Suchergebnisse

This article examines modalities of rule adoption from the EU's acquis communautaire under conditions of membership uncertainty Drawing upon the case of Turkey we probe into the viability of a policy-type approach (drawing upon Theodor Lowi). Our main contention is that the substantive design of policies (distributive or redistributive qualities) has consequential implications for the form (conflict-free vs. veto player constellations) and outcome (transposition likelihood) of the subsequent political process. The proposed policy-type approach internalist in its outlook is thus readily compatible with available Europeanization models which are externalist insofar as being premised on the study of domestic politics. In terms of policymaking the EU needs to make more frequent use of policy-based intermediate rewards to encourage rule adoption where membership prospects are uncertain.

This article examines modalities of rule adoption from the EU's acquis communautaire under conditions of membership uncertainty. Drawing upon the case of Turkey, we probe into the viability of a policy-type approach (drawing upon Theodor Lowi). Our main contention is that the substantive design of policies (distributive or redistributive qualities) has consequential implications for the form (conflict-free vs. veto player constellations) and outcome (transposition likelihood) of the subsequent political process. The proposed policy-type approach, internalist in its outlook, is thus readily compatible with available Europeanization models which are externalist insofar as being premised on the study of domestic politics. In terms of policymaking, the EU needs to make more frequent use of policy-based intermediate rewards to encourage rule adoption where membership prospects are uncertain. ; Bu makale yasa uyum modelitelerini AB'nin topluluk müktesebatına üyelik belirsizliği koşulları çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Türkiye örneğinden yola çıkarak, politik kategori yaklaşımının uygulanabilirliğini derinlemesine araştırmakta olup, bu makalede ileri sürdüğümüz fikir politikaların substantif bazlı dizaynının (dağılımsal ve tekrar dağılımsal özelliklerine göre) birbirini izleyen siyasi süreçlerin formasyonu (barışçıl – veto aktörleri kümeleri gibi) ve sonuçları (yasaların aktarma olasılığı) üzerinde önemli sonuçlara sahip olduğudur. Önerilen politik kategori yaklaşımı, içsel bir perspektif olduğundan, şimdiye kadar Avrupalılaşma çalışmalarına dışsal yaklaşım gösteren modellerle birlikte (iç politika) uyumlu olmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, AB yasalarının uyulmasını teşvik etmek için politika bazlı aracı ödüllerin kullanımına daha fazla ihtiyaç duyulduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

How does female board membership affect firm stakeholder strategy? With the large increase in pressure to add more women to boards, it is especially important to understand how they influence firm strategy. Moreover, despite the growing importance of firm stakeholder strategy, key stakeholders continue to criticize firms for failing to keep their commitments. Here, we expect that owing to their long-term nature, consistency is particularly important for stakeholder investments, and that owing to their greater interest in stakeholder issues and their effect on board monitoring, female board members can be a key driver of stakeholder strategy consistency. Specifically, we develop and test hypotheses that increasing architectural complexity and uncertainty make stakeholder investments more difficult or costly, leading to a reduction in such investments. However, female board membership increases firm stakeholder consistency and counteracts these negative effects. Using a sample of 1755 S&P 1500 firms for the period 2000–2013, we provide robust support for our hypotheses.

The National Institute has been producing forecasts since 1958, and they are an essential part of our contribution to the policy debate in the UK and elsewhere. Model-based forecasts for the UK have been published every quarter1 since the 1970s, whilst model-based forecasts for the US and the major Europeans started only in the late 1980s. The country coverage of the European forecasts has increased over the years, and Euro Area forecasts began as soon as membership was clear. There is a long enough history of forecasting to be able to evaluate our performance, and this note extends the work reported in Pain, Riley and Weale (2001), Barrell, Kirby and Metz (2005) and Barrell and Metz (2006). The Institute forecasts for the UK are the main focus of the analysis in this note, but evaluations of the US and Euro Area forecasts produced by the Institute are also undertaken. We focus on evaluating the last forecast undertaken (at T–1) before the start of the year being forecast (at T), as they contain as much information as was possible without using any from the year being forecast. We also look at the evolution of forecasts over the two years preceding the publication of the first outturn for the year being forecast in order to gauge at which point those forecasts become efficient in that the root mean squared deviation (RMSD) of the errors is smaller than standard deviation of the series.

This paper examines whether EU membership enhances or diminishes the UK's financial sector stability, and therefore its prominence in global finance. The UK is host to the largest share of financial services in the EU, despite being outside of the Eurozone. An important reason is that, as a member of the EU, the UK has direct access to the Eurozone's financial infrastructure. If the UK leaves the EU (and EEA) banks and other financial services firms may continue to have access to the Single Market, but they are unlikely to have direct access to the Eurozone's infrastructure. Banks in the UK will no longer be direct members the Eurozone's payments system. The swap arrangement between the European Central Bank and Bank of England would have no legal enforcement mechanism. Resolution of cross-border banks would be more challenging with less incentive for a cooperative outcome. While some may welcome the reduced size of the financial system, not without reason, this could be achieved more effectively with domestic regulation than by leaving the EU. Given the uncertainty that would follow a vote to leave, there is a risk of capital flight.

"Do different forms of uncertainty account for different procedural fairness effects? We hypothesized that general uncertainty accounts for fairness judgments, whereas belongingness uncertainty accounts for group identification. Experiment 1 manipulated general versus belongingness uncertainty. Participants in the general uncertainty condition regarded the procedures as fairer when they were granted than denied voice, whereas participants in the belongingness uncertainty condition showed stronger group identification when they were granted than denied voice. Experiment 2 split the belongingness uncertainty condition into family and stranger uncertainty. Only participants in the family-belongingness uncertainty condition identified with their group when they were granted than denied voice. The findings have implications for the construct of uncertainty, models of procedural fairness, and group membership." [authors abstract]

© 2016, The Journal of Global Affairs is the official student research publication of the Department of International and Area Studies in the College of International Studies at the University of Oklahoma. Correspondence may be sent to: Journal of Global Affairs, C/O CIS/DIAS, 729 Elm Avenue, Hester Hall 150, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States of America. Email: jga@ou.edu. ; The United Kingdom is facing a referendum, to occur by the end of 2017, when British citizens will get the opportunity to vote on whether or not the UK should remain a member of the European Union. For Britain, the referendum is a flashback to 1975, when the nation held a similar referendum where voters decided to remain in the European Economic Community. In the four decades since then, however, Britain has continued to be haunted by its ambivalent and awkward relationship with the rest of the European continent. This study explains why Britain has historically occupied the role as being an outsider within Europe and analyzes the events surrounding the 1975 referendum, as well as the future one. In addition, this study predicts the fate of Britain if it does decide to exit the EU, outlining the numerous effects that Britain would experience if it chooses to abandon its EU membership. ; The Journal of Global Affairs is published in conjunction with the College of International Studies at the University of Oklahoma. ; undergraduate

Political and administrative problems in the Soviet Union's leadership succession processes. Importance of the state and degree of interlocking membership between the Politburo and Secretariat.

AbstractThe domestic scenario following a Brexit vote is likely to be characterised by high stakes, uncertainty and fissile political debate. No off‐the‐peg arrangement touted for Brexit—be it Norwegian, Swiss, Turkish or Canadian—was designed to engage with such a context. Nor does it seem wise to rush to medium‐term commitments which might pre‐empt democratic politics and wise choices. Far more important will be the legitimacy of any institutional settlement governing this arrangement, which will provide the context for its revision and development and the space for democratic reflection over how these policies are to be governed. It will be suggested that here there is much insight to be gained from looking at regional arrangements beyond the EU.

Recent research has shown that partisanship causes monetary policy uncertainty. Since monetary policy is implemented by central banks, this paper models alternative central banks structure to analyze their effects on policy uncertainty in a two-party political system. The major result of the paper is that the length of govemors' terms plays a more important role than the number of govemors on the board. Moreover, it is shown that both postelectoral appointments and the membership of administration officials on the central bank board raise monetary policy uncertainty. The paper' results are illustrated by analyzing alternative structures of the Federal Reserve Board of Govemors

Impressive growth in public support for the European Community took place during the decade follow ing its founding; there is reason to believe that this development was partly due to the exceptional prosperity then prevailing in the Community's member nations. Con versely, there is evidence that the troubled economic conditions present since expansion of the Community in 1973 have had the opposite effect—subject to some important limiting factors. Analysis of public opinion survey data re veals a positive correlation between support for Community membership and a given nation's level of industrial pro duction at a given time point; and a negative correla tion with rates of inflation. Nevertheless, long-term in fluences seem to dominate the effects of the immediate economic context. Among these long-term factors, length of membership in the Community seems particularly important. But the presence of "Post-Materialist" value priorities, and of relatively high levels of "Cognitive Mobilization" also show significant linkages with public support for European integration.