Es constatable el hecho de la revitalización de las fiestas de Semana Santa. El análisis trata de buscar las claves de ese hecho, que es multidimensional y complejo. Se establece una hipótesis psico-sociológica. El ritual cumple una función social, referente a la pertenencia al grupo y a la lucha por el poder. Cumple además una función simbólica. En ambos aspectos se da un peligro de manipulación política y religiosa. ; There has been a marked revival of Easter festivities in Andalusia. This analysis examines the key points of this revival, which is multidimensional and complex. A psico-sociological hypothesis is established. The ritual fulfills a social function, particularly with respect to the importance of the group and the struggle for power. It also has has a symbolic function. In both aspects there is a risk of political and religious manipulation. ; Grupo de Investigación Antropología y Filosofía (SEJ-126). Universidad de Granada
[EN]The theme of holy war has been studied and examined from multiple points of view, however, there is no known work of those made so far that he did seeking to know their possible influences on the customs and the rights of Christian communities medieval Hispanic. Perhaps this is due to the widespread view that the religious status of Islamic law made him unsuitable to influence the Christian Reconquista despite this more than once scholars from different disciplines have discovered and identified revealing similarities between the two rights , and even when they Hayam been highlighted to illustrate one example, or used as scholarly or anecdotal detail, the truth is that these similarities in customs and practices of both communities warriors sanctioned by law, some have served the specialist or the student of medieval societies mainland, given that there is no systematic study of these issues, study the other hand, is missing, more plainly, the Muslims militarily and politically are the other essential component of medieval Hispanic.
We have collated data from castles of the region and medieval settlements that have been excavated or surveyed, together with the results obtained from a detailed study of pottery groups found on these sites. From this we learn, provisionally, that there was a late islamification of the region in the XI th. and XII th. centuries, for during the Caliphate proper (X th. century) we can detect only of the military control of the area from certain castles built on sites of great altitude, totally separated culturally from the settlements, in a markedly late Roman fashion. The Christian conquest (XIII th. century) resulted in a considerable cultural break from the former period, which can be seen from the almost total disappearance at Muslim ceramic forms and techniques. ; Recogemos en este trabajo los datos proporcionados por los castillos de la zona y los poblados medievales en vías de excavación o prospección, complementados con los resultados obtenidos de la consulta sucinta de los conjuntos cerámicos aportados por dichos yacimientos. De ello se desprende, provisionalmente, la existencia de una islamización tardía de la zona en los siglos XI y XII, ya que para la época propiamente califal (s. X) sólo hemos detectado un control militar del área por medio de determinados castillos a gran altura, totalmente desconectados culturalmente con los poblados, de marcada tradición tardorromana. La conquista cristiana (s. XIII) determinó una gran ruptura cultural con el período anterior, apreciable en la casi total desaparición de técnicas y formas cerámicas propias de la cultura material musulmana.
Recogemos en este trabajo los datos proporcionados por los castillos de la zona y los poblados medievales en vías de excavación o prospección, complementados con los resultados obtenidos de la consulta sucinta de los conjuntos cerámicos aportados por dichos yacimientos. De ello se desprende, provisionalmente, la existencia de una islamización tardía de la zona en los siglos XI y XII, ya que para la época propiamente califal (s. X) sólo hemos detectado un control militar del área por medio de determinados castillos a gran altura, totalmente desconectados culturalmente con los poblados, de marcada tradición tardorromana. La conquista cristiana (s. XIII) determinó una gran ruptura cultural con el período anterior, apreciable en la casi total desaparición de técnicas y formas cerámicas propias de la cultura material musulmana. ; We have collated data from castles of the region and medieval settlements that have been excavated or surveyed, together with the results obtained from a detailed study of pottery groups found on these sites. From this we learn, provisionally, that there was a late islamification of the region in the XI th. and XII th. centuries, for during the Caliphate proper (X th. century) we can detect only of the military control of the area from certain castles built on sites of great altitude, totally separated culturally from the settlements, in a markedly late Roman fashion. The Christian conquest (XIII th. century) resulted in a considerable cultural break from the former period, which can be seen from the almost total disappearance at Muslim ceramic forms and techniques.
The influence of the Mc on the political & economic development of Mexico at key junctures of its modern constitutional history is discussed, focusing on Mc political ideology. Historical examples of Mc political intervention examined are the Ayuntamiento of 1808, the Revolution against Spain, the liberal constitution of 1824, the centralized constitution of 1843, the Diaz Dictatorship, & the 1917 Queretaro constitution. S. Karganovic
A brief history of the development of higher education in Cuba, from the inception of Havana University in 1728, is followed by a discussion of its present state, focusing on its basic concepts, function, direction, & research activities. In 1962, soon after the socialist revolution, the University system was restructured to accommodate a greater number of students & to serve the needs of a rapidly industrializing national economy. The success of the former measure is evidenced by the fact that in 1975/76 there were 111 students per 1,000 population aged 20-24. The concept of career was rejected in favor of specialization, which can be more easily adapted to serve the changing needs of the economy. A 1976 law created four types of higher education institutions: the University, a center for the formation of specialists; the Higher Polytechnical Institute, which trains specialists in the technical sciences; the Higher Institute, which trains specialists in a specific sector of the national economy (eg, agriculture, forestry); & the University Center, conceived as an embryonic institution whose development may lead to the establishment of any of the preceding three types. In addition to perfecting teaching techniques, the educational system has as its permanent task the planning & control of scientific research activities. The total number of cases of higher education graduates is expected to grow from 84,000 in 1975/76 to 141,000 in 1980/81. 7 Tables. S. Karganovic.
The Eastern Airlines Collection, 1927-2008 (bulk 1965-2008), consists of news clippings, press releases, newsletters, annual reports, monthly reports, correspondence, memoranda, photographs, slides, an early scrapbook (or day book), artifacts (promotional items) and audiovisual materials. This collection mainly provides insight into publicity and outreach efforts at Eastern Airlines, but also its history, charitable work, and day-to-day operations. The materials were accumulated by Carolyn Lee Wills, who worked in the Public Relations Department of Eastern's Southern Regional Office from 1965 until 1987. ; Carolyn Lee Wills graduated from Georgia State University, where she studied journalism, history and speech. She also participated in many extra-curricular activities including Panhellenic Council, Delta Zeta Sorority, and yearbook. Before she began her work at Eastern Airlines, she traveled extensively throughout Europe, Asia, North and South America, Jamaica, the Bahamas, and Bermuda.; In 1965, Wills joined Eastern Airlines as a Representative of Women's Activities. In this role, she interpreted the company's program to women by working in the fields of fashion, radio, television, public relations, and promotions. In 1971, Wills became made Regional Manager of Public Relations. Eastern Airlines closed its Atlanta offices in November 1973, but found it difficult to cover their public relations needs in Atlanta from their headquarters in Miami. Four months after closing, Wills was re-hired by Eastern to manage the Southern Division covering Atlanta to Tokyo. While employed by Eastern Airlines, Wills served on many boards including American Women in Radio and Television, Georgia State University Alumni Association, and was a national representative of Delta Zeta Sorority. In 1966, she married attorney Charles H. Wills. The earliest incarnation of Eastern Airlines was Pitcairn Aviation, founded in 1927, which was the U.S. Postal Service contractor flying from New York to Atlanta. In 1930, the carrier was sold to North American Aviation owner Clement Keys and was renamed Eastern Air Transport. It soon added passenger routes and adopted the name Eastern Air Lines. Throughout the pre-World War II era, Eastern dominated passenger travel and air transport along the Atlantic coast, including the introduction of one-day service from New York to Miami in 1932. Famed pilot Eddie Rickenbacker bought the company in 1938 and was closely identified with it until his 1963 retirement. During the air travel boom of the 1950s and 1960s, Eastern Airlines grew into one of the ""Big Four"" United States carriers, enhancing its status as the lead air travel carrier on domestic east coast flights with the introduction of air shuttle service in 1961. Shuttle service was created as an alternative to bus routes and included hourly flights from Atlanta to Washington D.C., New York, and Boston. During this time, Eastern Airlines also expanded international service to Mexico, Bermuda, Puerto Rico, and Canada. Under the leadership of former astronaut Frank Borman (hired as an advisor in 1969, he became Chief Executive Officer in 1975), Eastern Airlines enjoyed continued successes in the industry until the enactment of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978.; Beginning with Eastern's early U.S. Postal Service government contract, the company had relied upon the regulated and protective policies governing the airline industry. Without government protection, Eastern's profits began to make a downward turn that eventually culminated in the selling of the company to Texas Air International, headed by Frank Lorenzo. Following deregulation, Lorenzo was able to purchase multiple airlines including Continental, Frontier, New York Air, and Eastern. To cut costs in the midst of declining profits, Lorenzo asked Eastern's union employees to take massive pay cuts in wages and benefits. Union workers refused to accept Lorenzo's demands and opted to go on strike. By claiming bankruptcy in 1989, Lorenzo was able to hire non-union workers to fill the jobs of striking employees. Lorenzo took his demands a step further when he asked the machinists' union to take a pay cut, which resulted in another strike that dealt the final blow to any hope that Eastern Airlines would recover lost profits. In 1991, Eastern Airlines was permanently grounded. Eastern's main hubs in Atlanta and Miami were taken over by various competitors and its concourses in New York and Newark were demolished. ; Personally identifiable information has been redacted from this item.
