Suchergebnisse

The information revolution is changing the international system and the security environment in which we live. The state is loosing its monopoly of power in a global information space where, with the help of new technologies, people create their wellbeing and where, by means of the same modern technologies, military conflicts of a new type are occurring. The Western civilisation conception of a military conflict, based on the Clause-witz model where leaders set political goals and control soldiers; soldiers fight directly and become lawful targets of violence; and civilians do not participate in the conflict, but support their leaders by paying taxes and backing their political goals, is falling apart. A conflict of the information age is, in a sense, a "pre-Westphalian" conflict where crimes against civilians and the internal order of the state were the norm. The question arises of how the state may ensure the security of its citizens. The great powers try to find an answer in the strategies and programs of information operations. A great amount of attention is given to the public information of the state during a conflict, as well as to information security. In the latter sphere, Lithuania has already made its first steps; however, Lithuania needs to learn the principles of public information not only during conflict, but also during peacetime.

This dissertation provides an overall in-depth use evaluation methodology that assists in analysing of military aeronautical maps, sign system and records. On the basis of this research of signs and their conventions an optimised map and content of a unified Lithuanian military aeronautical database structures is suggested for improvement. Methodically prepared research was collected and based on already established and consistent thematic maps, signs and carto-semiotic assessment practices already used in Lithuania. A variety of illustrations and aspect assessments established an accurate and in-depth aeronautical value of signs and their practices. The analysis highlighted that not all carto-semiotic characters and signs of military aeronautical charts meet the criteria, and therefore could be changed. Previous military aeronautical sign analysis and their improvements were based on exercises of psycho-physiological studies of perception with their conclusions. Therefore a set of new aeronautical map characters that fully comply with psycho-physiological research recommendations are proposed. Through the examination of NATO's military aeronautical maps, charts and a look at a unified system of classifications, and its requirements, the dissertation summarises the overall work of the NATO's military aeronautical maps and their classifications, which provides the possibility of integration for the newly emerging sign and map groups.

This dissertation provides an overall in-depth use evaluation methodology that assists in analysing of military aeronautical maps, sign system and records. On the basis of this research of signs and their conventions an optimised map and content of a unified Lithuanian military aeronautical database structures is suggested for improvement. Methodically prepared research was collected and based on already established and consistent thematic maps, signs and carto-semiotic assessment practices already used in Lithuania. A variety of illustrations and aspect assessments established an accurate and in-depth aeronautical value of signs and their practices. The analysis highlighted that not all carto-semiotic characters and signs of military aeronautical charts meet the criteria, and therefore could be changed. Previous military aeronautical sign analysis and their improvements were based on exercises of psycho-physiological studies of perception with their conclusions. Therefore a set of new aeronautical map characters that fully comply with psycho-physiological research recommendations are proposed. Through the examination of NATO's military aeronautical maps, charts and a look at a unified system of classifications, and its requirements, the dissertation summarises the overall work of the NATO's military aeronautical maps and their classifications, which provides the possibility of integration for the newly emerging sign and map groups.

This dissertation provides an overall in-depth use evaluation methodology that assists in analysing of military aeronautical maps, sign system and records. On the basis of this research of signs and their conventions an optimised map and content of a unified Lithuanian military aeronautical database structures is suggested for improvement. Methodically prepared research was collected and based on already established and consistent thematic maps, signs and carto-semiotic assessment practices already used in Lithuania. A variety of illustrations and aspect assessments established an accurate and in-depth aeronautical value of signs and their practices. The analysis highlighted that not all carto-semiotic characters and signs of military aeronautical charts meet the criteria, and therefore could be changed. Previous military aeronautical sign analysis and their improvements were based on exercises of psycho-physiological studies of perception with their conclusions. Therefore a set of new aeronautical map characters that fully comply with psycho-physiological research recommendations are proposed. Through the examination of NATO's military aeronautical maps, charts and a look at a unified system of classifications, and its requirements, the dissertation summarises the overall work of the NATO's military aeronautical maps and their classifications, which provides the possibility of integration for the newly emerging sign and map groups.

This dissertation provides an overall in-depth use evaluation methodology that assists in analysing of military aeronautical maps, sign system and records. On the basis of this research of signs and their conventions an optimised map and content of a unified Lithuanian military aeronautical database structures is suggested for improvement. Methodically prepared research was collected and based on already established and consistent thematic maps, signs and carto-semiotic assessment practices already used in Lithuania. A variety of illustrations and aspect assessments established an accurate and in-depth aeronautical value of signs and their practices. The analysis highlighted that not all carto-semiotic characters and signs of military aeronautical charts meet the criteria, and therefore could be changed. Previous military aeronautical sign analysis and their improvements were based on exercises of psycho-physiological studies of perception with their conclusions. Therefore a set of new aeronautical map characters that fully comply with psycho-physiological research recommendations are proposed. Through the examination of NATO's military aeronautical maps, charts and a look at a unified system of classifications, and its requirements, the dissertation summarises the overall work of the NATO's military aeronautical maps and their classifications, which provides the possibility of integration for the newly emerging sign and map groups.

The article presents the activities of the History Section of the Society of Military Sciences by also looking back at the predecessor of this organization – short-lived Society of the Founders of Military Sciences and some fragmentary information about its functioning. It addresses the activities of the individuals who initiated the research in military history during the interwar period under the umbrella of the society. The persons who took an active part in the (Military) History Section are identified; their academic interests as well as potential research fields and achievements are discussed in the article. At the same time, the article reveals the stagnation of the activities of the Society of Military Sciences and also its History Section about five years after its establishment and the eventual similar period of vegetation when the organization practically ceased to function and was incorporated into the Lithuanian Officers' Club.

The article presents the activities of the History Section of the Society of Military Sciences by also looking back at the predecessor of this organization – short-lived Society of the Founders of Military Sciences and some fragmentary information about its functioning. It addresses the activities of the individuals who initiated the research in military history during the interwar period under the umbrella of the society. The persons who took an active part in the (Military) History Section are identified; their academic interests as well as potential research fields and achievements are discussed in the article. At the same time, the article reveals the stagnation of the activities of the Society of Military Sciences and also its History Section about five years after its establishment and the eventual similar period of vegetation when the organization practically ceased to function and was incorporated into the Lithuanian Officers' Club.

Abandoned military sites is an important issue in whole Eastern Europe as after the Cold War here many military objects have been desolated. The conversion of these sites is studied in the master thesis. The paper consists of an introduction, 3 chapters, conclusions and annexes. In the first chapter the publications of European conversion organisations and USA department of defence are researched besides the other relevant documents related to XIXth–XXth c. military sites value, touristic potential, possibilities for conversion, conversion actors, management structure, financing mechanisms, specific marketing strategies, supporting organisations and conversion models. In the second chapter the information is colligated and accessed and a new model for a supporting conversion database is formed. In the third chapter the Additive Ratio Assessment (Aras) Method in Multicriteria Decision-Making is applied to compare 29 realised conversion projects. Paper has 129 pages (annexes included), 36 pictures, 31 tables, 97 bibliographical sources, 3 annexes.

Abandoned military sites is an important issue in whole Eastern Europe as after the Cold War here many military objects have been desolated. The conversion of these sites is studied in the master thesis. The paper consists of an introduction, 3 chapters, conclusions and annexes. In the first chapter the publications of European conversion organisations and USA department of defence are researched besides the other relevant documents related to XIXth–XXth c. military sites value, touristic potential, possibilities for conversion, conversion actors, management structure, financing mechanisms, specific marketing strategies, supporting organisations and conversion models. In the second chapter the information is colligated and accessed and a new model for a supporting conversion database is formed. In the third chapter the Additive Ratio Assessment (Aras) Method in Multicriteria Decision-Making is applied to compare 29 realised conversion projects. Paper has 129 pages (annexes included), 36 pictures, 31 tables, 97 bibliographical sources, 3 annexes.

The proper tax system secures the implementation of main functions in each country. Each State has a macroeconomic task to create such a system that would satisfy the payers and users of State's budget. Different scientists, economists, political parties and political ideologies see different advantages and disadvantages of certain taxes. Thus it is a difficult task to create the right tax system in the State, and it is being constantly solved in many world countries. The main purpose of this work is to analyze the influence of Lithuanian tax basis on business. The work discusses the concept of tax system, analyzes main tax theories, functions and elements of taxes. The researches that have been doe in the world and in Lithuania in the area of taxes are being analyzed. The Lithuanian tax system, the tax reform implanted in the beginning of the year 2009 and its influence on the possibilities of development of Lithuanian business are analyzed. Besides, the connection between the Lithuanian GDP and budgetary tax returns and their interdependency are analyzed. After the research on the influence of taxes on the business development have been done, the conclusions are made that the Lithuanian tax system does not create proper conditions for the possibilities of business development and that the tax reform implanted in the beginning of the year 2009 has negative impact on the Lithuanian business and entire national economics. According to the done researches, the business representatives are not the only ones to have negative opinion about the tax reform. The negative indexes of national economics also show the worsening condition of domestic business and aggravating possibilities or business development. The work has 20 pictures and 9 tables. The total amount of the work is 60 pages. 60 bibliographical sources were used to write the work.

The proper tax system secures the implementation of main functions in each country. Each State has a macroeconomic task to create such a system that would satisfy the payers and users of State's budget. Different scientists, economists, political parties and political ideologies see different advantages and disadvantages of certain taxes. Thus it is a difficult task to create the right tax system in the State, and it is being constantly solved in many world countries. The main purpose of this work is to analyze the influence of Lithuanian tax basis on business. The work discusses the concept of tax system, analyzes main tax theories, functions and elements of taxes. The researches that have been doe in the world and in Lithuania in the area of taxes are being analyzed. The Lithuanian tax system, the tax reform implanted in the beginning of the year 2009 and its influence on the possibilities of development of Lithuanian business are analyzed. Besides, the connection between the Lithuanian GDP and budgetary tax returns and their interdependency are analyzed. After the research on the influence of taxes on the business development have been done, the conclusions are made that the Lithuanian tax system does not create proper conditions for the possibilities of business development and that the tax reform implanted in the beginning of the year 2009 has negative impact on the Lithuanian business and entire national economics. According to the done researches, the business representatives are not the only ones to have negative opinion about the tax reform. The negative indexes of national economics also show the worsening condition of domestic business and aggravating possibilities or business development. The work has 20 pictures and 9 tables. The total amount of the work is 60 pages. 60 bibliographical sources were used to write the work.

Cohesion, team trust, stress, perceived Self and collective efficacy are considered to be significant factors of military teams performance efficacy. Still it is not clear, what the interaction between these factors are and in what way they predict performance efficacy. For the purpose of the study three questionnaires were developed: Perceived Military Stress, Perceived Military Self –efficacy and Perceived Military Collective Efficacy questionnaires, two scales of other authors were adapted to Lithuanian military population. 160 soldiers of Lithuanian professional military, belonging to 28 military teams (sections) took part in the research. It was estimated that cohesion, team trust, perceived Self and Collective efficacy are related to performance efficacy. Path model proves, that perceived collective efficacy is the most important variable predicting military team's performance efficacy and stress. Team's performance efficacy can also be predicted by cohesion, team trust and perceived Self - efficacy, but these factors predict performance efficacy not directly, but through perceived collective efficacy. Besides, higher levels of perceived Self and collective efficacy characterize person with international operation experience. Privates tend to experience higher levels of stress and to trust their teams less to compare to junior privates. Commanders of the section and their subjects evaluate their teams similar.

Cohesion, team trust, stress, perceived Self and collective efficacy are considered to be significant factors of military teams performance efficacy. Still it is not clear, what the interaction between these factors are and in what way they predict performance efficacy. For the purpose of the study three questionnaires were developed: Perceived Military Stress, Perceived Military Self–efficacy and Perceived Military Collective Efficacy questionnaires, two scales of other authors were adapted to Lithuanian military population. 160 soldiers of Lithuanian professional military, belonging to 28 military teams (sections) took part in the research. It was estimated that cohesion, team trust, perceived Self and Collective efficacy are related to performance efficacy. Path model proves, that perceived collective efficacy is the most important variable predicting military team's performance efficacy and stress. Team's performance efficacy can also be predicted by cohesion, team trust and perceived Self - efficacy, but these factors predict performance efficacy not directly, but through perceived collective efficacy. Besides, higher levels of perceived Self and collective efficacy characterize person with international operation experience. Privates tend to experience higher levels of stress and to trust their teams less to compare to junior privates. Commanders of the section and their subjects evaluate their teams similar.

Cohesion, team trust, stress, perceived Self and collective efficacy are considered to be significant factors of military teams performance efficacy. Still it is not clear, what the interaction between these factors are and in what way they predict performance efficacy. For the purpose of the study three questionnaires were developed: Perceived Military Stress, Perceived Military Self –efficacy and Perceived Military Collective Efficacy questionnaires, two scales of other authors were adapted to Lithuanian military population. 160 soldiers of Lithuanian professional military, belonging to 28 military teams (sections) took part in the research. It was estimated that cohesion, team trust, perceived Self and Collective efficacy are related to performance efficacy. Path model proves, that perceived collective efficacy is the most important variable predicting military team's performance efficacy and stress. Team's performance efficacy can also be predicted by cohesion, team trust and perceived Self - efficacy, but these factors predict performance efficacy not directly, but through perceived collective efficacy. Besides, higher levels of perceived Self and collective efficacy characterize person with international operation experience. Privates tend to experience higher levels of stress and to trust their teams less to compare to junior privates. Commanders of the section and their subjects evaluate their teams similar.

Cohesion, team trust, stress, perceived Self and collective efficacy are considered to be significant factors of military teams performance efficacy. Still it is not clear, what the interaction between these factors are and in what way they predict performance efficacy. For the purpose of the study three questionnaires were developed: Perceived Military Stress, Perceived Military Self–efficacy and Perceived Military Collective Efficacy questionnaires, two scales of other authors were adapted to Lithuanian military population. 160 soldiers of Lithuanian professional military, belonging to 28 military teams (sections) took part in the research. It was estimated that cohesion, team trust, perceived Self and Collective efficacy are related to performance efficacy. Path model proves, that perceived collective efficacy is the most important variable predicting military team's performance efficacy and stress. Team's performance efficacy can also be predicted by cohesion, team trust and perceived Self - efficacy, but these factors predict performance efficacy not directly, but through perceived collective efficacy. Besides, higher levels of perceived Self and collective efficacy characterize person with international operation experience. Privates tend to experience higher levels of stress and to trust their teams less to compare to junior privates. Commanders of the section and their subjects evaluate their teams similar.