Suchergebnisse

Inspiriran radom Erica Santnera (1996, 2011) o političkoj teologiji i kraljeva dva tijela, u ovom radu propitujem političku teologiju filma, tj. kako drugo tijelo kralja, tijelo njegove moći, migrira u novo tijelo, tijelo naroda, te sablasno, u raznim tragovima, prati filmski način proizvodnje koji je obilježio dvadeseto stoljeće. U radu dovodim u imaginarnu vezu dva lika (jedan stvarni, drugi fiktivni) koji na određeni način utjelovljuju to migriranje: (1) sudca Daniela Paula Schrebera (čiji je autobiografski zapis mentalne bolesti, od trenutka kada je objavljen 1903., okupirao pažnju ne samo psihijatara i psihoanalitičara nego i raznih teoretičara), i (2) doktora Caligarija, hipnotizera u filmu Kabinet doktora Caligarija (red. Robert Wiene, 1920.), jednog od najpoznatijih junaka njemačkog ekspresionističkog filma, kako bih analizirao kako njihovi slučajevi utjelovljuju »sublimno rojalističko meso« u nacionalnim fantazmagorijama dvadesetoga stoljeća (koje se sve više vraćaju i u naše vrijeme u doba rastućeg populizma i brojnih teorija zavjere). ; Inspired by the work of Eric Santner (1996, 2011) on political theology and the king's two bodies, in this paper, I question the political theology of film. I analyze how the carnal dimension of sovereignty (or king's second body, the body of his power), migrates into a new body, the body of the people, and in various traces appears in the filmic mode of production that marked the twentieth century. I analyse or instead bring into imaginary connection two characters (one real, the other fictional) who in a way embody this migration: (1) Judge Daniel Paul Schreber (whose autobiographical record of mental illness, from the moment it was published (in 1903), occupied the attention not only of psychiatrists and psychoanalysts but also of various theorists) and (2) Dr. Caligari, a hypnotist in the film The Office of Dr. Caligari (dir. Robert Wiene, 1920), one of the most famous characters of German expressionist film.

Demografske značajke poput opadanja fertiliteta, starenja stanovništva, migracija, transformacija strukture i funkcija obitelji najvažniji su demografski problemi s kojima se susreće Europska unija, a utječu na gospodarske i socijalne probleme, a samim time i na način provođenja aktivne demografske politike. Kako bi ostvarili glavi cilj ovog rada, grupiranje članica Europske unije u homogene grupe (klastere) s obzirom na njihova demografska obilježja, provedena je multivarijacijska Cluster analiza. Provedenom analizom ustanovljeno je da se optimalno rješenje javlja kod klasificiranja u 9 klastera, jer dolazi do pojave stabilnih rezultata bez obzira na smanjenje broja kriterija klasificiranja. Također, zaključuje se da čak 15 od 28 zemalja članica Europske unije tvori jedan klaster, a Njemačka, Francuska, Italija, Luksemburg i Velika Britanija tvore zasebne klastere. Ovih 5 zemalja ujedno su i zemlje u kojima je zatražen najveći broj azila, a većina tih zemalja ubraja se i među osnivačice Europske unije. Isto tako, sve zemalje koje su se istaknule s visokim BDP-om po stanovniku, nisu se izdvojile kao zasebne. ; Demographic features such as decline in fertility, aging of the population, migration, transformation of the structure and function of the family are the most important demographic problems in the European Union, affecting economic and social problems, and thus in the way of active demographic policy. In order to achieve the goal of this paper, the grouping of EU members into homogeneous groups (clusters) with regard to their demographic characteristics, multivariate Cluster analysis was carried out. The analysis showed that the optimal solution occurs during the classifying in the 9 clusters, because of stable results despite the number of classification criteria being reduced. It is also concluded that 15 of the 28 member states of the European Union form one cluster, and Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and United Kingdom form separate clusters. These five countries are also the countries with the ...

Demografske značajke poput opadanja fertiliteta, starenja stanovništva, migracija, transformacija strukture i funkcija obitelji najvažniji su demografski problemi s kojima se susreće Europska unija, a utječu na gospodarske i socijalne probleme, a samim time i na način provođenja aktivne demografske politike. Kako bi ostvarili glavi cilj ovog rada, grupiranje članica Europske unije u homogene grupe (klastere) s obzirom na njihova demografska obilježja, provedena je multivarijacijska Cluster analiza. Provedenom analizom ustanovljeno je da se optimalno rješenje javlja kod klasificiranja u 9 klastera, jer dolazi do pojave stabilnih rezultata bez obzira na smanjenje broja kriterija klasificiranja. Također, zaključuje se da čak 15 od 28 zemalja članica Europske unije tvori jedan klaster, a Njemačka, Francuska, Italija, Luksemburg i Velika Britanija tvore zasebne klastere. Ovih 5 zemalja ujedno su i zemlje u kojima je zatražen najveći broj azila, a većina tih zemalja ubraja se i među osnivačice Europske unije. Isto tako, sve zemalje koje su se istaknule s visokim BDP-om po stanovniku, nisu se izdvojile kao zasebne. ; Demographic features such as decline in fertility, aging of the population, migration, transformation of the structure and function of the family are the most important demographic problems in the European Union, affecting economic and social problems, and thus in the way of active demographic policy. In order to achieve the goal of this paper, the grouping of EU members into homogeneous groups (clusters) with regard to their demographic characteristics, multivariate Cluster analysis was carried out. The analysis showed that the optimal solution occurs during the classifying in the 9 clusters, because of stable results despite the number of classification criteria being reduced. It is also concluded that 15 of the 28 member states of the European Union form one cluster, and Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and United Kingdom form separate clusters. These five countries are also the countries with the ...

Autor razmatra politički profil Alternative za Njemačku kako bi pridonio razumijevanju njezine pojave u političkom životu Njemačke. Analizom izbornih programa provjerava njezin položaj na osi lijevo-desno te stavove o europskim integracijama, nacionalizmu i multikulturalizmu, te o ekonomskoj politici i demokraciji. Multivarijantnom regresijskom analizom ispituje prediktivnu snagu konfesionalnih, dobnih, obrazovnih, migracijskih i ekonomskih obilježja izbornih okruga u objašnjenju varijacije u postotku glasova. Istraživanjem biografskih obilježja članova vodstva stranke testira se pretpostavljena zajednička demografska i ideološka pozadina stranačke elite. Pokazalo se da Alternativa za Njemačku odudara od stavova drugih stranaka u gledanjima na Europsku uniju, nacionalizam, multikulturalizam i ekonomsku politiku, ali ne odskače značajno na osi lijevo-desno, kao ni prema stavovima o demokraciji. Za predikciju glasovanja za tu stranku najvažnijima su se pokazala regionalna (rascjep istok-zapad), dobna i ekonomska obilježja izbornih okruga. Biografska analiza stranačke elita otkriva visok postotak bivših članova njemačkih demokršćanskih stranaka, te prevlast starijih visokoobrazovanih muškaraca u njoj. ; This paper analyzes the political profile of the Alternative for Germany to contribute to the understanding of its emergence in the German political life. An analysis of electoral manifestos tests the party's left-right position, stances on European integration, nationalism, and multiculturalism as well as on economic policy and democracy. A multiple regression analysis examines the predictive power of religion, age, education, migration, and economic status as characteristics of electoral districts explaining the variation in the party's vote percentage. An assessment of biographies of the party's leadership tests the presumed common demographic and ideologic background of the party elite. The article shows that new party differs from other German parties regarding the EU, nationalism, and multiculturalism, and economic policy, yet does not represent an outlier on the left-right scale, nor in its stance on democracy. The study of predictors of the vote for the Alternative for Germany has shown that regional (East/West cleavage), age and economic characteristics of electoral districts hold most importance. The biographic analysis of the party elite reveals a high percentage of previous CDU/CSU members and a dominance of elderly, well-educated men.

Članak se fokusira na proces osnivanja Etnografskog muzeja Istre šezdesetih godina 20. stoljeća. Osnivanje muzeja dijelom je povezano s činjenicom da je to vrijeme nestajanja predmeta tradicijske kulture sa sela zbog ubrzane industrijalizacije i sve većeg odlaska ljudi u gradove što dovodi do potrebe sakupljanja i izlaganja predmeta u muzejima. No, prikupljanje predmeta, stvaranje zbirki i naposljetku osnivanje Etnografskog muzeja Istre u uskoj je povezanosti i s političkom situacijom nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata, odnosno s procesom utvrđivanja granice između Italije i Hrvatske odnosno Jugoslavije u Istri. Upravo je kroz zapisnike sjednica Društva za povijest i kulturna pitanja Istre – podružnice Pazin vidljiv utjecaj struke, ali i politike na odluku o osnivanju Etnografskog muzeja Istre u Pazinu 1962. godine. Osim toga, u članku je pokazano i da je prostor Kaštela služio za stanovanje i bio dio obiteljskih povijesti stanovnika Pazina koji su živjeli u Kaštelu ili u okolici. ; The article focuses on the process of establishment of the Ethnographic Museum of Istria in the nineteen-sixties. The establishment of the Museum is partly associated with the fact that the period in question was distinguished by the disappearance of traditional culture objects from rural areas due to accelerated industrial development and greater migration of the population to towns. This brought about the need to collect and display objects in a museum. However, the collection of objects, the creation of collections and, eventually, the foundation of the Ethnographic Museum of Istria were also closely linked with the political situation after the Second World War and the process of definition of the border between Italy and Croatia/Yugoslavia in Istria. The minutes of the meetings of the Society for Istrian History and Culture (Pazin Branch) show the influence of museum professionals, but also of politicians, on the foundation of the Ethnographic Museum of Istria in Pazin in 1962. Moreover,the article also shows that the Kaštel (Pazin Castle) was also used for residential purposes and constituted a part of the family history of the citizens of Pazin who lived in Kaštel or the surroundings.

ISRD-3 na Kosovu, kao i u drugim zemljama je koordiniran od strane istraživačke grupe prof. Martin Killias i financira ga Savezna služba za migracije.Kosovo nije sudjelovalo u prethodna dva talasa ove studije (ISRD-1 u 1992. i ISRD-2 u 2006. godini). Ipak, istraživanje na Kosovu nudi vrlo zanimljive nalaze zbog sljedećih razlo­ga: (1) Kosovo je jedan od glavnih izvora imigranata u Švicarskoj i drugim zemljama zapad­ne Evrope. Kosovo je vrlo zanimljivo društvo sa posebnom kulturom. Rezultati ISRD-3 na Koso­vu su vrlo zanimljivi za usporediti sa rezultatima u drugim zemljama zapadne i istočne Evrope. Podaci su prikupljeni u dva najveća grada na Kosovu (Prištini i Prizrenu) tokom jeseni/semestra 2013/2014. U radu su prikazani preliminarni nalazi i razmatraju se glavna pitanja o trajanju viktimizacije u prethdnoj godini, prekršiteljima, kao i korištenju supstance među maloljetnicima.U poređenju sa prvim rezultatima ISRD-3 u drugim zemljama je dio u istraživačke grupe, nalazi ISRD-3 na Kosovu otkrivaju nova zapažanja, što se može objasniti kulturnim razlikama između post-sovjetskih i zapadnoevropskih društava, kao i razvoj modernog društvenog. Također, na Kosovu je ISRD-3 anketa održana u obliku off-line računarskih istraži­vanja. Raspravljaće se o glavnim metodološkim aspektima ove metode. --- ISRD-3 in Kosovo as well as in other 8 countries has been coordinated by the research group of Prof. Martin Killias and funded by The Swiss Federal Office for Migration. Kosovo did not participate in the two previous waves of this study (ISRD-1 in 1992 and ISRD 2 in 2006). Nevertheless, the survey in Kosovo offers very in­teresting findings because of the following reasons: (1) Kosovo is one of the main sources of immigrants in Switzerland and other Western European countries. (2) Kosovo is a very interesting society with a special culture. (3) Results of ISRD-3 in Kosovo are very interesting to compare with other results in other Western and Eastern European countries.Data were collected in the two biggest cities in Kosovo (Pristina and Prizren) during the fall semester of 2013/2014. The paper presents the preliminary findings and discusses the main issues about the life time and the last year victimization, the offending, as well as the substance use among juveniles. In comparison with the first results of ISRD-3 in other countries being part in the research group, findings of ISRD-3 in Kosovo reveals new observations which can be explained by cultural differences between post-soviet and West European societies, as well as other modern social developments.Also in Kosovo ISRD-3 survey took place in the form of off-line computerized survey. The main method­ological aspects of this method will be discussed.

O razlozima iseljavanja iz Hrvatske do sada se najčešće pisalo s aspekta politike useljavanja u pojedine države, a manje politike iseljavanja iz domovine. Ovim se radom stoga žele pokazati razvojne faze iseljeničkoga režima u socijalističkoj Jugoslaviji/Hrvatskoj, što će se pratiti preko angažmana mjerodavnih institucija u Hrvatskoj s posebnim naglaskom na ulogu Komisije za iseljenička pitanja. U analizi će poslužiti fondovi Hrvatskoga državnog arhiva vezani uz institucije (uprava i javne službe), pisma iseljenika za emisiju Radio-televizije Zagreb "Našim građanima u svijetu", kao i anketni upitnici radnika na privremenom radu u Saveznoj Republici Njemačkoj. Na temelju navedenih izvora želi se dokazati da se vlast u socijalističkoj Hrvatskoj brinula o sudbini iseljenika i povratnika, ali i radnih migranata (gastarbajtera), otvarajući prostor za ono što danas nazivamo javno-privatnim partnerstvom u pružanju usluga migrantima. ; The reasons for emigration from Croatia have thus far been analysed mostly from the aspect of immigration policy, but less often from the aspect of the policies of emigration to individual countries. Therefore, it was not even possible to monitor the continuity of Croatian policy towards the emigration, whose connections with previous periods significantly influenced the phases of emigration and return of the population in the socialist period. Precisely for this reason, the aim of this paper is to present a broader picture of the reaction of socialist Yugoslavia/Croatia to the emigration and the return of the population in the period from 1945 to 1970. This was monitored through the reactions of the government and the administrative apparatus (institutions and legislation), with special reference to the involvement of relevant institutions (administrations and public services) in Croatia, which played a key role in organising activities related to emigration and return. Among them, the Commission for Emigrant Issues stood out the most, having one of the more complex roles related to emigration/return observed through its scope, adopting normative acts, and cooperating with other institutions in Croatia (Croatian Heritage Foundation, Radio-Television Zagreb, Institute for Migration, Section of Social Psychology, University of Zagreb). Of particular interest was the cooperation with the last on the development of an emigrant survey, which was the beginning of sociological, economic, and socio-psychological research on the phenomenon of work outside the homeland (or guest worker experience). Based on the analysis, we prove that the government in socialist Croatia cared about the fate of emigrants and returnees by making room for what we now call public-private partnerships in providing services to emigrants—in other words, that emigration policy played an important role in building a welfare state in Yugoslavia/Croatia. Therefore, the approach to the topic was based on works in the field of social policy, while the analysis was made using the funds of the Croatian State Archives related to institutions (administrations and public services), letters from emigrants for the Radio-Television Zagreb show To Our Citizens in the World, and survey questionnaires for temporary workers in the Federal Republic of Germany.

Vanjska trgovima ima veliki značaj u gospodarstvu svake zemlje kroz multiplikativni efekt koji se ogleda ne samo kroz ekonomske komponente već i kroz sociokulturni razvoj. Cilj rada bio je identificirati Tursku u europskom kontekstu međunarodnih odnosa, odnosno ukazati na komparativnu i konkurentsku ulogu Turske u vanjskotrgovinskom poslovanju. Čimbenici odnosa Turske u europskom kontekstu su: demografski aspekti, sociološke i kulturološke razlike, pristupni kriteriji, ekonomski aspekti i politički izazovi. U posljednja dva desetljeća carinska unija Europske unije (EU) i Turske bila je okosnica razvoja u okviru bilateralne trgovine. U tom razdoblju Turska je postala petim glavnim trgovinskim partnerom s EU na globalnoj razini s vrijednošću bilateralne trgovine od 140 milijardi eura (2017). Slično tome, EU je najvažniji trgovinski partner Turske, koja predstavlja 41% turske globalne trgovine. Istraživanje u radu temeljeno je na analizi sekundarnih izvora podataka, a metode sinteze i deskripcije primijenjene su u interpretaciji dobivenih rezultata i formiranja zaključaka. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju kako je integracija Turske u Europsku uniju određena kako "tvrdim" ekonomskim čimbenicima korisnosti, tako i "mekanim" čimbenicima kao što su osjećaj identiteta, religije ili stavovima prema imigrantima. Iako Turska pokazuje pozitivne ekonomske trendove u europskom kontekstu, "mekani" čimbenici ipak predstavljaju osnovnu barijeru integracije. ; Foreign trade has great significance in the economy of each country through a multiplier effect reflected not only through economic components but also through socio-cultural development. The aim of the paper was to identify Turkey in the European context of international relations, that is, to highlight Turkey's comparative and competitive role in foreign trade. Factors of the relationship between the Republic of Turkey and the European Union are: demographic aspects, sociological and cultural differences, access to critique, economic aspects and political challanges. In the last two decades, the EU and Turkey customs union was the cornerstone of bilateral trade. At that time, Turkey became the world's fifth largest trade with the EU on a global scale worth EUR 140 billion in 2017. Similarly, the EU is Turkey's most important trading partner, representing 41% of Turkey's global trade. The research in this paper is based on the analysis of secondary data sources, and synthesis and descriptive methods have been applied in the interpretation of the obtained results and the formation of conclusions. The results of the study show that Turkey's integration into the European Union is determined by both "hard" economic utility factors and "soft" factors such as a sense of identity, religion or attitudes towards immigrants. Although Turkey shows positive economic trends in the European context, "soft" factors still represent the primary barrier to integration. The great migration crizis that began in 2015, and continues today, has again put Turkey at the center of geopolitical interest, but also emphasized the interdependence of Turkey and the EU and the conceptualization of a new model of mutual relations.

Demografska kretanja u Hrvatskoj, a osobito gospodarska statistika, još uvijek nisu dovoljno istraženi. O tome u upravi Zemaljske vlade nema detaljnih podataka. Jedan od razloga je i taj što je tijekom polustoljetnog trajanja Hrvatsko-ugarske nagodbe gospodarstvo potpadalo pod mađarsko ministarstvo u Budimpešti. Želeći dokazati da je u Hrvatskoj proizvodno vanagrarno gospodarstvo bilo dostatno i poslije 1872. godine, kada je zabranjeno djelovanje cehova, ban Khuen-Héderváry naložio je izradu Adresara koji će sadržavati popis obrtnika i trgovaca na području zagrebačke Trgovačko-obrtne komore. Taj Adresar obrtnog i poslovnog svieta u Hrvatskoj otisnut je u vrlo malom broju primjeraka i vjerojatno nije imao širu upotrebu. No, njegov sadržaj izuzetno je važan zato što donosi popis obrtnika i trgovaca koji su 1891. godine djelovali na području sjeverozapadne Hrvatske. Tim popisom obuhvaćeni su i oni obrtnici te trgovci koji su djelovali u selima. Popis na primjeru grada Križevaca otkriva da je obrtništvo bilo zastupljenije od trgovanja i da su se trgovanjem bavili uglavnom Židovi te stranci, dok su se obrtništvom bavili uglavnom domaći ljudi. Podaci u ovom članku donijeti su posebno za Križevce, a posebno za ostala mjesta križevačkog kotara kakav je bio 1890. godine, nakon što je Khuen-Héderváry 1886. godine izvršio novu administrativnu podjelu zemlje. Usprkos tome što je popis nedostatan i što obiluje loše pisanim imenima, njegov sadržaj omogućava i donošenje zaključaka o unutrašnjim migracijama. ; Demographic trends in Croatia, and especially economic statistics have not yet been properly researched. There is no detailed information on that subject in the Land Government directorate. This is partly due to the fact that during the half-a-century of Croatian-Hungarian settlement, the economy fell under the jurisdiction of the Hungarian ministry in Budapest. Striving to prove that the non-agrarian economy was sufficient in Croatia even after the year 1872, when guild activities were banned, ban Khuen-Héderváry ordered the creation of an Address Book that would contain a list of craftsmen and traders in the area that was under the jurisdiction of the Zagreb Chamber of Trades and Crafts. The directory, which was titled Adresar obrtnog i poslovnog svieta u Hrvatskoj (Address Book of Craft and Business in Croatia), was printed in a very small number of copies and was probably not widely used. However, its content is extremely important since it provides the list of craftsmen and traders that operated in northwest Croatia in 1891. The list also includes craftsmen and traders operating in the countryside. Using the town of Križevci as an example, the list reveals that craft was more represented than trade and that trading was done mainly by Jews and foreigners, while the local population was mostly engaged in crafts. The data in this article has been provided separately for Križevci and for other places in the Križevci district, as it was in 1890, after the new administrative division of the country done by Khuen-Héderváry in 1886. Despite the fact that the list is lacking and that it contains plenty of poorly written names, its contents allow making conclusions on internal migrations.

Sadržaj rada odnosi se na uvodni referat IAIE konferencije, koja je od 17. do 21. rujna 2013. godine održana u Zagrebu. Donosi kraći pregled interkulturalne tematike u području obrazovanja u Hrvatskoj u posljednjih pola stoljeća. Pritom se prije svega polazi od interkulturnog obrazovanja što se u svojim začecima javilo u Hrvatskoj sedamdesetih godina prošloga stoljeća s masovnim ekonomskim migracijama tzv. radnika na privremenom radu u inozemstvu, na prostorima bivše Jugoslavije, kojoj je pripadala i Hrvatska. Obrazovanje djece radnika migranata predstavljalo je tada velik problem kako za zemlje porijekla, tako i zemlje prijema. Zatim se daje pogled stručnog i znanstvenog istraživanja ove teme kroz uključivanje ustanova, timova i pojedinaca u izučavanje interkulturnog obrazovanja na sasvim drugačiji, nego dotadašnji, mahom politički, način. Nekoliko znanstvenih projekata hrvatskih sociologa i pedagoga osobito su pridonijeli rasvjetljavanju ove problematike u Hrvatskoj. Naravno da se tretman interkulturalizma ne gleda isključivo kroz migrantsku prizmu, nego općekulturnu i pedagošku problematiku uređenja, inoviranja i unapređenja školskoga sustava u Hrvatskoj. Takvo zadržavanje interkulturalizam na "domaćem prostoru" daje mu sasvim novu dimenziju i ulazi u nacionalni kurikulum obrazovanja u Hrvatskoj kao inovativni iskorak prema Europi i svijetu. ; The content of the work refers to the introductory paper IAIE conference, which is 17 to 21 September 2013, was held in Zagreb. Presents a brief overview of intercultural topics in the feld of education in Croatia in the last half century. Te frst and foremost is based on intercultural education which is in its infancy occurred in Croatia in the seventies with the mass economic migration so. Workers on temporary work abroad, in the former Yugoslavia, which belonged to Croatia. Education of children of migrant workers constitute such a big problem for the country of origin and the receiving country. Ten he gives a view of professional and scientifc research of this topic through the involvement of institutions, teams and individuals in the study of intercultural education in a different, but until then, mostly political, way. Several research projects Croatian sociologist and educator in particular have contributed to solving the problems of Croatia. Of course the treatment of inter-culturalism is not looking solely through the prism of the migrant, but general community and educational issues of planning, innovation and improvement of the school system in Croatia. Such retention of interculturalism on the "home area" gives it a whole new dimension and enters the national curriculum of education in Croatia as an innovative step forward toward Europe and the world. ; Der Inhalt der Arbeit bezieht sich auf die Einführungspapier IAIE Konferenz, die 17 bis 21 September 2013 wurde in Zagreb statt. Präsentiert einen kurzen Überblick über interkulturelle Temen im Bereich der Bildung in der letzten halben Jahrhundert in Kroatien. Die erste und wichtigste ist auf interkulturelle Bildung basiert, die in ihrer Kindheit so in Kroatien in den siebziger Jahren mit der Masse der Wirtschafsmigration aufgetreten. Die Arbeiter auf der Zeitarbeit im Ausland, im ehemaligen Jugoslawien, die nach Kroatien gehörte. Bildung der Kinder von Wanderarbeitern bilden so ein großes Problem für das Herkunfsland und Aufnahmeland. Dann gibt er einen Ausblick auf berufliche und wissenschafliche Forschung zu diesem Tema durch die Einbeziehung von Institutionen, Teams und Einzelpersonen in der Studie der interkulturellen Bildung in einem anderen, aber bis dahin, vor allem politische, Art und Weise. Mehrere Forschungsprojekte kroatische Soziologe und Pädagoge haben insbesondere auf die Lösung der Probleme von Kroatien beigetragen. Natürlich ist die Behandlung von Interkulturalität sucht nicht nur durch das Prisma des Migranten, sondern allgemeine Gemeinschaf und pädagogische Fragen der Planung, Innovation und Verbesserung des Schulsystems in Kroatien. Eine solche Speicherung von Interkulturalismus auf der "Heimat" gibt es eine ganz neue Dimension und in den nationalen Lehrplan der Ausbildung in Kroatien als innovativer Schritt nach vorn in Richtung Europa und der Welt.

Naseljenost nekog područja rezultat je različitih utjecaja, odnosno obilježja (prirodno-geografskih i društveno-gospodarskih). U ovom radu koristi se deskriptivna metoda istraživanja, da bi se što bolje objasnili i prikazali ti utjecaji. Od prirodno-geografskih obilježja u radu se analiziralo oblik otoka, udaljenost naselja od obale, učestalost vjetra i reljef, a od društveno-geografskih promatrani su prometna povezanost i turizam. S obzirom na činjenicu da je turizam najvažnija gospodarska grana na otoku Krku, u radu se provodi korelacijska analiza promatranih demografskih varijabli i varijabli vezanih za turizam otoka Krka u razdoblju od 1971. do 2011. godine. Korelacijska analiza provedena je određivanjem Spearmanovog koeficijenta korelacije ranga, sadržanog u programu SPSS, na temelju podataka svih sedam jedinica lokalne samouprave na otoku Krku. Kartografski prikazi u ovom radu izrađeni su korištenjem programa ArcGIS. U radu je utvrđeno da prirodno-geografska obilježja, koja su odlučujuća u osnivanju, odnosno razmještaju naselja, nisu jedini čimbenik u njihovu razvoju. Na razvoj i promjene naseljenosti otoka Krka velik utjecaj imali su razvoj industrije, prometa i turizma. Uvođenjem trajektnih linija i, naročito, izgradnjom mosta, prethodno izolirani otok postao je dobro povezan s kopnenim zaleđem i obližnjim otocima. Prometna povezanost glavni je preduvjet pojave i razvoja turizma. Turizam je trenutno jedan od najvažnijih razloga doseljavanja stanovništva na otok, te razlog premještanja stanovništva na (položene) obalne dijelove. Rezultati korelacijske analize pokazali su povezanost svih promatranih varijabli. ; A region's population is the result of various influences or characteristics (such as natural or geographical, as well as socio-economic). In this paper, a descriptive method is used to explain these influences in more detail. In the natural and geographical category, the following features were analysed: the shape of the island, distance of the settlement from the shore, frequency of wind, and terrain. In the socio-economic category, the availability of traffic routes and tourism were studied. Considering that tourism is the most important branch of economy on the island of Krk, a correlation analysis was conducted as part of this paper. This was done by observing the demographic variables, as well as the variables related to tourism on Krk in the period between 1971 and 2011. The correlation analysis was done by determining the Spearman's Rank correlation coefficient, which is included in the SPSS software, based on data from all seven local government units on the island of Krk. Cartographic representations in this paper were created with the help of ArcGIS software. In the paper, it was established that natural and geographical characteristics, which are key when forming settlements and the layout thereof, are not the only contributing factor in their development. The development and population changes on the island of Krk were heavily influenced by the development of industry, traffic and tourism. By improving ferry lines and connections, and especially by building the Krk bridge, a previously isolated island became very well-connected with the mainland and inland, as well as the surrounding islands. A good traffic connection is the prerequisite for the development and expansion of tourism. Currently, tourism is one of the main reasons for the increase of migration toward the island, as well as the reason for the resettlement of the local population to the (flat) coastal areas. The results of the correlation analysis show that all of the observed variables are connected.

Pogranično područje Hrvatske s Mađarskom u širem smislu obuhvaća dijelove četiri županije: Međimurske, Koprivničko-križevačke, Virovitičko-podravske i Osječko-baranjske. Konkretnije, u ovom se radu pogranično područje odnosi na gradove i općine unutar naprijed navedenih županija koje svojim teritorijem izlaze na državnu granicu. Riječ je o 26 jedinica lokalne samouprave, od kojih su tri grada i 23 općine sa ukupno 144 naselja. U tradicionalnom se smislu za europska pogranična područja najčešće vežu pojmovi poput prometne izoliranosti i perifernosti. U današnje vrijeme, međutim, u sklopu Europske Unije dolazi do njihove značajne društvene i ekonomske transformacije. To se posebno odnosi na schengenski prostor gdje granice više ne razdvajaju, nego spajaju susjedne države. Hrvatska je nova članica Europske Unije i kao takva još nije integrirana u schengenski prostor gdje je putovanje moguće bez granične kontrole. Stoga još uvijek nije došlo do transformacije hrvatskoga pograničnoga područja prema susjednim državama koje su članice EU, a to svojega odjeka ima u prošlim i aktualnim demografskim trendovima i procesima. Hrvatska granica s Mađarskom je najranije definirana hrvatska kopnena granica koja je uspostavljena još u srednjemu vijeku i vezana je u svojem najdužem dijelu uz tok rijeke Drave. Sve ostale kopnene granice Republike Hrvatske definirane su kasnije, s time da su tek nakon osamostaljenja Hrvatske postale državne (međunarodne) granice. Za vrijeme bivše Jugoslavije jedino je hrvatska kopnena granica s Mađarskom bila međunarodna. Ta je činjenica uvjetovala manju prekograničnu suradnju i povezanost nego što je to bio slučaj s ostalim granicama koje do prije tridesetak godina nisu bile međunarodne. Demografskom je analizom utvrđen depopulacijski i emigracijski karakter demografskih dinamičkih promjena u referentnom vremenskom razdoblju od popisa stanovništva 1981. do 2018. godine. Riječ je o kontinuiranim i prostorno izrazito homogenim negativnim demografskim trendovima (prirodni pad i negativna migracijska bilanca) koji značajno destabiliziraju koncept demografske održivosti kao uvjeta sveukupne društvene i ekonomske stabilizacije i revitalizacije pograničnoga područja što, dakako, ima i svoju sigurnosnu dimenziju. ; The border area of Croatia with Hungary in a broader sense includes parts of four counties: Međimurje, Koprivnica-Križevci, Virovitica-Podravina and Osijek-Baranja. More specifically, in this paper, the border area refers to cities and municipalities within the aforementioned counties that cross the state border with their territory. These comprise 26 local self-government units, of which three are cities and 23 municipalities with a total of 144 settlements. In the traditional sense, European border areas are most often associated with terms such as traffic isolation and peripherality. Nowadays, however, their social and economic transformation is taking place within the European Union. This is especially true in the Schengen area, where borders no longer separate, but connect neighboring countries. Croatia is a new member of the European Union and as such has not yet been integrated into the Schengen area where travel is possible without border controls. Therefore, the transformation of the Croatian border area towards the neighboring countries that are members of the EU has not yet taken place, and this has its echo in past and current demographic trends and processes. The Croatian border with Hungary is the earliest defined Croatian land border, which was established in the Middle Ages and is connected in its longest part along the Drava River. All other land borders of the Republic of Croatia were defined later, with the provison that only after the independence of Croatia did they become state (international) borders. During the former Yugoslavia, only the Croatian land border with Hungary was international. This fact led to less cross-border cooperation and connectivity than was the case with other borders that were not international until thirty years ago. Demographic analysis determined the depopulation and emigration character of demographic dynamic changes in the reference time period from the 1981 to 2018 census. These are continuous and spatially homogeneous negative demographic trends (natural decline and negative migration balance) that significantly destabilize the concept of demographic sustainability as a condition of overall social and economic stabilization and revitalization of the border area, which, of course, has its security dimension.