Suchergebnisse

Der auf Deutsch und Polnisch erscheinende Sammelband behandelt in zehn Beiträgen namhafter Staatsrechtler:innen und Verfassungsrichter:innen grundlegende Fragen des deutschen und polnischen Verfassungsrechts. Im Vordergrund stehen dabei die verfassungsrechtlichen Grundwerte, also Grundrechte, Rechtsstaat und Demokratie. Einen roten Faden, der viele der Beiträge durchzieht, bilden die aktuell zunehmenden Bedrohungslagen, denen sich der europäische Verfassungsstaat – sowohl in Deutschland als auch in Polen – ausgesetzt sieht. Insbesondere im Hinblick auf die derzeitigen Entwicklungen in Polen werden auch Fragen des Europarechts (Einhaltung der gemeinsamen europäischen Verfassungswerte) mit einbezogen.

Artykuł 33 ratyfikowanej w 2012 r. przez Polskę Konwencji ONZ o prawach osób niepełnosprawnych (KPON) wskazuje konieczność prowadzenia działań monitorujących jej wdrażanie przez społeczeństwo obywatelskie, w tym w szczególności organizacje zrzeszające osoby z niepełnosprawnościami. Faktyczna reprezentacja i wpływ środowiska osób z niepełnosprawnościami w myśl zasady "nic o nas bez nas" jest przedmiotem szczególnego zainteresowania Komitetu ONZ o prawach osób niepełnosprawnych, który przygotował komentarz generalny do art. 33 poświęcony tej sprawie. W artykule przeanalizowany został sposób prowadzenia monitoringu KPON w Polsce i włączenie w ten proces osób z różnymi niepełnosprawnościami w kontekście wymagań określonych przez Komitet ONZ. W Polsce monitoring KPON prowadzony jest w dużej mierze przez duże organizacje pozarządowe i grono ekspertów, co ma swoje konsekwencje. Z działań monitoringowych i rzeczniczych praktycznie wykluczone są grupy osób z niepełnosprawnościami narażonych na wielokrotne wykluczenie i dyskryminację, a więc w szczególnie trudnej sytuacji.

This book explores the impact of climate change on the legal situation of small island states such as Marshall Islands. Climate change-related problems of these nations touching their legal situation in a very different way than in the case of large countries threatened by economic and social consequences of sea level rise (such as Bangladesh, Vietnam, Nigeria and Egypt). Presentation of scientific forecasts is an introduction to the in-depth deliberations from the point of view of international law. According to many researchers, global sea level rise of 0,5-1 m. is highly possible in the next hundred years. Sea level rise is not the only climate-related threat experienced by small island states. Among other significant problems associated with climate change we can list tropical cyclones, floods, and droughts. Island nations must prepare for such problems on the basis of public international law. The authors draw attention to the most crucial legal challenges associated with sea level rise, such as the deterritorialization of the state, continuity of statehood, the issue of citizenship or the legal status of forced environmental migrants. The authors draw attention to the significant legal challenges (e.g. the legal status of migrants forced to leave their country of origin/residence as a result of irreversible climate change). This issue has still not been regulated by international law documents. Much attention is also being paid to the analysis of the consequences of climate change on the basis of international law of the sea. The core elements of the analysis presented in this book are, inter alia, the impact of sea level rise on Exclusive Economic Zones and fishing rights. The book is focused on the social and legal challenges facing microstates. Presented considerations may become a useful point of reference in the analysis of the problems facing larger countries affected by climate change and sea level rise.

The aim of the paper is to present ramifi cations in the field of family law, inheritance law and tax law which arise from the lack of recognition of registered partnerships and same-sex marriages in certain European Union Member States, such as Poland. The lack of recognition is commonly perceived as discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation, but the emphasis is usually placed on its consequences concerning human rights. In this article, the author focused on discriminatory aspects in the area of family life and personal taxation. A lack of appropriate provisions in domestic law produces negative effects affecting taxation obligations for cross-border families that concluded their marriages or partnerships abroad but cannot benefi t from these institutions in certain EU Member States such as Poland. For the purpose of determining discriminatory aspects, the author analysed the domestic rules differentiating couples living in a marriage and couples not possessing the right to marry. Due to lack of case-law on tax and inheritance discrimination resulting from sexual orientation, relevant case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union have been recalled, revealing possible violations of fundamental
freedoms, including free movement of persons.

Artykuł dotyczy możliwości zbudowania nowego systemu orzekania o niepełnosprawności opartego na prawnoczłowieczym modelu niepełnosprawności i Konwencji o prawach osób niepełnosprawnych (KPON). Przeprowadzona krytyka obecnego systemu orzekania jako opartego na modelu medycznym niepełnosprawności, jak również dyskusja z nomenklaturą proponowaną w zbliżającej się reformie orzecznictwa w Polsce, prowadzą do postulatu o wypracowanie orzekania respektującego zasadę godności osób z niepełnosprawnością. Proponowany nowy system orzekania pozytywnego opiera się nie na deficytach jednostki, ale na jej możliwościach i potrzebie wsparcia. W propozycji znalazły się obszary życia osób z niepełnosprawnością, które powinny być brane pod uwagę w procesie orzekania, jak również nowe rozwiązania w obszarze świadczeń i rent.

The aim of this paper is an analysis of development-induced displacement as a global social problem, diverse category of internal displacement and challenge for the international institutions and public international law. The problem in strongly linked with the reflection on the mechanisms of legal protection of particularly vulnerable communities and minorities. The paper complements the studies on empowerment of indigenous communities and more sustanaible development growth conducted on the basis of development studies.

Adjusting the legal status, and support policies for migrant workers is an issue on the agenda of international institutions for nearly a hundred years. The first efforts to protect foreign workers have been taken during the first session of the International Labour Conference in 1919. In the following decades ILO activities has led to the preparation of three international documents concerning this issue (non-binding ILO Convention No. 66 in 1939, and Convention No. 97 of 1949, and No. 143 of 1975). For many decades, the problem of the protection and assistance of migrant workers' rights was considered as a narrow issue of international labor law. Codification efforts, undertaken during seventies, has led to the adaptation of the UN document (International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families) in 1990, and inclusion this issue into more general area of international human rights law. Despite this fact, and the existence of several categories of documents concerning migrant workers within Council of Europe, the European Union, and even ASEAN, the protection of migrant workers has never been effectively functioning system. The aim of this article is the analysis of the codification of that issue, and the main obstacles to consensus on the protection of migrant workers' rights. The state parties of the UN Convention contains primarily countries of origin of migrants (such as Mexico, Morocco and the Philippines). It seems, therefore, that despite 46 ratifications the, UN convention does not have a global character, and activities of its monitoring body (Committee on Migrant Workers-CMW) reflects primarily demands of sending countries. The article closely examines particularly controversial provisions of the ILO and UN documents from the point of view of current labour migrations and policies of sending and host countries.

The paper outlines socio-historical factors that led to the emergence of a new trend in doing research on disability issue – Disability Studies and the dissemination of a social definition of disability, on which the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) is based. The main part of the text provides a critical analysis of the implementation process of article 24 CRPD at Polish universities with regard to relevant regulatory acts and using reasonable accommodations. Next, statistical data on students and PhD candidates with disabilities are presented. The main conclusions from thematic reports by the Polish Commissioner for Human Rights and by the disabled persons organizations are also presented. In the last part, the disability issue is discussed in the context of creating the Law on Higher Education 2.0 with the case study of amendment no. 47.

Presented article is focused on the analysis of forced evictions caused by the organization of sport megaevents. The development of sport arenas and associated urban infrastructure usually resulted in forced displacement of many thousand of local inhabitants from its direct neighbourhoods. The first cases of such evictions were observed already during the first half of the twentieth century. During the last three decades mass displacment associated with the sport events becomes a particularly negative sosial issue. We have observed several cases of mass displacement caused by preparation of summer olympic games in Seoul, Atlanta, Athens, Beijing, and Rio de Janeiro. Currently we are observing the growing scale of such evictions in many parts of the globe. The significant scale of such problem is observed in developing states (India, Brazil), as well as in countries ruled in non-democratic manner, charaterized by the low developemt of the institutions of human rights protection. Discussed facts and statistical analysis becomes a point of reference for the in-depth analysis of the economic, political, social, and legal context of this problem. Forced evictions associated with the sport events (so-called mega events) can be considered as a specific category of development-induced displacement and resettlement (DIDR). The article is focused on the most spectacular examples of such evictions observed between 1988 and 2016. My particular attention is devoted to the negative social consequences of this issue and its legal implications.