Suchergebnisse

Soil, as the primary receptor of anthropogenic urban contamination acts as a sink for a variety of toxic and other hazardous substances. It constitutes, therefore, an indicator of contamination and may be utilised geochemically to assess environmental quality of urban and suburban areas. In Nafplion, an urban and suburban area of 50 km2 , was investigated using for the first time in Hellas an integrated approach with all available geoscientific techniques to make an in-depth environmental impact assessment. One of these techniques was applied geochemistry, which mapped the geochemistry of surface soil (0-10 cm) with 144 samples, collected on a regular grid of 500 x 500 km. The following fifty determinands were measured on the soil samples: Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ge, Hg, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Re, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, Ta, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W, Y, Zn, Zr, pH, electrical conductivity and grain-size distribution. The aim of the geochemical study was to distinguish, as far as possible, the origin of chemical elements, and (i) to classify them as geogenic or anthropogenic; (ii) to delineate contaminated areas, and (iii) to assess potential future impacts of human activities on soil. Interpretation of the resulting geochemical patterns has shown that those of Al, Fe, Be, Ce, Cr, Co, Ga, Ge, K, La, Li, Mg, Nb, Ni, Rb, Sc, Sr, Tl, V, Y, W and Zr are of geogenic origin, since they are directly related to parent rocks, whereas patterns of As, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Cu, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sn, Th, U and Zn are interpreted as being of dual origin, geogenic and anthropogenic. In this paper, the geochemical distribution of only five elements shall be described, i.e., Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and Na. This case study was indeed very interesting, since for the interpretation of some patterns, even the military history of the area had to be unravelled. ; Soil, as the primary receptor of anthropogenic urban contamination acts as a sink for a variety of toxic and other hazardous substances. It constitutes, therefore, an indicator of contamination and may be utilised geochemically to assess environmental quality of urban and suburban areas. In Nafplion, an urban and suburban area of 50 km2 , was investigated using for the first time in Hellas an integrated approach with all available geoscientific techniques to make an in-depth environmental impact assessment. One of these techniques was applied geochemistry, which mapped the geochemistry of surface soil (0-10 cm) with 144 samples, collected on a regular grid of 500 x 500 km. The following fifty determinands were measured on the soil samples: Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ge, Hg, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Re, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, Ta, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W, Y, Zn, Zr, pH, electrical conductivity and grain-size distribution. The aim of the geochemical study was to distinguish, as far as possible, the origin of chemical elements, and (i) to classify them as geogenic or anthropogenic; (ii) to delineate contaminated areas, and (iii) to assess potential future impacts of human activities on soil. Interpretation of the resulting geochemical patterns has shown that those of Al, Fe, Be, Ce, Cr, Co, Ga, Ge, K, La, Li, Mg, Nb, Ni, Rb, Sc, Sr, Tl, V, Y, W and Zr are of geogenic origin, since they are directly related to parent rocks, whereas patterns of As, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Cu, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sn, Th, U and Zn are interpreted as being of dual origin, geogenic and anthropogenic. In this paper, the geochemical distribution of only five elements shall be described, i.e., Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and Na. This case study was indeed very interesting, since for the interpretation of some patterns, even the military history of the area had to be unravelled.

Athéna Georganta, Kalvos et la Charbonnerie européenneLa présente étude tente d'éclairer les liens avec la Charbonnerie d'undes plus grands poètes de la littérature néohellénique. Il s'agit du poèteromantique Andréas Kalvos, qui était membre de la Charbonnerie italienneet avait participé à la révolution de carbonari italiens (1820-1821).Dans les études néohelléniques, on prit connaissance tardivement, c'està-dire dans les années I960, de l'engagement de Kalvos avec la Charbonnerieitalienne. Ceci grâce aux longues recherches dans les archivesitaliennes effectuées par un historien grec (K. Porfyris).Kalvos fut élevé, éduqué et formé dans les grands centres politiqueset culturels de l'Europe occidentale du début du XIXème siècle (en Italie, à Londres, à Genève, à Paris). Sa vie et son oeuvre restent, jusqu'ànos jours, le plus grand mystère de la littérature néohellénique. Unebonne partie de ce mystère est liée à son identité et à sa formation deCarbonaro.La production poétique de Kalvos est contenue dans deux petitsrecueils d'Odes publiés à Genève en 1824 et à Paris en 1826. Un chercheurgrec (L. Zafeiriou) découvrit récemment, en 2002, le premier poèmeque Kalvos écrivit en grec, publié à Londres en 1819. Il est à noter quele catéchisme symbolique des Carbonari fut enregistré même dans cepetit poème écrit en Angleterre, où se réfugiaient à l'époque de nombreuxrévolutionnaires italiens. La Charbonnerie évolua aussi dans le milieu desexilés à Londres.Le présent article est extrait d'une recherche qui concerne les relationsde Kalvos avec les sociétés des Carbonari italiens et français, aussibien qu'avec les Carbonari de Genève (la ville suisse était alors le siègede Philippe Buonarroti). En même temps, le but littéraire de ma rechercheest de déchiffrer les codes cachés de la Charbonnerie dans l'oeuvrepoétique de Kalvos; c'est-à-dire, interpréter ses vers aussi à la lumièredu symbolisme sibyllin du carbonarisme.L'article expose d'abord les relations peu connues de Kalvos avecles anciens Carbonari du journal Le Globe. Ensuite, il se focalise sur lepremier recueil d'Odes kalviennes, celui de Genève. L'interprétation proposéese réfère au symbole de la Vertu et à la triade sacrée des Carbonari(Foi, Espérance, Charité). L'examen de dix Odes révèle plusieurs exemplessignificatifs. La perspective de recherche se base sur des sources primairesrelatives au rituel et au catéchisme des Carbonari italiens et français.L'article conclut que les mots sacrés et les symboles de la Charbonneriequi furent incorporés dans les Odes de Kalvos sont en nombresimpressionnants. Ils nous permettent de considérer son oeuvre commel'un des rares documents, peut-être même le seul texte poétique, issu del'histoire de la Charbonnerie. ; Athéna Georganta, Kalvos et la Charbonnerie européenneLa présente étude tente d'éclairer les liens avec la Charbonnerie d'undes plus grands poètes de la littérature néohellénique. Il s'agit du poèteromantique Andréas Kalvos, qui était membre de la Charbonnerie italienneet avait participé à la révolution de carbonari italiens (1820-1821).Dans les études néohelléniques, on prit connaissance tardivement, c'està-dire dans les années I960, de l'engagement de Kalvos avec la Charbonnerieitalienne. Ceci grâce aux longues recherches dans les archivesitaliennes effectuées par un historien grec (K. Porfyris).Kalvos fut élevé, éduqué et formé dans les grands centres politiqueset culturels de l'Europe occidentale du début du XIXème siècle (en Italie, à Londres, à Genève, à Paris). Sa vie et son oeuvre restent, jusqu'ànos jours, le plus grand mystère de la littérature néohellénique. Unebonne partie de ce mystère est liée à son identité et à sa formation deCarbonaro.La production poétique de Kalvos est contenue dans deux petitsrecueils d'Odes publiés à Genève en 1824 et à Paris en 1826. Un chercheurgrec (L. Zafeiriou) découvrit récemment, en 2002, le premier poèmeque Kalvos écrivit en grec, publié à Londres en 1819. Il est à noter quele catéchisme symbolique des Carbonari fut enregistré même dans cepetit poème écrit en Angleterre, où se réfugiaient à l'époque de nombreuxrévolutionnaires italiens. La Charbonnerie évolua aussi dans le milieu desexilés à Londres.Le présent article est extrait d'une recherche qui concerne les relationsde Kalvos avec les sociétés des Carbonari italiens et français, aussibien qu'avec les Carbonari de Genève (la ville suisse était alors le siègede Philippe Buonarroti). En même temps, le but littéraire de ma rechercheest de déchiffrer les codes cachés de la Charbonnerie dans l'oeuvrepoétique de Kalvos; c'est-à-dire, interpréter ses vers aussi à la lumièredu symbolisme sibyllin du carbonarisme.L'article expose d'abord les relations peu connues de Kalvos avecles anciens Carbonari du journal Le Globe. Ensuite, il se focalise sur lepremier recueil d'Odes kalviennes, celui de Genève. L'interprétation proposéese réfère au symbole de la Vertu et à la triade sacrée des Carbonari(Foi, Espérance, Charité). L'examen de dix Odes révèle plusieurs exemplessignificatifs. La perspective de recherche se base sur des sources primairesrelatives au rituel et au catéchisme des Carbonari italiens et français.L'article conclut que les mots sacrés et les symboles de la Charbonneriequi furent incorporés dans les Odes de Kalvos sont en nombresimpressionnants. Ils nous permettent de considérer son oeuvre commel'un des rares documents, peut-être même le seul texte poétique, issu del'histoire de la Charbonnerie.

Książka stanowi tom studiów autorstwa polskich i zagranicznych językoznawców poświęcony zmianom we współczesnych językach słowiańskich, szczególnie widocznym w słownictwie i słowotwórstwie. Uwzględnienie aspektu stylowo-funkcjonalnego w rozwoju leksyki pozwala lepiej zrozumieć dynamikę zmian językowych i skuteczność działań komunikacyjnych. Celowościowy i pragmatyczny charakter zachowań komunikacyjnych ujawnia się szeroko w uwzględnionych przez Autorów kontekstach społecznych, politycznych i kulturowych. Prace zostały pogrupowane w trzy działy tematyczne: - Zjawiska, procesy i tendencje rozwojowe w słownictwie specjalistycznym (terminologii); - Dynamika mechanizmów słowotwórczych i leksykalnych; - Zmiany leksykalne we współczesnej komunikacji językowej i dyskursie. Wyodrębnione działy pomagają uporządkować przedstawioną w tomie problematykę, wskazując na dominantę tematyczną w poszczególnych tekstach. Zakresy tych grup nie są jednak ostre, złożona i wielowarstwowa problematyka tendencji i zmian we współczesnym słownictwie słowiańskim jest omawiana w różnym stopniu w każdym z wydzielonych działów. W większości prac zastosowano podejście konfrontatywne, pozostałe stanowią podstawę do takiego ujęcia. Do badań wykorzystany został bogaty materiał języków słowiańskich: polskiego, czeskiego, słowackiego, białoruskiego, rosyjskiego, ukraińskiego, bułgarskiego, słoweńskiego, a także innych języków, jak np. nowogreckiego. ; This volume of studies by Polish and international linguists is devoted to changes in modern Slavic languages, which are especially noticeable in the spheres of vocabulary and word formation. Taking into consideration the stylistic and functional aspect of lexis development allows for a better understanding of the dynamics of language change and the efficacy of communicational acts. The purposeful and pragmatic character of communicational behaviour manifests itself widely in the social, political and cultural contexts considered by the Authors. The works comprising the volume are divided into three thematic sections: - Phenomena, processes and tendencies in the development of specialist lexis (terminology); - Word formation and lexical mechanisms dynamics; - Lexical change in modern language communication and discourse. The sections help organize the volume by highlighting the dominant theme in particular texts. The scopes of the sections are, nevertheless, not sharply delineated – each section is to an equal extent devoted to the complex and multifaceted subject-matter of the tendencies and changes in modern Slavic vocabulary. Most of the works comprised in the volume adopt a contrastive approach, the remaining ones can serve as bases for contrastive studies. The text analyse the rich material of the Slavic languages – Polish, Czech, Slovak, Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian and Slovene – as well as of other languages, like Modern Greek. ; Publikacja finansowana ze środków Instytutu Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Despina Iosif, «Christianos ad Leonem». The Case of Perpetua Two Greek editions of the diary of Perpetua have recently appeared, one by Polymnia Athanassiadi and the other by Thanassis Georgiadis, both bound to attract attention. Perpetua lived at Thuburbo Minus, west of Carthage in North Africa. She was an upper class, well-educated Roman citizen, twenty-two years of age, newly married and mother of a baby boy, who converted to Christianity and chose martyrdom instead of sacrificing to the traditional gods of the Roman Empire. Her decision was interpreted as an insult to the gods and the emperors, and a direct challenge to the established order and resulted in her being sentenced to death to the beasts of the arena in Carthage in 203 CE. It was a well-established Roman belief that the traditional gods offered military victories, stability, prosperity and grandeur to the Roman people. In return and to secure the continuation of this benevolence, the Roman people carried certain strictly defined rites in honour of their gods. Pagan religion was less a matter of personal devotion than of national significance. The Christians despised the traditional gods, declaring that they did not exist or that they were malevolent demons and neglected or obstructed the traditional religious rites. This conduct disrupted the agreement the Romans had made with their gods and made the empire vulnerable. From the second century on, natural disasters were being attributed to the wrath of gods as a result of the Christian atheism and the hatred Christians allegedly had for the world. It is extremely fortunate that Perpetua's diary, which she kept while in prison awaiting her death, has survived. It is a bold, vivid and honest account of her prison life, her dreams and the hopeless efforts of her father to persuade her to conform and sacrifice. The fact that the text praised prophesy and placed martyrs above the established church hierarchy led scholars to believe that is was a Montanist product. Fourth and fifth century bishops felt uncomfortable with Perpetua's diary and surrounded it with homiletic commentaries. Instead of letting the text speak directly to the community of the faithful, they guided the understanding of words, subtly changing its messages, and controlled its dissemination. They made Perpetua less appealing as a role model and less threatening to the social order. The impression and fascination her diary exerted, however, remain unchanged. ; Despina Iosif, «Christianos ad Leonem». The Case of Perpetua Two Greek editions of the diary of Perpetua have recently appeared, one by Polymnia Athanassiadi and the other by Thanassis Georgiadis, both bound to attract attention. Perpetua lived at Thuburbo Minus, west of Carthage in North Africa. She was an upper class, well-educated Roman citizen, twenty-two years of age, newly married and mother of a baby boy, who converted to Christianity and chose martyrdom instead of sacrificing to the traditional gods of the Roman Empire. Her decision was interpreted as an insult to the gods and the emperors, and a direct challenge to the established order and resulted in her being sentenced to death to the beasts of the arena in Carthage in 203 CE. It was a well-established Roman belief that the traditional gods offered military victories, stability, prosperity and grandeur to the Roman people. In return and to secure the continuation of this benevolence, the Roman people carried certain strictly defined rites in honour of their gods. Pagan religion was less a matter of personal devotion than of national significance. The Christians despised the traditional gods, declaring that they did not exist or that they were malevolent demons and neglected or obstructed the traditional religious rites. This conduct disrupted the agreement the Romans had made with their gods and made the empire vulnerable. From the second century on, natural disasters were being attributed to the wrath of gods as a result of the Christian atheism and the hatred Christians allegedly had for the world. It is extremely fortunate that Perpetua's diary, which she kept while in prison awaiting her death, has survived. It is a bold, vivid and honest account of her prison life, her dreams and the hopeless efforts of her father to persuade her to conform and sacrifice. The fact that the text praised prophesy and placed martyrs above the established church hierarchy led scholars to believe that is was a Montanist product. Fourth and fifth century bishops felt uncomfortable with Perpetua's diary and surrounded it with homiletic commentaries. Instead of letting the text speak directly to the community of the faithful, they guided the understanding of words, subtly changing its messages, and controlled its dissemination. They made Perpetua less appealing as a role model and less threatening to the social order. The impression and fascination her diary exerted, however, remain unchanged.