Обосновывается положение об усилении роли государства в принятии мер институционального характера и построении эффективной инновационной системы на основе модели тройной спирали.

The main aim of the study is to elaborate the assessment methodology for studying the tourist attractiveness of cities. The assessment procedures were tested for small and medium cities of the Perm region. The cities were assessed according to 8 criteria and 30 indicators. According to the results of calculations, four groups of cities with different indices of tourist attractiveness were identified. The group of the highest tourism attractiveness included the cities of Kungur, Solikamsk, Tchaikovsky and Osa. These are mainly cities that have preserved a rich cultural and natural heritage; over the past two decades there is a systematic approach in making managerial decisions to create a friendly environment. The second group includes the cities of Kudymkar, Nytva, Lysva, Ocher, Cherdyn, Dobryanka and Krasnokamsk. The cities have less attractors of tourist flows. The exception is Cherdyn, which has a high density of cultural heritage, but lags behind in the formation of a service environment. The cities of the group have a high potential, but the increase in tourist attractiveness will depend on the diversification and intensification of the industrial and non-industrial spheres. The third group includes the cities of Gubakha, Chusovoy, Chernushka, Usolye, Krasnovishersk and Vereshchagino. Most of the cities are well-recognizable, due to their location near significant tourist landmarks. To increase the attractiveness of the city centers it is necessary to ensure their closer connection with the surrounding dominants in order to achieve a synergy effect. The fourth group included the cities of Chermoz, Okhansk, Kizel, Aleksandrovsk, Gornozavodsk and Gremyachinsk. The group brings together the cities with the highest share of the lowest performance scores. Their further development requires the formation of a touristfrien

Вступление. Статья посвящается рассмотрению государственного регулирования предпринимательской деятельности в условиях глобализационных процессов, новым формам государственного регулирования предпринимательской деятельности в развитых странах (ЕС, США, Япония), в том числе государственно-частному партнерству. В условиях макроэкономической нестабильности одной из проблем является эффективное распределение ответственности и рисков между государственным и частным секторами экономики. На современном этапе развития Украина находится в стадии формирования новой модели государственного управления. В связи с этим актуальным остается изучение государственного регулирования малого и среднего бизнеса в развитых странах в условиях глобализации. Целью статьи является изучение опыта государственного регулирования малого и среднего бизнеса в развитых странах и в Украине в условиях глобализации. Метод (методология): Работа основывается на методологии институционализма, а также на применении различных методов научного познания, а именно, эмпирического и диалектического методов для анализа государственного регулирования малого и среднего бизнеса в условиях глобализации, методов исторического, сравнительного и причинно-следственного анализа для определения системы мер по минимизации рисков между государственным и частным секторами экономики. Теоретической базой исследования являются труды классиков экономической теории, работы отечественных исследователей в сфере государственного регулирования бизнеса в условиях глобализационных процессов. Результаты: Реализация государственной политики, обеспечивающей благоприятные условия для развития малого и среднего бизнеса, требует усовершенствования правовой, финансовой и институциональной системы, эффективное функционирование которой предполагает постоянное взаимодействие и координацию деятельности всех ее элементов при минимальном дублировании функций, ориентацию как на общие цели социально-экономической политики государства, так и на интересы субъектов малого предпринимательства. Характерно большое разнообразие вариантов, используемых при формировании системы государственной поддержки малого предпринимательства с учетом особенностей государственного и политического устройства, направлений экономического развития, традиций регулирования и самоорганизации предпринимательской деятельности, состояние бюджетной и кредитно-финансовой системы, а также множества других факторов. В связи с этим прямое перенесение на украинскую экономику американской, немецкой или любой другой модели государственной поддержки малого и среднего бизнеса не представляется возможным. В то же время исследование организационных структур и механизмов поддержки малого и среднего бизнеса в других странах позволяет выявить общие черты, которые имеются в каждой из них, несмотря на те или иные национальные особенности. Они могут быть использованы при формировании системы поддержки и развития сектора малого и среднего бизнеса в Украине. ; Introduction. The article is devoted to the government regulation of entrepreneurship under the conditions of globalization. The new forms of entrepreneurship regulation in developed countries (such as EU, USA, Japan), including public-private partnerships are analyzed. It is stressed that in macroeconomic instability context the problem of efficient allocation of responsibilities and risks between the public and private sectors is one of the most urgent. Since nowadays Ukraine is forming a new model of governance, the study of state regulation of small and medium businesses under globalization remains relevant. The purpose of the article is a study of experience of state regulation of small and medium enterprises in developed countries and in Ukraine within the context of globalization. Methodology of work. The work is based on the methodology of institutionalism, as well as on the use of different scientific methods, namely, the empirical and dialectical methods for the analysis of government regulation of small and medium-sized businesses in the context of globalization. The methods of historical, comparative and causal analysis are also applied to determine the measures to minimize the risks between the public and private sectors. Theoretical base for the study are the works of the classics of economic theory, the works of national researchers in the field of government regulation of business in the context of globalization. The results of work: The implementation of public policy, providing favorable conditions for the development of small and medium-sized businesses requires improvement of the legal, financial and institutional systems. The effective functioning of these systems involves constant interaction and coordination of all the elements with minimal duplication of functions, the orientation of both the general objectives of socio-economic policy of the state and the interests of small businesses. There is great variety of options used in the formation of the system of state support of small business, taking into account the features of the state and political system, economic development trends, traditions and self-regulation of business, the state budget and fiscal systems and many other factors. In this regard the direct transfer of American, German or any other model of state support for small and medium businesses to the Ukrainian economy is not possible. At the same time, the study of organizational structures and mechanisms for small and medium businesses support in other countries let the researchers identify common features each of them, in spite of these or that national characteristics. Awareness of these features can be useful for the formation of a support and development of small and medium businesses system of in Ukraine.

The study of the state, problems and prospects of medium and small business development in Ukraine is presented in the research paper .The dynamic changes of the number and structure of medium, small and micro Ukrainian enterprises and their distribution by types of economic activity are analyzed; the prevailing forms of management in all types of economic are established. The importance of small business in creating gross domestic product and in employment is shown. For a long time the national economy has been characterized by an unfavorable business climate which created difficulties for the youth entrepreneurship development. The factors which provide the expansion of youth participation in small and medium businesses in the context of the international competitive space entering are studied. The nature of Ukrainian youth participation in business is determined. The most common types of entrepreneurship were identified on the base of young entrepreneurs' successful business projects analysis. The main reasons of low entrepreneurial activity among young people and the factors which limit the growth of the young entrepreneurs' business were established on the base of results of nationwide complex theme study of the Ukrainian youth's entrepreneurial activity characteristics. There are no available and effective economic incentives for youth entrepreneurship in Ukraine and the system of vocational orientation is not sufficiently developed. It is necessary to study the experience of successful countries for creation more suitable circumstances for young people's self-employment. Ukrainian government takes measures for creating entrepreneurial potential and favorable conditions for the youth entrepreneurship development. However government support is not always effective: the institutional support for youth entrepreneurship is absent, the regulatory framework and financial instruments are imperfect for forming an effective mechanism of state influence on this business segment. Ways for increasing Ukrainian youth's ...

The decisions made in 2018 related to raising the retirement age in Russia, in conjunction with previously adopted measures, created opportunities for pensions to rise above inflation and stabilize the ratio of pensions to wages until 2028.

Access to financing is a fundamental factor determining growth opportunities for small and medium enterprises. Along with the state forms of support for the subjects of this business segment, as well as traditional banking products, private investment mechanisms are being developed through the establishment and extension of crowdinvesting platforms. They imply involving funds of population as the most important market agent. The aim of the article is to reveal the key importance of the institutional development of the crowdfunding and crowdinvesting market as a modern tool for supporting small and medium enterprises, reproduction of people's personal savings and incomes of professional investors. The following scientific methods and approaches were used in the study: observation, comparison, analogies, analysis, synthesis, method of expert assessments, system and structured approach. The authors' definition of crowdinvesting is given. Three fundamental features of crowdinvesting are defined: collective microfinancing of a project from an alternative set of startups, an intermediate agent in the form of a remote platform, financial retribution. To prove the development of the world and domestic crowdinvesting market, its condition and the performance indicators of well-known crowdinvesting companies are characterized in dynamics. The authors revealed the key advantages of crowdinvesting, factors stimulating of its volume growth in Russia, as well as risks, mainly associated with insufficient regulation of the new and fast-growing institutional mechanism of crowdinvesting. The important perspective of crowdinvesting as an instrument of project financing in Russia is highlighted on the example of specific scopes for investment, multifunctional services of Russian platforms, expanding pool of investors, new financial and technological methods of exchange and support. The study allowed identifying a number of key areas for crowdinvesting development in Russia. The work mainstreams: building an effective regulation system for crowdinvesting platforms, including through developing self-regulation tools, a co-financing program for crowdinvesting projects from development institutions, the work of the regulatory sandbox, legislative consolidation and support for implementing new types of information and economic interaction on crowdinvesting platforms (not only B 2B, P2B, but also G2B, B 2G). ; Доступ к финансированию — фундаментальный фактор, определяющий возможности роста малого и среднего предпринимательства. Наряду с государственными формами поддержки субъектов данного сегмента бизнеса, а также традиционными банковскими продуктами развиваются механизмы частных инвестиций посредством становления и распространения платформ краудинвестинга. Они предполагают вовлечение средств населения как важнейшего рыночного агента. Цель работы — раскрыть ключевое значение институционального развития рынка краудфинансов и краудинвестинга как современного инструмента поддержки малого и среднего предпринимательства, воспроизводства сбережений населения и доходов профессиональных инвесторов. В исследовании использовались следующие научные методы и подходы: наблюдение, сравнение, аналогии, анализ, обобщение, метод экспертных оценок, системно-структурный подход. Дано авторское определение краудинвестинга. Определены три его основополагающие черты: коллективное микрофинансирование объекта из альтернативного набора стартапов, наличие промежуточного агента в виде удаленной платформы, финансовая возмездность. В доказательство становления мирового и отечественного рынка краудинвестинга охарактеризованы в динамике его состояние, показатели деятельности известных краудинвестинговых компаний. Выявлены ключевые преимущества краудинвестинга, факторы, стимулирующие рост его объемов в России, а также риски, главным образом связанные с недостаточным регулированием нового и быстроразвивающегося институционального механизма краудинвестинга. На примере конкретных сфер приложения капитала, мультифункциональности сервисов российских платформ, расширения круга инвесторов, вовлечения новых финансовых и технологических методов обмена и поддержки обозначена перспективная роль краудинвестинга как инструмента проектного финансирования в России. Предложенное исследование позволило обозначить ряд значимых направлений развития краудинвестинга в России. В работе актуализированы: выстраивание эффективной системы регулирования деятельности краудплатформ, в том числе через развитие инструментов саморегулирования, программы софинансирования краудпроектов со стороны институтов развития, работу регуляторной «песочницы», законодательное закрепление и поддержку реализации новых видов информационного и экономического взаимодействия на краудплатформах (не только в формате B 2B, P2B, но и G2B, B 2G).

The paper analyzes the mid-term goals of the Russian Finance Ministry. The implementation of the goals should ensure the transition of the economy to an equilibrium state with a stable and predictable macroeconomic environment. One of the tools to accomplish the goals is budgetary rules; therefore, the paper sets forth the requirements and describes modern approaches to their transformation. The role of information technologies in improvement of the tax collection and other payments to the budgetary system is considered in the context of key task characteristics in the field of budget revenues administration. To enhance the budget performance, it is necessary to integrate the budgeting and the procurement processes, expand the scope of the treasury support of government contracts and develop the state financial control system. The paper defines the functioning conditions of the financial system as a mechanism for transformation of savings into investments ; В статье проанализированы цели Минфина России на среднесрочную перспективу, реализация которых должна обеспечить переход экономики в равновесное состояние с устойчивой и предсказуемой макроэкономической средой. Одним из инструментов реализации целей являются бюджетные правила, поэтому в статье изложены требования и современные подходы к их трансформации. В рамках характеристики ключевых задач в области администрирования доходов бюджетов рассмотрена роль информационных технологий в повышении уровня собираемости налогов и других платежей в бюджетную систему. Для повышения операционной эффективности бюджета необходимо решить задачи интеграции бюджетного и закупочного процессов, расширения применения казначейского сопровождения государственных контрактов, развития системы государственного финансового контроля. В статье определены условия функционирования финансовой системы как механизма трансформации сбережений в инвестиции.