Suchergebnisse

The given paper touches upon the problem of German migration policy in contemporary period. The on-going processes allow us to conclude that the German migration paradigm has been changing as well as one of the most successful states in the European Union and as a state endowed with the greatest peace load after the crisis of 2008. The study gives the main qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the German migration policy in the 2000s. First of all, it is characterized by changes in the geography of migration flows. In 2004, with ten new countries entering the EU, the inflow of migrants from Eastern Europe countries began to increase. During this period, the number of immigrants from Poland has almost doubled. After Bulgaria and Romania joined the EU, the number of people from these countries also increased by more than three times. At the period of 2008 crisis, the inflow of migrants from Italy, Spain, Greece and the Balkan countries intensified; the number of migrants from Croatirapidly increasedafter this country joined the EU in 2013. The author analyzes the qualitative composition of migrants and concludes that, from the beginning of the 21st century, the working migration, having dominated for many decades, is gradually changing in favor of skilled workers' migration. The important role of universities in order to attract highly qualified specialists is substantiated. The migration impact on the labor market is studied with a special attention. It is due to the fact that, when arriving in the country and getting the opportunity to apply skills and realize their human capital, a migrant becomes a kind of investor in the hosting country economy, contributing to its growth. One of its main advantages is that, already having a certain set of knowledge and skills (the hosting country does not need to pay for his education), he can generate new knowledge, create innovations, thereby increasing the competitiveness of the recipient country economy. Germany has a policy of attracting highly qualified ...

The study of intraregional migration in Russia is complicated by short time series and a limited set of published data, particularly at the municipal level. The publicly available data allow only general evaluation of migration parameters, e. g. the migration turnover, the net migration features, etc. More complete data, for example, on movements between municipalities, could be obtained from the regional statistical offices on special requests. Based on such data on intraregional migration in the Altai Krai in 2014-2018, the hinterlands of the urban okrugs were identified, and some characteristics of those hinterlands were revealed.The migration turnover with ten urban okrugs of the region was calculated for urban and rural settlements of the Altai Krai. A settlement was attributed to the hinterland of a particular urban okrug basing on the maxi-mum migration turnover with it. The hinterlands were delimited in two ways, i.e. with and without considering the capital city of Barnaul. By this we evaluated how the exclusion of migration to/from the regional capital, which dominates the system of intraregional migration links, affects the migration preferences of settlement residents.The results of the study showed that the Barnaul hinterland includes more than half of the Krai's territory with approximately 60% of the region's population. The hinterlands of other cities are proportional to the population of their centers and are also influenced by their location in relation to the regional capital. Without considering Barnaul, several cities, such as Rubtsovsk and Slavgorod considerably expand their influence, while the hinterland of Biysk, the second-largest city in the region, changed only slightly. Despite the importance of the size of cities, the mutual disposition of subcenters and their location in relation to the regional center play a critical role in the intraregional migration. The study gives an idea of principal directions of inter-settlement migration in the Altai Krai.

The aim of this paper is to show the possibility of crafting a new theoretical model of international migration that would enable researchers to take into account the political settings of the early 21st century. In order to do so, the author firstly critically examines the mainstream theories of migration that dominate today's academic literature. As a result of this analysis, it is concluded that, despite of the fact that many of the proposed theoretical approaches are quite useful for understanding certain aspects of the migration process, when it comes to the task of analyzing international migration as a whole, no conceptual model exists. The paper demonstrates that apart from the theories that are focusing on only one of migration's dimensions, albeit the most significant from a particular disciplinary perspective, the introduction of a general model is a necessary step to reach a better understanding of the nature of contemporary migration processes. The author argues that such a model can be constructed using the theory of structural violence proposed by Johan Galtung and the concepts of human development and human security.

The increasing migration of population in the world is one of the urgent international problems. States make efforts to counter the illegal migration and to help people seeking asylum. This problem is the most challenging to tackle in the sea. The article reveals the contents of international cooperation and the role of international law in this field. The specific features of tackling illegal migration are analyzed within the various marine spaces: in inland waters, in the territorial sea and in the open sea. The issues of international cooperation on suffering refugees and other migrants in danger on the sea have been studied as well. International legal and organizational issues facing the world community are introduced and their separate solutions are offered. In the authors' opinion, the activities of states regarding migrants should be carried out in compliance with their legal status and particular situation. In any case, the migrants' status must be defined not on the sea but on the shore. If some people are in danger, they must be helped notwithstanding the legal status of the persons being rescued. Measures of criminal liability and other measures according to the legislation of states and international commitments must be applied to illegal migration organizers. It is important that the rules of international law, international organizations and international bodies recommendations that deal with the problems of migration should be carried out at the national level by means of upgrading related laws. It is also important to work out and to upgrade the subordinate regulatory legal acts concerning the questions of illegal sea migration counteraction, measures taken towards refugees and other asylum seekers, being present on board of the ships in distress. Accordingly, the issue is to be solved as to the attitude of states towards the migrants on board of the watercraft that do not comply with the seafaring security requirements that means that they are potentially in danger.

Статья посвящена социально-политическому анализу причин усиления трудовой миграции в глобальном масштабе. Социально-экономические решения проблемы трудовой миграции на современном этапе его развития.

в статье рассматриваются цели ; стоящие перед российским законодательством в области регулирования международной трудовой миграции. Приводится краткая характеристика текущего состояния законодательства ; положительные и отрицательные моменты. Авторами сравниваются две системы регулирования потока мигрантов ; отмечаются их особенности. ; the article deals with purposes facing to Russian legislation in the field of regulation of international labor migration. The current state of legislation is briefly described ; the positive and negative aspects are considered. The authors compared two migrant flow control systems and outlined their features.

The paper considers four kinematic migration algorithms (procedures for converting the arrival
times of reflected waves to the Earth's surface into the depths of the reflecting boundaries) using medium-velocity
and reservoir velocity models of layered media: a standard algorithm for converting times to depths through aver-
age velocities; a modified medium-velocity algorithm that takes into account the slope of seismic boundaries; an
algorithm for layer-by-layer recalculation of t0 lines to depths; a variational kinematic migration algorithm based
on the theory of ray tracing by integrating a system of differential equations with specified initial conditions by the
Runge–Kutta method. To study the possibilities and limitations of each of the algorithms, calculations were carried
out on a number of theoretical models of layered media that approximate real geological situations. Based on the
results of numerical experiments using the four kinematic migration algorithms considered in the paper, conclusions
were drawn about the effectiveness of using each of the algorithms to restore geological boundaries in media models
of varying complexity.

Статья посвящена одному событию в древней истории, которое много раз исследовалось и комментировалось, когда германские племена кимвры и тевтоны осуществили многолетнее перемещение в пространстве Центральной Европы, которое можно назвать «первым переселением народов». Они были разгромлены Римом, но это событие вызвало мощное движение других племен, особенно в сторону Восточной Европы, где образовалось много новых археологических культур. Среди них особое значение имеет зарубинецкая культура и её роль в истории Восточной Европы.
The article is devoted to an event in ancient history, which has been studied and commented on many times, when the Germanic tribes of the Cimbri and Teutons carried out a long-term movement in the space of Central Europe, which can be called the "first migration of peoples". They were defeated by Rome, but this event caused a powerful movement of other tribes, especially towards Eastern Europe, where many new archaeological cultures were formed. Among them, a special place is occupied by the Zarubinets culture and its place in the history of Eastern Europe.

The article deals with the problem of intellectual migration (exodus of the highly-skilled personnel, especially in the ield of science and technology), in relation to the three emerging economies: China, India and Russia. A brief historical outline of policy in relation to the "brain drain" is presented, and the experience of the three above-mentioned countries in the ield of intellectual migration management is compared. The basic timeframe of the study is from 1990s to the mid-late 2000s, with some remarks about past decades and future prospects. Among the three examples of migration management the Chinese experience seems more systematical and includes a wide range of instruments for reversing the "brain drain" process. Indian "talent circulation" policy is more fragmented, despite obvious efforts of the government to put it in the strict conceptual framework. In the Russian Federation the "brain drain" policy is yet in the making, and range of appropriate instruments for "circulation of talents" management is to be developed. The inal conclusion is that the dynamics of perception of the "brain drain" phenomenon is generally of a similar character in all three cases: an initial negative attitude and attempts to restrict intellectual migration change over time to the recognition of the "brain drain" inevitability and the transition to a "talent circulation" policy begins, i. e., the using of intellectual diaspora resources for development of the national economy and S&T system.

International migration has become an integral part of the globalization process and came to the fore on the agenda of world politics. During the given research a large amount of statistical material has been processed and visualized to assess capacity and nature of labor markets in Russia and countries - members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The basic trends, forming the key aspects of the State migration policy in this sector of economy, which are the factors of competitiveness and implementation of the program of import substitution are identified. ; Международная миграция стала неотъемлемой частью процесса глобализации и вышла на первый план в повестке дня мировой политики. В ходе данного исследования был обработан и визуализирован большой объем статистического материала для оценки емкости и характера рынков труда России и государств – членов ШОС. Выявлены основные в данном секторе экономики тренды, формирующие ключевые аспекты миграционной политики государства, которые являются факторами обеспечения конкурентоспособности и реализации программы импортозамещения.

International migration has become an integral part of the globalization process and came to the fore on the agenda of world politics. During the given research a large amount of statistical material has been processed and visualized to assess capacity and nature of labor markets in Russia and countries - members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The basic trends, forming the key aspects of the State migration policy in this sector of economy, which are the factors of competitiveness and implementation of the program of import substitution are identified. ; Международная миграция стала неотъемлемой частью процесса глобализации и вышла на первый план в повестке дня мировой политики. В ходе данного исследования был обработан и визуализирован большой объем статистического материала для оценки емкости и характера рынков труда России и государств – членов ШОС. Выявлены основные в данном секторе экономики тренды, формирующие ключевые аспекты миграционной политики государства, которые являются факторами обеспечения конкурентоспособности и реализации программы импортозамещения.

Ecologo-geographical differentiation and dynamics of spring migration of water and semiaquatic birds of the Putorana Plateau are analyzed. Eight points were surveyed in the northern, southern, western and eastern parts of the region on the total area of 250 000 km², applying the method of route census. The water and semiaquatic avifauna of the Putorana Plateau during the spring migration period includes 68 species. The birds fly in north, east and west directions. They make stops at the river deltas that thaw out early. Bird population density at stops is from 15 to 227, on average (n = 8) 94 ind./1 km of coastline. The population of birds on lakes is always much smaller than on the adjacent river sections. The entire spring migration of water and semiaquatic birds on the Putorana Plateau takes place from May 19 to June 27 and lasts on average (n = 10) 23 days. The main passage runs from May 25 to June 17 and lasts on average (n = 8) 7 days. Spring migration is most intense in the west of the Putorana Plateau, where at least 20 000-30 000 individuals of water and semiaquatic birds fly through the surveyed points. There are 19 species among the dominants of water and semiaquatic habitats, including Eurasian Wigeon, Common Teal, Greytaild Tattler, Northern Pintail and Little Stint.

Для современной России актуальной и по-прежнему острой является задача сохранения и повышения численности населения. Рассмотрение естественного движения населения как единственного и абсолютного решения данной задачи невозможно. В связи с этим становится необходимой реализация научно-обоснованной миграционной политики, наряду со стимулированием процессов воспроизводства населения. С целью обоснования данного положения исследована текущая ситуация в сфере внутренней миграции в России, проведен анализ факторов межрегиональных миграционных потоков. В качестве основных были использованы следующие методы исследования: статистический, описательный, аналитический. По итогам исследования выявлены причины существующей внутренней миграции, определены факторы, ограничивающие внутреннюю мобильность трудовых ресурсов. Установлено, что в отличие от развитых стран внутренняя миграция не рассматривается правительством РФ как реальный инструмент выравнивания межрегиональной дифференциации показателей социально-экономического развития. Сделан вывод о необходимости усиления контроля и ужесточения управления миграционными процессами в России. ; For modern Russia the problem of preservation and growth of population is still relevant. It is impossible to consider the natural movement of the population as a unique and absolute solution of the problem. In this regard, it is necessary to implement the scientifically grounded migration policy along with the stimulation of population reproduction. To substantiate this position the authors have studied the current situation in internal migration in Russia and have analyzed the factors of inter-regional migration flows. Statistics, descriptive, analytical methods of research were used as the main ones. The survey revealed the causes of the current internal migration, the factors limiting the internal mobility of labor resources. It was found out that unlike the developed countries the government of the Russian Federation does not consider the internal migration as a real instrument of equalization of regional differentiation of socio-economic development. The authors made the conclusion on the need to strengthen control and toughen the management of migration processes in Russia.

Статья посвящена изучению этнокультурных аспектов миграционных процессов. В качестве предмета исследования выступает этнокультурная политика государств-реципиентов. По убеждению автора, последствия миграции во многом определяются содержанием этой политики. Цель исследования – экспликация основных типов этнокультурной политики миграции, выявление их конструктивной или деструктивной направленности. Методологическая основа исследования – метод идеальной типизации, нацеленный на формирование системы идеальных типов этнокультурной политики. Выделяются три основных типа этнокультурной политики государств-реципиентов, названные по аналогии с формами речевой организации: монолог, полилог, диалог. Демонстрируется, что в рамках монолога и полилога возможны как изоляционистские, так и ассимиляционные тенденции. Обозначенные идеальные типы этнокультурной политики соотносятся с такими феноменами, как сегрегация, ассимиляция, мультикультурализм, плюралистическая интеграция. Демонстрируется их явная или латентная деструктивность. В качестве основного недостатка этнокультурной политики монолога и полилога выявляется отсутствие «срединной культуры». Утверждается, что единственно продуктивным типом этнокультурной политики является диалог, в котором синтезируются идеи культурного разнообразия и культурного единства. Диалог рассматривается как этнокультурная политика, направленная не только на сохранение и развитие культуры мигрантов, но и на построение «срединной культуры». Автором констатируется, что предлагаемые идеальные типы этнокультурной политики есть инструменты анализа реальных миграционных процессов. Полученные посредством их использования знания могут служить предупреждением о реальных или потенциальных деструктивных феноменах в сфере миграционных процессов, а также указывать пути их преодоления, урегулирования. ; The article is devoted to ethno-cultural aspects of migration processes. As the subject of the research, the ethno-cultural policy of recipient states is studied. According to the author, the effects of migration are largely determined by the content of this policy. The purpose of the research is the explication of the main types of ethno-cultural politics of migration, revealing their constructive or destructive direction. Methodological basis of the study is the ideal typing, aimed at the formation of the ideal types of ethno-cultural policy. There are three main types of cultural policy in recipient countries: a monologue, a polylogue, a dialogue. This article demonstrates that in the framework of a monologue and polylogue both isolationist and assimilationist tendencies are possible. Marked ideal types of ethno-cultural policy relate to such phenomena as segregation, assimilation, multiculturalism and pluralistic integration. The author demonstrates their explicit or latent destructiveness. In conclusion, it is noted that the proposed ideal types of ethno-cultural policies are the tools of the analysis of actual migration processes. Knowledge, generated by its use, can serve as a warning about the possible destructive phenomena in the sphere of migration processes, and to specify ways of their overcoming.

We consider a description and analysis of linguistic, ethnic, cultural heterogeneity issues, with an emphasis on the economic and social consequences of the resulting conflicts. We focus on language, ethnic and cultural differences influence on the processes of emergence, or increase of the potential conflicts in the context of social and economic dimensions. We also take into account income inequality and migration, as the most important factors influencing the dynamics of these processes. The approaches to the theoretical description and empirical evaluation are based on basic economic criteria, which allows to achieve a more complete and accurate description of the studied complex social processes. We pay special attention to the case studies reflecting the peculiarities of the studied heterogeneity issues.