Suchergebnisse

This book is intended to provide first year law students and other beginners in legal research with hands-on help to find legislation, case law and scholarly work in Belgian and European Law. ; Ce livre s'adresse aux étudiants de première année de droit et aux autres débutants en recherche juridique. Il contient des conseils pratiques pour trouver la législation, la jurisprudence et la doctrine en droit belge et européen.Pour chacune de ces sources du droit sont systématiquement posées les questions suivantes : que cherche-t-on ? Avec quels outils peut-on mener la recherche ? Comment procède-t- on ? S'agissant des supports informatisés, des copies d'écrans accompagnent les principales étapes de la recherche, au départ de questions très concrètes. ; 2ème éd.

Résumé Dans les études de genre allemandes, le concept d'intersectionnalité fait l'objet de nombreuses discussions. Cet article analyse certains de ces débats pour ensuite présenter l'intersectionnalité comme une perspective d'analyse, ce qui peut aider la recherche à rester ouverte à la complexité du sujet, à élargir le champ d'investigation, et à prendre en compte ce à quoi on n'avait pas pensé au départ. En particulier, l'intersectionnalité permet de révéler les points aveugles de sa propre recherche et de conceptualiser les ambiguïtés. Une enquête sur les infirmières indiennes en Allemagne (de l'Ouest) vient illustrer les avantages, et plus largement les conséquences d'une approche intersectionnelle.

This thesis addresses the issue of mixed-signal board test in maintenance stage. Numerous test methods and test tools have been developed mainly for the test of circuits at design and production stages in hardware test. Surprisingly, one may notice that little interest has been placed into testing during the maintenance stage. However, some systems, like military systems for example, need to be maintained in operational conditions for decades. It is therefore important to ensure that the boards' functionalities of such systems do not deteriorate over time. Should a board become faulty, diagnosis help is then useful to fix it. We propose a functional test methodology which suits the maintenance context. This methodology allows functional modelling for analogue, digital and mixed-signal components in a uniform way and is flexible with regard to the amount of information available on the board. The test data generation process is driven by global test strategies (suitable to preventive maintenance) or local test strategies (more suitable to corrective maintenance). Test engineers' expertise and industrial practices are essential and are taken into account by the methodology in the form of test models and test tactics which specify the test data generation process. The proposed methodology is implemented into a prototype tool by using constraint logic programming and its application to several examples of mixed-signal boards is discussed. ; Le problème abordé dans cette thèse concerne le test de cartes mixtes en maintenance. Dans le domaine du test matériel, de nombreuses méthodes et outils de test existent, ciblant principalement le test de circuits en phase de conception et de production. Peu d'intérêt a été porté jusqu'à présent au test de cartes mixtes en phase de maintenance. Pourtant, certains systèmes comme par exemple les systèmes militaires doivent rester opérationnels pendant plusieurs décennies. Il est alors important de s'assurer que les fonctionnalités des cartes électroniques composant ces systèmes ne ...

This thesis addresses the issue of mixed-signal board test in maintenance stage. Numerous test methods and test tools have been developed mainly for the test of circuits at design and production stages in hardware test. Surprisingly, one may notice that little interest has been placed into testing during the maintenance stage. However, some systems, like military systems for example, need to be maintained in operational conditions for decades. It is therefore important to ensure that the boards' functionalities of such systems do not deteriorate over time. Should a board become faulty, diagnosis help is then useful to fix it. We propose a functional test methodology which suits the maintenance context. This methodology allows functional modelling for analogue, digital and mixed-signal components in a uniform way and is flexible with regard to the amount of information available on the board. The test data generation process is driven by global test strategies (suitable to preventive maintenance) or local test strategies (more suitable to corrective maintenance). Test engineers' expertise and industrial practices are essential and are taken into account by the methodology in the form of test models and test tactics which specify the test data generation process. The proposed methodology is implemented into a prototype tool by using constraint logic programming and its application to several examples of mixed-signal boards is discussed. ; Le problème abordé dans cette thèse concerne le test de cartes mixtes en maintenance. Dans le domaine du test matériel, de nombreuses méthodes et outils de test existent, ciblant principalement le test de circuits en phase de conception et de production. Peu d'intérêt a été porté jusqu'à présent au test de cartes mixtes en phase de maintenance. Pourtant, certains systèmes comme par exemple les systèmes militaires doivent rester opérationnels pendant plusieurs décennies. Il est alors important de s'assurer que les fonctionnalités des cartes électroniques composant ces systèmes ne ...

Les indices d'actifs basés sur la possession de biens durables et les caractéristiques du logement sont très souvent utilisés comme mesure de la richesse lorsqu'aucune donnée n'est disponible sur le revenu ou les dépenses. Dans ce papier, nous proposons une approche ordinale pour estimer la richesse des ménages (individus) dès que l'on ne dispose que de données sur les actifs. L'analyse des correspondances nous permet d'obtenir un classement des corrélations entre les divers actifs et le premier facteur qui est une variable latente censée représenter le niveau de vie. Nous utilisons ensuite ce classement des corrélations des actifs pour calculer des indices d'inégalité ordinale qui ont été introduits récemment dans la littérature. Nous exploitons également l'information concernant la proportion d'individus possédant chaque type d'actifs pour calculer à nouveau des indices d'inégalité ordinale de la possession d'actifs. Notre analyse empirique, qui est basée sur des données couvrant les différents états du Mexique en 2000 et 2010, montre que la corrélation entre les indices d'inégalité ordinale dans la possession d'actifs, obtenus à partir de l'analyse des correspondances, et les indices de Gini traditionnels mesurant l'inégalité des revenus, est élevée. Cette corrélation est même plus élevée que celle qui est obtenue lorsque l'on compare ces indices de Gini et les indices d'inégalité ordinale calculés à partir de la proportion d'actifs possédés par les ménages.

In autumn 2009, Professor Raimund Vogels (Hochschule für Theater und Musik de Hannover) and I set up a Franco-German workshop analysing Musiques du Monde festivals. With around 15 PhD students from different universities, we carried out a comparative study of the Creole Weltmusik aus Deutschland festival (Berlin) and the Villes des Musiques du Monde (Seine-Saint-Denis) festival. I set out here two difficulties with this survey: one methodology, the other ontological. I favour two points of view, that of the researchers who are investigating and that of the cultural operators planning. This article does not seek to meet the ideal of completeness that makes many of the description operations ambitious. Here, the description test is reduced, depending on the Goodmanian non-exceedable objection, to a depiction test: we disagree with what we have learned in advance (Goodman, 1992: 11 et seq.). This article would like to contribute to a hermeneutical theory of festival analysis. While it shows that we are unable to build a general theory of festivals, he explains certain conditions for a fairer grasp of the challenges of a "world music festival" in this globalised world that we live in common. ; International audience ; In autumn 2009, Professor Raimund Vogels (Hochschule für Theater und Musik de Hannover) and I set up a Franco-German workshop analysing Musiques du Monde festivals. With around 15 PhD students from different universities, we carried out a comparative study of the Creole Weltmusik aus Deutschland festival (Berlin) and the Villes des Musiques du Monde (Seine-Saint-Denis) festival. I set out here two difficulties with this survey: one methodology, the other ontological. I favour two points of view, that of the researchers who are investigating and that of the cultural operators planning. This article does not seek to meet the ideal of completeness that makes many of the description operations ambitious. Here, the description test is reduced, depending on the Goodmanian non-exceedable objection, to a ...

This thesis aims to develop a methodology for evaluating the sustainable development of underground constructions, so that we can highlight their specificities. The construction and operation phases of underground facilities have a strong environmental impact; they represent also a consequent financial investment, which is usually a key factor in the decision-making process. In the other hand, these facilities offer many benefits to the city and to their users. This methodology, that proposes a complete evaluation of underground constructions, takes into account the different dimensions of sustainable development: environmental, social, economic. The governance dimension is also integrated through analyzing standards and legislation related to every step of this work. The first part of this thesis contains a detailed study of underground construction projects: functionality and their contribution in the sustainable city. The other parts contain an evaluation of environmental impacts carried out by the Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the analysis of social and economic impacts carried out by the High Environmental Quality (HQE). The aim is to evaluate all the sustainable development aspects on the basis of a scoring system 'benefits / drawbacks' for underground constructions.This methodology, applied to an urban tunnel case study, enables to evaluate several alternatives and then to propose a prioritization system of indicator results. By using the developed methodology, the different proposed alternatives can be classified by choosing the most advantageous ones within the meaning of sustainable development. ; Cette thèse a pour objectif de développer une méthodologie d'évaluation au sens du développement durable des aménagements souterrains, afin de mettre en évidence leurs spécificités. La construction et l'exploitation des aménagements souterrains ont de forts impacts sur l'environnement et représentent un investissement financier conséquent le plus souvent déterminant dans le processus décisionnel. Or, ces ...

This thesis aims to develop a methodology for evaluating the sustainable development of underground constructions, so that we can highlight their specificities. The construction and operation phases of underground facilities have a strong environmental impact; they represent also a consequent financial investment, which is usually a key factor in the decision-making process. In the other hand, these facilities offer many benefits to the city and to their users. This methodology, that proposes a complete evaluation of underground constructions, takes into account the different dimensions of sustainable development: environmental, social, economic. The governance dimension is also integrated through analyzing standards and legislation related to every step of this work. The first part of this thesis contains a detailed study of underground construction projects: functionality and their contribution in the sustainable city. The other parts contain an evaluation of environmental impacts carried out by the Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the analysis of social and economic impacts carried out by the High Environmental Quality (HQE). The aim is to evaluate all the sustainable development aspects on the basis of a scoring system 'benefits / drawbacks' for underground constructions.This methodology, applied to an urban tunnel case study, enables to evaluate several alternatives and then to propose a prioritization system of indicator results. By using the developed methodology, the different proposed alternatives can be classified by choosing the most advantageous ones within the meaning of sustainable development. ; Cette thèse a pour objectif de développer une méthodologie d'évaluation au sens du développement durable des aménagements souterrains, afin de mettre en évidence leurs spécificités. La construction et l'exploitation des aménagements souterrains ont de forts impacts sur l'environnement et représentent un investissement financier conséquent le plus souvent déterminant dans le processus décisionnel. Or, ces ...

This thesis aims to develop a methodology for evaluating the sustainable development of underground constructions, so that we can highlight their specificities. The construction and operation phases of underground facilities have a strong environmental impact; they represent also a consequent financial investment, which is usually a key factor in the decision-making process. In the other hand, these facilities offer many benefits to the city and to their users. This methodology, that proposes a complete evaluation of underground constructions, takes into account the different dimensions of sustainable development: environmental, social, economic. The governance dimension is also integrated through analyzing standards and legislation related to every step of this work. The first part of this thesis contains a detailed study of underground construction projects: functionality and their contribution in the sustainable city. The other parts contain an evaluation of environmental impacts carried out by the Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the analysis of social and economic impacts carried out by the High Environmental Quality (HQE). The aim is to evaluate all the sustainable development aspects on the basis of a scoring system "benefits / drawbacks" for underground constructions. This methodology, applied to an urban tunnel case study, enables to evaluate several alternatives and then to propose a prioritization system of indicator results. By using the developed methodology, the different proposed alternatives can be classified by choosing the most advantageous ones within the meaning of sustainable development. ; Cette thèse a pour objectif de développer une méthodologie d'évaluation au sens du développement durable des aménagements souterrains, afin de mettre en évidence leurs spécificités. La construction et l'exploitation des aménagements souterrains ont de forts impacts sur l'environnement et représentent un investissement financier conséquent le plus souvent déterminant dans le processus décisionnel. Or, ces ...

This thesis aims to develop a methodology for evaluating the sustainable development of underground constructions, so that we can highlight their specificities. The construction and operation phases of underground facilities have a strong environmental impact; they represent also a consequent financial investment, which is usually a key factor in the decision-making process. In the other hand, these facilities offer many benefits to the city and to their users. This methodology, that proposes a complete evaluation of underground constructions, takes into account the different dimensions of sustainable development: environmental, social, economic. The governance dimension is also integrated through analyzing standards and legislation related to every step of this work. The first part of this thesis contains a detailed study of underground construction projects: functionality and their contribution in the sustainable city. The other parts contain an evaluation of environmental impacts carried out by the Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the analysis of social and economic impacts carried out by the High Environmental Quality (HQE). The aim is to evaluate all the sustainable development aspects on the basis of a scoring system "benefits / drawbacks" for underground constructions. This methodology, applied to an urban tunnel case study, enables to evaluate several alternatives and then to propose a prioritization system of indicator results. By using the developed methodology, the different proposed alternatives can be classified by choosing the most advantageous ones within the meaning of sustainable development. ; Cette thèse a pour objectif de développer une méthodologie d'évaluation au sens du développement durable des aménagements souterrains, afin de mettre en évidence leurs spécificités. La construction et l'exploitation des aménagements souterrains ont de forts impacts sur l'environnement et représentent un investissement financier conséquent le plus souvent déterminant dans le processus décisionnel. Or, ces ...