Suchergebnisse

Introduction -- Esther-Miriam Wagner and Bettina Beinhoff: Merchants of innovation: the languages of traders -- Literacy of traders and their agency as linguistic trendsetters. Merja Stenroos: Like the coins when currencies are combined: contextualizing the written language of fifteenth-century English merchants -- José Miguel Alcolado Carnicero: Bridges of innovation and change: the English language around the networks of the Mercery of London -- Esther-Miriam Wagner: The socio-linguistics of Judaeo-Arabic mercantile writing -- Code-switching, loanwords and multilingualism. Ivar Berg: Business writing in early sixteenth-century Norway -- Laura Wright: Kiss Me Quick: on the naming of commodities in Britain, 1650 to the First World War -- Samuli Kaislaniemi: The early English East India Company as a community of practice: evidence of multilingualism -- Agnete Nesse: Language choice in forming an identity: linguistic innovations by German traders in Bergen -- Henrike Kühnert: From the synagogue to the market square: cardinal numbers in Older Yiddish -- Mercantile linguistic communities. Megan Tiddeman: Early Anglo-Italian contact: new loanword evidence from two mercantile sources, 1440-1451 -- Josh Brown: Multilingual merchants: the trade network of the 14th century Tuscan merchant Francesco di Marco Datini -- Rachel Selbach: On a famous lacuna: Lingua Franca the Mediterranean trade pidgin?

"During the eighteenth century, Britain's slave trade exploded in size. Formerly a small and geographically constricted business, the trade had, by the eve of the American Revolution, grown into a transatlantic system through which fifty thousand men, women, and children were enslaved every year. In this wide-ranging history, Nicholas Radburn explains how thousands of merchants collectively transformed the slave trade by devising highly efficient but violent new business methods. African brokers developed commercial infrastructure that facilitated the enslavement and sale of millions of people. Britons invented shipping methods that quelled enslaved people's constant resistance on the Middle Passage. And American slave traders formulated brutal techniques through which shiploads of people could be quickly sold to colonial buyers. Truly Atlantic-wide in its vision, this study shows how the slave trade dragged millions of people into its terrible vortex and became one of the most important phenomena in world history."--