Suchergebnisse

In the last few years, Brazil has seen its trade balance deteriorate significantly. Although some people defined these results as a necessary complement of the stabilization and growth process now in course, the fact that a similar experience, faced by Mexico, ended up in a severe debt crisis in December 1994, represents a serious warning. This paper suggests that in both cases, there is a variable indicative of economic incentives, namely "the relative price of home and tradable goods", that could explain the behaviour of the trade balance. Regressions estimated for the two countries support this conclusion. (Rev Econ Polit/DÜI)

Apoiando-se nas criticas desenvolvidas por alguns autores canadenses, o artigo analisa as consequencias do NAFTA, especialmente para o Canada. O acordo tem beneficiado basicamente interesses dos EUA, e tem interferido negativamente em aspectos importantes do sistema politico social canadense, que vao desde as politicas sociais e de desenvolvimento regional ate as medidas de preservacao do meio ambiente e a atuacao dos sindicatos. O artigo aborda ainda a acao de resistencia ao NAFTA desenvolvida por redes sociais trinacionais (Canada, Mexico e EUA), uma experiencia que pode ser util aos latino-americanos. (Novos Estud Centro Bras Anal Planej/DÜI)

This article lays out the general economic principles of exchange rate policy and provides an overview of the four country cases that have been included in this special edition of the journal: Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, and Venezuela. Three main currency regimes are discussed: the fixed but adjustable regime, the firmly fixed rate, and the floating rate regime. At the same time, the article distinguishes between two main approaches to exchange rate policy: the nominal anchor approach and the real targets approach. The author identifies the costs and benefits of implementing these various exchange rate regimes through the different phases of macroeconomic stabilization and structural adjustment. (Rev Econ Pol/DÜI)

The author begins by asking why Brazilian policymakers opted to target the exchange rate to stabilize inflation when this strategy had already failed in Mexico. The answer: It was no longer possible to accomodate the country's high inflation rate through the pervasive use of price indexation and a competitive exchange rate policy. The anchoring of the exchange rate within the Real Plan was the quickest route toward price stability. Brazil's recovery under a flexible currency regime suggests that the macroeconomic fundamentals are back on track. The challenge now lies in the crafting of a viable coalition that can cut through the mumerous parochial interests that converged to provoke the 1999 devaluation. (Rev Econ Pol/DÜI)

This article traces the ways in which political, economic, domestic, and international factors converged to provoke a massive financial crisis in Mexico in 1994/5, as well as its consequences for future reform efforts. The author argues that the ruling PRI party and international investors were equally adamant in defending the anchored exchange rate. However, in attempting to appease both domestic and foreign interests, the Salinas administration lost control of the macroeconomic fundamentals. While the combination of a massive multilateral loan and the shift to a floating exchange rate paved the way for Mexico's rapid economic recovery, a main legacy of the crisis was the political demise of the PRI. (Rev Econ Pol/DÜI)

O estudo dos sistemas de ensino superior em distintos paises da America indica, de inicio, a inexistencia de uniformidades na sua evolucao e nas politicas adotadas em periodos diversos. Mas e possivel detectar caracteristicas comuns, cujo estudo comparado pode subsidiar as alternativas para as propostas de reforma. Analisam-se aqui as politicas recentes para o ensino superior no subcontinente a partir dos processos no Brasil, Chile, Argentina, Mexico e Colombia. Procura-se recuperar a tradicao de cada um dos sistemas para entao analisar os problemas atuais, a emergencia e os entraves da modernizacao. A autora conclui que as reformas sao inevitaveis e que ha um conjunto semelhante de problemas e alternativas nestes paises. (Novos Estud CEBRAP/DÜI)

Klappentext: Este libro tiene como eje vertebrador el analisis de la desigualdad en realidades fuertemente contrastadas, tanto social como geograficamente. Su lectura nos traslada a urbes como Ciudad de Mexico, Berlin, Sevilla, Zaragoza, Lima y a paises como Colombia, Espana, Mexico, Peru y Portugal.El transcurrir desu lectura despierta inesperadas conexiones entre situaciones espacio-temporalesaparentemente alejadas, de forma que proporciona al lector una perspectiva de reflexion sobre las distintas expresiones de la desigualdad tremendamente enriquecedora.La constatacion de la existencia de problemas similares en distintas latitudes conduce a la reflexion sobre la raiz del fenomeno, el cual, en la etapa contemporanea, entronca con la propia idiosincrasia del sistema capitalista y la hegemonia de la economia neoliberal. La desigualdad se presenta, en definitiva, como un fenomeno global con distintas manifestaciones locales. Este libro reuneaproximaciones de indole conceptual, teoricaometodologica, sin dejar de lado la revision critica de politicas publicas implementadas para la mitigacion de la desigualdad, ahondando tambien en los motivos de su fracaso. La diversificacion de los perfiles de la vulnerabilidad en nuestros dias es otro de los temas analizado en profundidad. Esta diversificacion se explica por la combinacion de diversos factores: la nueva pobreza urbana, creciente inmigracion extranjera, familias monoparentales en situacion de riesgo de exclusion, personas mayores dependientes, poblacion desplazada? Todos ellos son colectivos a los que el libro presta atencion. A ellos, cabe anadir el efecto de dos factores clave en la situacion reciente: elimpacto social de la crisis economica global iniciada en 2007 y lasnuevas vulnerabilidadesconsecuencia del efecto del cambio climatico. Frente a estas nuevas situaciones, dos conceptos cobran protagonismo, como son el empoderamiento y la resiliencia. Se abordan, en definitiva, cuestiones que se apuntan como fundamentales para entender los retos de la problematica social actual y de como afrontar su futuro.

The objective of this study is to analyze the determinants of private investment, especially private participation in infrastructure, focusing on the institutional quality of emerging economies. The emerging economies analyzed (Argentina, Brazil, China, Chile, Colombia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Russia, South Africa, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay and Venezuela) accounted for approximately 80% of the EMBIPLUS index and 60% of the EMBIGLOBAL index, reference indexes of the J.P. Morgan bank correspond in August 2016. The results show that most of the institutional variables analyzed, in particular, economic freedom and regulatory quality, actually explain the number of projects and the investment figure with private participation in infrastructure for the group of emerging economies analyzed in the period 1990-2015 even controlling for liquidity and global risk shocks.

Powerful narratives describe Latin American nations as fundamentally mestizo. These narratives have made it difficult to recognize racism in the region, but recent multiculturalist turns have increased recognition of black and indigenous cultures and identities. Multiculturalism can focus on issues of identity and visibility and address unconcerned forms of racism, but it can also divert attention from structural racism and racialized inequality, and thus constrain broader anti-racist initiatives. In addition, multiple understandings of how racism and anti-racism are inserted in projects of social transformation make racism a complex and multifaceted issue. The seven essays in Contra oracismo investigate actors in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Mexico who go beyond the politics of recognition to address structural inequalities and build common ground with other marginalized groups. The organizations in this study advocate an approach to social structural transformation that promotes alliances, is inclusive, and is inspired by a radical imagination.

Executive Council Thirty-Fourth Ordinary Session 7 – 8 February 2019 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ; In April 2016, the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and the World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim convened a High Level Panel on Water (HLPW) charged with the dual responsibility of motivating effective action; and advocating for innovation, partnerships, financing and implementation of initiatives to improve water management and sanitation service delivery, as well as build more sustainable and resilient societies and economies. To ensure the highest level of political leadership, 11 sitting Heads of State and Government, as well as a Special Advisor, were invited to lead the panel for a two-year period till March 2018. The Heads of State and Government were from Australia, Bangladesh, Hungary, Jordan, Mauritius (co-chair), Mexico (co-chair), Netherlands, Peru, Senegal, South Africa and Tajikistan