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A quantitative experiment comparing the effects of written COMM's dealing with delusion control & stressing either prevention & self-help or post facto treatment after the fact on the opinions of 2 samples of 141 Texas Coll undergraduates was carried out. Despite the nonveridical message content, beliefs about prevention & treatment of delusions, as measured by Likerttype items & Semantic Diff'ial scales, proved, after analysis of variance, vulnerable to the persuasive COMM's, though the prevention messages had less impact than treatment messages. Initial beliefs about prevention were more vulnerable to a persuasive message stressing treatment than beliefs about treatment to a message stressing prevention. These finds conform to the current popular trend that views mental disorders re an illness model according to which a person is a passive victim who passively receives treatment. They suggest that the alternative approach of individual initiative & self-help is not only feasible but possibly desirable. AA.

Introduction.--Demography of mental retardation: Mercer, J. The myth of the 3 prevalence. Windle, C. What's in a name?--Beyond the Binet: psychological assessment tomorrow. Wachs, T. The measurement of early intellectual functioning. Guilfold, J.P. Structure-of-intellect abilities in preliterate children and the mentally retarded.--Silverstein, A.B. Alternative factor analytic solutions for the WISC and the WAIS with the retarded. Fruchter, B. and Fruchter, D.A. Factor content of the WAIS with separate digits-forward and digits-backward scores for a borderline and mentally retarded sample. Eyman, R.K., Meyers, C.E., and Bendel, R. Recent advances in psychometrics. Bijou, S.W. and Warren, S.A. Objective observations in field situations for clinical work.--Sociological aspects of mental retardation: Dingman, H. Social performance of the mentally retarded. Leland, H. Adaptive behavior and mentally retarded behavior. Nihira K. Importance of environmental demands in the measurement of adaptive behavior. Natalicio, L.F.S. Dysfunctional reciprocal control in dyadic/polyadic interactions. MacAndrew, C. The role of "knowledge at hand" in the practical management of institutionalized "idiots." Cleland, C.C. Possibilities for social research among profoundly retarded? Ashurst, D.I. and Meyers, C.E. Social system and clinical model in school identification of the educable retarded. Lewis, J.F. The community and the retarded. Tarjan, G. Sex: a tri-polar conflict in mental retardation.--Programming in school and community. Ball, T.S. Bobaths' facilitation training and Seguin's physiological method related to escape-avoidance conditioning. MacMillan, D.L. and Forness, S.R. Behavior modification: savior or savant? Edgerton, R.B. and Edgerton, C.R. Becoming mentally retarded in a Hawaiian school. Paulson, M.J. and Stone, D. Specialist-professional intervention. Benoit, E.P. Rationale of a social center for employed limited adults. Grossman, H. and Rowitz, L. A community approach to services for the retarded

If it is agreed that social indicators indicate or measure only within the context of a theory of social change, & if it is further assumed that theories of social change which deal only with social conditions, behavioral interchanges or transactions, & the material environment, are likely to be unsuccessful because they ignore the "mental" side of life, it follows that we will want our theories of social change, & the social indicators associated with them, to incorporate the cultural & group psychological aspects of social behavior. Data to be used as raw material for social indicators of culture & group psychology may be gathered from interviews & from cultural artifacts. The social indicators of the psychological aspects of society are found & must be compared in survey research & artifact analysis. Artifact analysis, however, has a potential for contributing to a theory of social change much greater than survey research. Analysis of literature, film, art, songs, & in general the imagery within the social communications is a far more fruitful, but little used, analytic tool. Modified HA.

Research into mental maps by the investigators and others is reviewed with the intention of formulating an empirically derived model of the cognitive transformation of information from urban geographic fields to map representation in a medium-term (daily-weekly) time frame. It appears that subject variables (length of residence, travel experience, personality, short-term memory), touring variables (characteristic travel mode), environmental variables (complexity of urban form), and map variables (familiarity with and attitude toward conventional maps, type of mental map called for by investigator)-all contribute to levels of map performance as measured by quantitative content and/or veridicality analysis. The model proposed lists a number of operations such as motile and temporal synchronization, rotation, scaling, generalization, projection, symbolization and verbalization, which transform sensori-motor input into maps through coding, recoding, schema formation, and retrieval mechanisms.

THE question posed in the present paper arises from the relationship of psychiatric disorder to culture. This question is: Are mental diseases the same all over the world, or do certain mental diseases exist only in one country or cultural setting and therefore are the specific product of that given culture? After a careful review of the literature supplemented by his own anthropological observations and psychiatric reports, the author was able to conclude that most of the allegedly "specific" mental sickness, which reflect in their behaviour the specific cultural content of the victim's society, are simply local varieties of a common disease process to which human beings, as such, are vulnerable.