Suchergebnisse

One The Method of Phenomenological Reductions -- "Wir wollen auf den 'Sachen selbst' zurückgehen" -- 1. The Transcendental Phenomenological Reductions -- 2. Specific Transcendental Phenomenological Procedures -- 3. Further Transcendental Procedures -- 4. The Order of Transcendental Phenomenological inquiry That Wills to Return to the "Things Themselves" -- Two Transcendental Phenomenology of Space, Time, Other -- The Problem, Plan and Historical Setting of the Constitution of Space and Time -- 5. Transcendental Phenomenological Unbuilding to the Tactually, Visually, and Auditorily Presented in Prespace -- 6. Transcendental Phenomenological Building-up of Quasi-Objective Space In Primary Passivity -- 7. The Transcendental Phenomenological Building-up of Phantom Quasi-objective Space. The Transcendental Phenomenological 'Deduction' of Space -- 8. The Transcendental Phenomenological Building-up of primordial Quasi-objective Space. The Transcendental Phenomenological "Deduction" of Time -- 9. Time, Space, Other -- Notes -- List of Works Cited.

The importance of accuracy verification methods was understood at the very beginning of the development of numerical analysis. Recent decades have seen a rapid growth of results related to adaptive numerical methods and a posteriori estimates. However, in this important area there often exists a noticeable gap between mathematicians creating the theory and researchers developing applied algorithms that could be used in engineering and scientific computations for guaranteed and efficient error control. The goals of the book are to (1) give a transparent explanation of the underlying mathematical theory in a style accessible not only to advanced numerical analysts but also to engineers and students; (2) present detailed step-by-step algorithms that follow from a theory; (3) discuss their advantages and drawbacks, areas of applicability, give recommendations and examples

Robots are mechanical systems that perform tasks through a series of perception, cognition, and manipulation steps. Robots with dimensions between 10-9 -10-4 m are classified as micro/nanobots. These are often called micro/nanoswimmers (or micro/nanomotors) since most micro/nanobots are used in liquid environments. These tiny robots can be precisely guided to locations where human access is restricted. Consequently, micro/nanobots are widely applicable in different fields, including environmental cleaning, medicine, exploration, and military applications. Micro/nanobots (or micro/nanoswimmers) are often designed differently from their macro-sized counterparts for two reasons. First, while macro-sized robots typically use onboard batteries, micro/nanobots generally use external energy sources, such as chemical, magnetic, electric, acoustic, and optical energy, due to the current technological restriction of battery miniaturization. Second, micro/nanobots must create a propulsive force differently than macro-sized robots. Unlike macro-sized robots, micro/nanobots swimming in a Newtonian liquid by reciprocal motion show zero net displacement since the drag force exerted on objects dominates over the inertial force at such small scales. Methods to create propulsive forces in micro/nanobots can be inspired by small-scale living entities. For example, microorganisms create propulsive forces by using non-reciprocal motion, such as spermatozoon and bacterial flagellum that use undulatory and cork-screw locomotion, respectively. The purpose of this dissertation is to design and fabricate micro/nanobots and study their propulsion mechanisms. Four micro/nanobots are newly designed by tuning properties of micro/nanobots, such as geometry, material, physical, and chemical properties. Furthermore, their propulsion mechanisms are understood for efficient and controlled propulsion by fully characterizing their resultant locomotion in Newtonian fluids. In the first chapter, general knowledge of micro/nanobots, including definition and theory of micro/nanobots, is introduced. In the following chapters (chapter 2-4), the state of the art of micro/nanobots actuated by different external energies is thoroughly reviewed, especially focusing on the effect of the design of micro/nanobots on their locomotion and propulsion mechanisms in fluids. Newly developed micro/nanobots are introduced in each chapter, consisting of subsections addressing motivation, experimental methods, results and discussion, and conclusion. Chapter 2 reports catalytically driven core−shell nanowires. The investigated catalytic locomotion in H2O2 solution shows that, unlike conventional bimetallic nanowires that are self-electroosmotically propelled, our core−shell nanowires show both a noticeable decrease in rotational diffusivity and increase in motor speed with increasing nanowire length. Numerical modeling based on self-electroosmosis attributes decreases in rotational diffusivity to the formation of toroidal vortices at the nanowire tail, but fails to explain the speed increase with length. To reconcile this inconsistency, we propose a combined mechanism of self-diffusiophoresis and electroosmosis based on the oxygen gradient produced by catalytic shells. The possible contribution of diffusiophoresis to an otherwise well-established electroosmotic mechanism sheds light on future designs of nanobots, at the same time highlighting the complex nature of nanoscale propulsion. Chapter 3 reports multi-wavelength light-responsive Janus microbots consisting of black TiO2 microspheres asymmetrically coated with a thin Au layer. Conventional photocatalytic micro/nanobots are limited to the use of specific wavelengths of light due to their narrow light absorption spectrum, which limits their effectiveness for applications in biomedicine and environmental remediation. Unlike conventional robots, our microbots are propelled by light, both in H2O2 solutions and in pure H2O over a broad range of wavelengths including UV, blue, cyan, green, and red light. An analysis of the motion of the robots shows that the robot speed decreases with increasing wavelength, which has not been previously realized. A significant increase in robot speed is observed when exploiting the entire visible light spectrum (>400 nm), suggesting a potential use of solar energy, which contains a great portion of visible light. Finally, stop−go motion is also demonstrated by controlling the visible light illumination, a necessary feature for the steerability of micro/ and nanomachines. Chapter 4 reports two types of newly developed nanobots that are magnetically actuated. First, nanowire-based magnetic surface walkers are reported. The nanowires are made of hard-magnetic CoPt alloy synthesized by means of template-assisted galvanostatic electrodeposition. The hard-magnetic behavior of the nanowires allows their alignment to be programmed with an applied magnetic field, as they can retain their magnetization direction after pre-magnetizing them. Their propulsion mechanism can be changed as a function of the applied rotating magnetic field frequency. By engineering the macroscopic magnetization, the locomotion mechanism of the nanowires is set to tumbling, precession, or rolling depending on the frequency of an applied rotating magnetic field. In addition, vortices were found by tracking polystyrene microbeads trapped around the CoPt nanowire when they were propelled by precession or rolling motion. Second, magnetically driven multilink nanowires are reported. The employed manufacturing process enables tuning the geometrical and material properties of nanowires and, therefore, allow resembling the shape and swimming strategies of spermatozoon. The resultant structure comprises an elastic eukaryote-like polypyrrole tail and rigid magnetic nickel links connected by flexible polymer bilayer hinges. Under a planar oscillatory magnetic field, the multilink nanowires display planar undulations. The multilink design exhibits an increase in swimming efficiency with increasing numbers of hinges in the structure. Annex 1 covers important yet overlooked aspects in the fabrication of nanowires observed during the fabrication process of nanobots. We examine the junction quality of electrochemically grown segmented nanowires. We particularly focus on the Au-Co system to illustrate this aspect. Annex 2 provides a strategy to fabricate supported anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes, which served as templates to grow long nanowires with modulated diameters. This approach was also employed to fabricate core-shell nanobot reported in chapter 2.

A multi- and inter-disciplinary discussion of "trans-Asia" approaches from critical theory, historical studies, cultural studies to film studies. At the heart of the book is a desire and attempt to give a grounded understanding of what "trans-Asia" approaches are by examining human mobilities, media culture flows and connections across Asia and beyond in four key aspects: cross-border flows and connections; inter-Asian comparison and referencing; transnational and de-nationalized approaches; and cross-border collaboration.

1.Trans-Asia as Method: A Collaborative and Dialogic Project in a Globalized World /Gladys Pak Lei Chong, Yiu Fai Chow, and Jeroen de Kloet -- 2.What is the "Trans" in Trans-Asia /Yiu Fai chow and Jeroen de Kloet -- 3.Transcending Trans-Asia? Lessons from Trans-Europe /Ien Ang -- 4.Toward Asian Independence: The Transpacific and Inter-Asian Trajectories of Taraknath Das /Chih-Ming Wang -- 5.On Exile Trilogy: Trans-Asia Trajectory /Soyoung Kim -- 6.Asian Theatricalities in the Transpacific: The Hispanophone Transculturation of Nick Rongjun Yu's The Crowd or, Performing the Chinese Cultural Revolution in Peru /Rossella Ferrari -- 7.Repeating Anime's Creativity across Asia /Stevie Suan -- 8.Trans/Asia: A Multi-Mobilities Solution to Identity Politics? /Jiyu Zhang -- 9.Dwelling, Aspirations, and the Good Life: Inter-Referencing Young People in Beijing and Hong Kong /Gladys Pak Lei Chong --Coda: Rolling Back toward a Trans-Asia Future? /YiuFai Chow, Gladys Pak Lei Chong, and Jeroen de Kloet.

The first book to be published on the Theta method, outlining under what conditions the method outperforms other forecasting methods This book is the first to detail the Theta method of forecasting - one of the most difficult-to-beat forecasting benchmarks, which topped the biggest forecasting competition in the world in 2000: the M3 competition. Written by two of the leading experts in the forecasting field, it illuminates the exact replication of the method and under what conditions the method outperforms other forecasting methods. Recent developments such as multivariate models are also included, as are a series of practical applications in finance, economics, and healthcare. The book also offers practical tools in MS Excel and guidance, as well as provisional access, for the use of R source code and respective packages. Forecasting with the Theta Method: Theory and Applications includes three main parts. The first part, titled Theory, Methods, Models & Applications details the new theory about the method. The second part, Applications & Performance in Forecasting Competitions, describes empirical results and simulations on the method. The last part roadmaps future research and also include contributions from another leading scholar of the method - Dr. Fotios Petropoulos. First ever book to be published on the Theta Method Explores new theory and exact conditions under which methods would outperform most forecasting benchmarks Clearly written with practical applications Employs R - open source code with all included implementations Forecasting with the Theta Method: Theory and Applications is a valuable tool for both academics and practitioners involved in forecasting and respective software development.

AbstractAudiolingual Method (ALM) emerged in 1950s on the shake of military purposes and its popularity declined in 1970s, criticized by linguists and practitioners in the aspect of language and learning theory as well as learning outcomes, together with the rise of communicative approach and other language teaching methods. The practice is still exist nowadays especially in teaching pronunciation, recorded materials and language labs. In general, this method based on structural linguistics and psychological behaviorism; purposed to enable students to speak target language like native speakers do; develops oral communication through drills and repetition; teaches grammar inductively followed by filling gaps exercises; teaches new vocabulary through mimicry; puts listening and speaking in the top priority then develop reading and writing on spoken basis; and allows the further writing and translation in teaching students at advanced level. This paper discussed these features as guidance for teacher to teach English by using this method. Key words: audio-lingual, aural-oral, drill, and repetition