Suchergebnisse

Tijekom lipnja i srpnja 2018. godine provedeno je arheološko istraživanje na lokalitetu Pakrac – Stari grad u samome centru grada Pakraca. Istraživanja su bila usredotočena na lani pronađeni objekt u sondi 1 – ostatke gotičke ivanovačke kapele. Potvrđeno je da raspolažemo s ostacima najmanje dviju njenih faza gradnje. U prvoj fazi, koja se prema značajkama arhitekture datira u 13. stoljeće, kapela je građena od fino obrađenih klesanaca, zidovi su bili ojačani potpornjacima s vanjske i lezenama s unutarnje strane. U jugozapadnome kutu iz kapele se ulazilo u vretenasto stubište. Istočni, zaključni zid kapele nalazi se još uvijek izvan sonde, tako da njen potpuni tlocrt još nije poznat. Sačuvani su i drugi interesantni detalji, primjerice utori za zasune kojima su se osiguravala vrata glavnoga ulaza u kapelu te ona prema stubištu, kao i baze polustupova prislonjenih uz lezene. Druga sigurna graditeljska faza kapele najbolje se reprezentira otkrivenim bazama portala koji su prislonjeni na pročelni zid gotičke kapele oko 1500. godine. Istovremeno su svi zidovi podebljani te im je debljina gotovo udvostručena. Nameće se pretpostavka da je ova građevina pretvorena u "crkvu-utvrdu" zidova debljine 2,80–2,90 m, što i ne bi bilo neobično s obzirom na približavanje osmanlijske opasnosti. Nekako u isto vrijeme je, čini se, građena i pakračka utvrda s kružnim kulama na uglovima nepravilnoga peterokuta. U otprilike isto vrijeme, u 15. stoljeću, položena je i podnica od opeke sačuvana u zapadnome dijelu broda, gdje se nazire i prvi do sada uočeni grob. Da je ova građevina imala i svoju post-sakralnu namjenu, potvrđuju brojne životinjske kosti pronađene u njoj. ; In June and July 2018, archaeological research was done on the site of Pakrac – Stari Grad, in the very centre of the town of Pakrac. The research focused on the structure that was found in trench 1 in the previous year: the remains of a Gothic chapel of the Order of Saint John. It was confirmed that the remains originated from at least two construction phases. In the first phase, which was dated to the 13th century on the basis of architectural features, the chapel was built from finely cut stones, and the walls were reinforced by supports on the outside and lesenes on the inside. In the south-west corner, there was the entrance from the chapel to the spindle stairs. The eastern, final wall of the chapel is still outside the trench, so that its complete ground plan is still unknown. Other interesting details have been preserved, such as the slots for bolts securing the door of the main entrance to the chapel and the staircase door, as well as the bases of the pilasters leaning against the lesenes. The other certain construction phase of the chapel is best represented by the discovered bases of the portal, which were put against the front wall of the Gothic chapel around the year 1500. At the same time, all the walls were made almost twice as thick. This leads to the hypothesis that the structure was turned into a "fortress church", with walls 280–290 cm thick, which would not be strange considering the approach of the Ottoman threat. The Pakrac fortress, with round towers on the corners of an irregular pentagon, seems to have been built more or less at the same time. It was also in the 15th century that builders laid the brick floor preserved in the west part of the nave, where there are traces of the only grave found so far. A post-sacral purpose of the structure is confirmed by the numerous finds of animal bones.

NATO's military action in Yugoslavia is a pivotal event that is going to leave an indelible impact on the future direction of international relations. The author first analyzes the underlying causes of the campaign, among which were the international community's resolve to finally punish Milosevic, be instrumental in eliminating his regime, drive out Russian interests from the Balkans, & espouse a positive stance toward Muslim countries, as well as the internal political American reason: the desire to strengthen President Clinton's position. This action has also had a manifold significance for the new world order, since it poses the questions of the world order's content, nature, leadership, & norms in a new light. In the process of establishing the new post-Cold-War relations, various tendencies that will pave the way to the new millennium will clash. On the one hand, there will be the exclusive approach based on force & interests, & on the other, the desire to establish the relations in which human rights will be the fundamental criterion for assessing the suitability of a country for a full membership in the newly unified international community. Adapted from the source document.

ICT industry has decisive impact on the articulation of American national interests in cyberspace. The private sector presents itself as a guardian of privacy rights against criminal intrusions and possible government's misuse. But in reality certain initiatives for closer cooperation between private sector and government at the expense of privacy rights have come from ICT industry. This article presents the evolution of public-private partnership in cybersecurity issues. The partnership resulted in the establishment of a military-cyber-industrial complex which significantly influenced the drafting of CISPA and ACTA documents. Presidential Policy Directive 20 expresses to a much greater extent the interests of ICT industry than the values and purposes of International Strategy for Cyberspace. Adapted from the source document.

ICT industry has decisive impact on the articulation of American national interests in cyberspace. The private sector presents itself as a guardian of privacy rights against criminal intrusions and possible government's misuse. But in reality certain initiatives for closer cooperation between private sector and government at the expense of privacy rights have come from ICT industry. This article presents the evolution of public-private partnership in cybersecurity issues. The partnership resulted in the establishment of a military-cyber-industrial complex which significantly influenced the drafting of CISPA and ACTA documents. Presidential Policy Directive 20 expresses to a much greater extent the interests of ICT industry than the values and purposes of International Strategy for Cyberspace. Adapted from the source document.

Članak se bavi korelacijom diplomatske profesije i etičkog ponašanja. Pomoću tri ključna momenta u povijesti diplomatske profesije, autor razmatra mogućnost etičkog djelovanja u okvirima diplomacije i vanjskih poslova. Kao prvi moment se uzima Machiavellijevo pisanje o ulozi poslanika u stranom kraljevstvu kako bi se pojasnilo, a kasnije i usporedilo, njegovo viđenje poslaničkih dužnosti u odnosu na današnje. Nadalje se, pomoću važnih povijesnih događaja i razmišljanja teoretičara, prikazuju i analiziraju moralne dileme u diplomaciji. Završni dio se odnosi na uspostavu Dissent Channela u State Departmentu koji je važan jer je, makar prividno, pružio priliku američkim diplomatima da djeluju prema savjesti. ; The paper is focused on correlation between diplomatic profession and ethical behaviour. Using three main moments in the history of diplomatic profession, the author is considering possibility of ethical behaviour in terms of diplomacy and foreign affairs. The first moment is based on Machiavelli's view on the role of representative in foreign kingdom in order to explain and later to compare his vision with current vision of representative's duties. Further on, using important historic events and thoughts of theorists, paper shows and analyzes moral dillemas in diplomacy. The final part is focused on establishing Dissent Channel in the State Department which is important because it seemingly gave American diplomats opportunity to act according to their consciousness.

The three-year war seriously undermined religious solidarity on which Vatican's political influence in the world was based. That is why Pope Benedict XV opted for a peace initiative hoping to find the base for a lasting peace. His sympathies lied with the Central Powers, so the Vatican's peace note was composed in that vein. The note was supposed to be passed on by GB to its allies. During these British-Vatican contacts, one had an impression that GB was particularly interested in Belgian independence. The Vatican diplomacy strongly pressured Berlin to renounce Belgium as a stepping stone to peace. The German military leadership was not in the mood for compromises regarding this, but on the basis of the Vatican's counsel, the new German foreign minister Kuhlmann tried to get into contact with GB as the first step to universal peace talks. However, this attempt also led to an impasse because of the unreadiness of both warring parties to forego their war goals in favor of a compromising peace. 12 References. Adapted from the source document.

Knjiga naslova Vojna Dalmacija u 19. stoljeću - Vojska, teritorijalne snage, žandarmerija (1797.-1914.) autora Tade Oršolića znanstvena je knjiga koja se bavi vojnom poviješću Dalmacije razmatranog perioda. Autor je znanstvenom metodologijom na temelju arhivskih izvora i stručne literature obradio ustroj i djelovanje kopnene vojske i žandarmerije u Dalmacija u razdoblju od 1797., dakle od prve austrijske uprave, pa do početka Prvoga svjetskog rata 1914. Ukratko, knjiga se sastoji od sedam naslova/poglavlja, od kojih se svaki dijeli na više podnaslova: Uvod (gdje se govori o ustroju vojske za mletačke i prve austrijske uprave), Razdoblje francuske uprave (1806.-1813.) (o Dalmatinskoj kraljevskoj pukovniji i sudjelovanju u ratovima 1809. i 1812., otočnoj straži, teritorijalnim snagama, vojnom ustroju u okviru Ilirskih provincija), Dalmacija do uvođenja opće vojne obveze (1868.) (o teritorijalnom i vojnom ustroju Dalmacije, o podjeli, novačenju i ustroju vojske u Habsburškoj Monarhiji).

"Autori zaslužuju svaku pohvalu na njihovom velikom zalaganju da se čitaocima pruži na jednom mjestu cjelovita slika vojnog aspekta narodnooslobodilačke borbe naroda Hrvatske i svih okolnosti (međunarodnih i jugoslavenskih), u kojima se odvijala velika, povijesna antifašistička borba na širokom prostoru Europe i svijeta, posebno u okviru antifašističke narodnooslobodilačke borbe naroda Jugoslavije. Predlažem da se ovo vrijedno djelo objavi?""?Kronologija narodnooslobodilačke borbe naroda Hrvatske autora Josipa Skupnjaka i Dragutina Mrkocija vrijedan je doprinos boljem uvidu u razvoj narodnooslobodilačke borbe naroda Jugoslavije, u okviru kojeg su istaknuto mjesto imali narodi Hrvatske. Autori su uložili veliki trud da iz opširne građe o narodnooslobodilačkom ratu Hrvatske izvuku i sistematiziraju značajne datume i događaje vezane za razvoj ustanka, narodnooslobodilačke borbe i formiranje jedinica Narodnooslobodilačke vojske i partizanskih odreda Hrvatske.