Suchergebnisse

Today, illegal migration in Ukraine poses a significant threat to the national security of the country, as state-controlled migration processes cause shadowing of certain sectors of the labor market, the emergence of interethnic conflicts, trafficking in human beings, the existence of corruption and drug trafficking. Problems remain: the absence of codified legislation to prevent criminal activity in the field of illegal migration, the imperfect settlement of regimes on traditional ways of illegal migration, also no responsibility for the illegal use of illegal migrants' work, the need for systematic accountability relations between state bodies performing the function of protecting the state border of Ukraine. Accurate and objective identification of the causes, conditions, factors and methods of illegal migration of migrants plays a leading role in understanding the processes that facilitate illegal migration and help to identify the circumstances underlying human deviant behavior, which in turn will allow measures to be taken. eliminating the environment for motivation. Illegal migrants, as well as their leaders, use numerous illegal ways to cross the Ukrainian state border, overcoming vast distances and risking their lives. The only solution, in my opinion, is to reduce the material interest of the border population in engaging in this criminal business. At the same time, implementation of these measures is possible only at the international level. Therefore, it is necessary to interact with the law enforcement agencies of neighboring states and to undertake joint activities to counteract the illicit movement of persons across borders. Therefore, in this paper, I consider it is expedient to study the current theoretical and practical aspects of combating illegal migration, to analyze the ways and causes of illegal smuggling across the state border of Ukraine and to identify the main approaches for solving this issue. Moreover, the author thinks that it is necessary to establish cooperation with foreign law ...

In the conditions of globalization, the intensification of relations between different States is taking place; the formation of a common market of capital, technologies and goods is formed. In this merged market there is a segment of the labor market, in which intellectual migration plays an extremely important role. At the present phase, migration processes attract more and more attention of scientists in all leading countries of the world. A special place takes intellectual migration. Human bieng, the human factor, especially their intellect, the educational potential has become a real capital. And migration itself forms the bulk of this capital. Migration is becoming more and more differentiated in terms of educational, qualification and professional characteristics, constantly involving new categories and groups of people in the staffing exchange. From ancient times, intellectual migration has been characterized by the constant movement of scientific staff between universities, which, obviously, determined the growth of prestige and the scientific, educational level of a university. Even in the history of Ukraine we can mention Yury Drohobych (Kotermak), professor and rector of the University of Bologna, professor of the Jagiellonian University, Mykhailo Drahomanov, professor at the Higher School in Sofia (now - Sofia University), etc. The present dictates similar needs in intelligence, which is addressed by promising scientists in the search for self-realization. Disproportionately smaller is the "flow" of scientific personnel to Ukraine. But such examples also take place. James Mace, a well-known historian, political scientist, researcher of the Holodomor, moved to Ukraine for scientific research and linked his scientific and livelihood with our country. In Ukraine, such migration processes are characterized by dynamism, diversity and a set of causes, not only of internal scientific, but also socio-economic nature. Over the past decades, part of the scientists who were unable to adapt to the new socio-economic conditions of post-Soviet Ukraine and could not "stay in science" by migrating to other areas of human activity, for example, in business or migrating to other countries. This, in turn, led to an imbalance in the scientific and educational spheres, and created new challenges and threats to the national educational and scientific sector, which affected the level of technical and technological development of Ukraine. The main goals of this paper is to determine the specifics of migration processes in the intellectual sphere, to identify their causes and social mechanisms, to analyze general and special factors of intellectual migration, to identify trends in intellectual migration and to create the appropriate conditions for the development of intellectual potential of Ukraine. Modern international intellectual migration is made up of two parts: highly qualified specialists who migrate from one developed country to another (mainly within Europe) and from specialists from Asia, Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe. Developing countries (this group can be safely attributed to Ukraine), as a result of the "outflow of intelligence" are experiencing great complications due to the lack of high-skilled and secondary education. That is why the "outflow of intelligence" is seen as the migration of highly skilled and talented specialists from poor and / or isolated countries to industrial centers. This process is permanent, and is steadily gaining momentum, increasing the flows of highly skilled migrants to the European Union States, and especially the United States of America.

Migration is an important phenomenon that deeply affects the lives of adolescents and paves the way for many emotional and behavioral problems. It is important for adolescents to go through the migration process without any problems in order for them to continue their lives in harmony with the society they have just joined and to continue their individual development in a healthy way. The aim of this study is to draw attention to the problems experienced by adolescents, who are in an interim period from childhood to adulthood, before, during and after migration, and what kind of practices can be implemented for these problems. For this purpose, the developmental characteristics of the adolescents involved in the migration process were emphasized in the study, the problems they experienced during the migration process were mentioned, and finally, various application suggestions for these problems were included. Adolescents may be exposed to different sources of stress with the migration process, and such exposures cause them to experience different levels of physical, biological and social problems. At the point of overcoming such problems that individuals face, the creation of implementations at different systems, including the educational settings, can help adolescents in the identity formation process to feel more self-confident and develop a positive sense of belonging.

The article presents the study results of the labor migration impact on the social and economic development of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to identify the opportunities and threats associated with labor migration and to formulate mechanisms that will facilitate the integration of the domestic labor market into the EU labor market. The study was conducted through the processing of the Ukrainian legislation, as well as international conventions of other normative acts, scientific publications on labor relations and migration, data of state statistics. As a result of the study, the reasons for the intensification of labor migration, the main areas of employment of the Ukrainians abroad are determined. The research showed that the main reason for labor migration is the lack of jobs and low wages. The common risks of migrant workers labor and social rights violation, such as informal employment, discrimination in wages, etc. are analyzed. The research identified opportunities and threats for migrants and society caused by the labor migration. More over, working abroad allows an individual not only to improve the financial position, but also to get new knowledge anf obtain professional skills, thus, increasing his own value in the labor market. The labor and social rights protection mechanism of the Ukrainians working abroad is offered. Further wage level increase, the development of small and medium-sized businesses, and the vocational training quality improvement will contribute to minimizing the possible negative consequences of labor migration for the society. The implementation of the mechanisms proposed in the article will contribute to the integration of the Ukrainian labor market into the EU's single labor market, allowing Ukrainian citizens to equal successfully realization of their professional and career ambitions both in their own country and abroad.

The relevance of this study is determined by the strengthening of migration processes, caused by the development and deepening of globalization and integration processes, and the emergence of the opposing processes. It has been indicated that migration processes influence greatly the direction and pace of development of the global and domestic economy, demographic processes in most countries, enhancement or reduction of the social standards, and other aspects of our lives. It has been determined that nowadays our country doesn't have any unified comprehensive concept of the migration policy that would give the country and its citizens opportunity to become high-grade members of the European Community, keep and fully protect their civil, labour and social rights and freedoms. The aim of the study is to analyze the modern migration policy of the European countries and to define recommendations on the strengthening of the communication between domestic and European migration policy. Methods of the systemic, structural analysis, logical analysis, factual analysis and situational approach have been used in order of achieving the stated aim. During the study it has been found that modern migration policy of the European countries is formed under the influence of the defined factors: demographics, significant changes in conditions of the modern labour market, increase of the intensity of external migration flows, military conflicts on the territory of Ukraine and Syria, deepening of the problem of international terrorism, permanent financial crisis in some countries of the European Union, the referendum in the UK on the decision to exit the EU. According to the results of the research, recommendations on the necessity to study and apply the fundamentals and principles of the European migration policies in defined spheres have been formed.

International migration is a global phenomenon, with its complexity, volume and influence on the economic development of countries constantly increasing. The aim of the article is to study the state of external migration processes in Ukraine and the world, analyze factors and main trends, determine the causes of external labor population migration and their consequences for the social and economic development of our country, reveal the existing threats and negative consequences of the international labor migration for the migrants and the economy of Ukraine. The methodology of researching the scope and dynamics of migration processes, the specific features of the migration policy development in Ukraine and the world is based on the application of general scientific and special methods of the scientific research: dialectical, systematic approaches, sociological survey, comparison, statistical analysis. A particular attention is paid to the identification of the social and economic causes and consequences of the international labor migration from Ukraine. The directions of the Ukrainian labor migration, taking into account the age groups and employment sectors of domestic labor migrants, are analyzed. The main approaches to improving the state migration policy based on the regulation of labor migration processes in Ukraine, slowing the dynamics of the population migration, the retention of the population number and structure at the level providing support for the territories economic development, improvement of the national international legislation, suspension of migration expenditures, creation of conditions for the cohort of Ukrainian citizens working abroad reverse migration, etc.