Suchergebnisse

Rad analizira vanjsku politiku Sjedinjenih Američkih Država u mandatu 45. predsjednika Donalda Trumpa, točnije u periodu od 2017. – 2021.g. Glavno istraživačko pitanje propituje u kojoj mjeri su kontroverzne odluke i nepredvidivi potezi predsjednika utjecale na položaj SAD-a u međunarodnim odnosima. Temeljna pretpostavka je da su upravo nepredvidivost, ishitrenost i često neprofesionalnost američkog predsjednika šokirale međunarodnu arenu te oslabile položaj SAD-a. S obzirom na kompleksnost teme u ovome radu neće se analizirati sve vanjskopolitičke odluke jer to iziskuje puno veći prostor već će se analizirati samo odluke koje su najviše utjecale na promjenu položaja SAD-a. ; The paper analyzes the foreign policy of the United States during the mandate of the 45th president Donald Trump, more precisely from 2017 till 2021. The main question is whether and if so how much influence did the controversial decisions and unpredictable moves done by the president have on the position of the United States in international relations. The main hypothesis is that the unpredictable, rash and unprofessional decisions and actions of the American president have shocked the global international arena and therefore have weakened the US position in it. Due to the complexity of the subject, the paper does not analyze all foreign policies of president Trump but instead it focuses on actions that had the greatest impact on the US position in the international order.

Nakon financijske krize 2008. godine, koja je zahvatila većinu svjetske ekonomije, sve veća pozornost počela se usmjeravati na pokazatelje sigurnosti poslovanja poduzeća. Stoga u ovom radu pokazatelji sigurnosti poslovanja, koji se odnose na financijske pokazatelje likvidnosti i zaduženosti, čine glavnu podlogu za provedbu ovog istraživanja. Uzorak istraživanja formiran je iz populacije domicilnih i inozemnih agencija za promidžbu, po kriteriju maksimalno ostvarenih ukupnih prihoda u 2017. godini. S obzirom da agencije za promidžbu predstavljaju veliki generator visokokvalitetnih poslova, potiču tržišno natjecanje te inovacije, doprinose razvoju kulturnog sektora, takva poduzeća interesantan su izbor za provedbu analize. U ovom radu provedena je komparativna analiza pokazatelja financijske sigurnosti najuspješnijih domicilnih te inozemnih agencija za promidžbu. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da domicilne agencije lakše se prilagođavaju uvjetima na tržištu, te stoga financijski sigurnije posluju u odnosu na inozemne agencije koje ostvaruju značajno veće promete i profite. Razlog tome ponajviše je manja veličina domicilnih agencija za promidžbu u odnosu na međunarodne. ; Following the 2008 financial crisis, which has affected most of the world economy, increasing attention turns towards financial security indicators. Therefore, in this paper, financial security indicators related to liquidity and indebtedness form the main research basis. The research sample was formed from the population of Croatian and foreign promotion agencies, according to the criteria of total revenues in 2017. Given that promotion agencies are a large generator of high-quality jobs, foster competition and innovations, and contribute to the development of the cultural sector, such companies are an interesting choice for conducting the analysis. Comparative analysis of the financial security indicators of the most successful domestic and foreign promotion agencies is conducted in this paper. The results of the research show that domestic agencies easier adapt to market conditions, and because of this, they are more financially secure compared to foreign agencies, which generated significantly higher turnover and profit. This is mainly due to the smaller size of the domicile promotion agencies rather than the international ones.

U članku se iznose dosad nepoznati detalji o zgradi vojne pekare i skladišta brašna izgrađenoj na strateški važnoj poziciji u sklopu Opskrbničke vojarne, kao dijela VIII. Eugenova bastiona osječke Tvrđe. Zgrada je podignuta sredinom 18. stoljeća, a uvidom u sačuvane povijesno-arhivske nacrte možemo utvrditi da je do današnjih dana sačuvala izvornu prostornu organizaciju i oblikovanje uz manje naknadne intervencije. Upravo je zbog neprekidnog višestoljetnog rada pekare i skladišta izbjegnuto rušenje VIII. bastiona pri razgradnji fortifikacijskog prstena Tvrđe u prvoj polovici 20. stoljeća. Vrijedan rezultat konzervatorsko-restauratorskih istraživanja je i dosad jedinstveni pronalazak grafita na zidnim plohama u unutrašnjosti. ; The building housing the military bakery and flour warehouse was built on an important strategic position within the Supply Barracks, as part of the Bastion VIII of Eugen of Savoy in the Tvrđa fortress in Osijek. It was built in the mid-18th century, and preserved historical and archive drawings confirm that it has kept its original form and shape, with smaller subsequent interventions caused by advances in technology in the 19th and 20th centuries. It was built for military purposes in the mid-18th century, but developed through several construction phases. It represents a perfect monument of utilitarian construction, with food production technology whose process can still be reconstructed on the basis of the preserved equipment. First-rate military builders understood the technique for storing raw materials for making bread as well as technical requirements of a bakery. The military bakery is located in the north part of the city with less traffic to prevent pollution from smells, smoke, dust, etc. The location was also determined by the proximity of drinking water and energy sources, and, most likely, the vicinity of the river port, where ships brought supplies such as flour, salt and yeast, since there were not enough supplies in Osijek prior to the construction of the Supply Barracks and military bakery. The military bakery is a monumental two-storey brick building that had the central function of the supply and warehouse system of Tvrđa in Osijek. The supply of bread and other baked goods continued throughout the 19th century, when the newly built military facilities outside the Fortress were supplied, until the 1970s. Brick ovens were found on the ground floor, and graffiti were on the walls in the interior. The graffiti represent a spontaneously created decoration on the surface, and new elements were added over time. The size and motifs of the graffiti templates differ, and they are a testimony to the work and imagination of soldiers, and moments from their lives. We can conclude that the continuous production of baked goods from the time of the construction until the second half of the 20th century preserved and, very likely, prevented the devastation of the fortification complex that the bakery was part of. Therefore, details discovered on the basis of the results of conservation and restoration research will be relevant to the revitalization and reconstruction of the building.

Rad pručava politike razvojne pomoći kao instrumente moći za postizanje vanjskopolitičkih ciljeva koji koriste u prvom redu državama-inicijatoricama. Rad se fokusira na dvije velike europske zemlje: Francusku Republiku i Saveznu Republiku Njemačke, koje su ujedno gospodarski i politički najmoćnije zemlje članice Europske unije. Promjenom paradigme, iz one u kojoj najveću korist od politika razvojne pomoći imaju slabije razvijene zemlje u paradigmu kako dugoročno najveću korist imaju upravo zemlje koje su inicijatorice istih, rad pokazuje da starije, veće te politički i ekonomski moćnije države članice Europske unije koriste politike razvojne pomoći prema slabije razvijenim članicama, prema zemljama kandidatkinjama te ostalim zemljama, kako bi promovirale vlastiti interes i ostvarile ciljeve svoje vanjske politike. Konačno, pokazujući vezu između politika razvojne pomoći i širenja utjecaja i moći Francuske i Njemačke, rad stvora pretpostavke za novo objašnjenje odnosa moći u međunarodnom okruženju. ; The dissertation examines how the development aid policy, both in the context of national budgets and European Structural and Investment Funds, is being used as an instrument for achieving foreign policy objectives, and it is in this sense primarily beneficial for countriesdonators. Dissertation is focussed on two main European Union member states: the Republic of France and Federal Republic of Germany. By changing the paradigm from the one in which the least developed countries have the most benefit from development aid policy to the paradigm that, on the long-term, greatest benefits precisely have the countries that are the initiators of the same development aid, dissertation argues that older, bigger, politically and economically more powerful European Union member states use development policies assisting less developed members, candidate and other countries to promote their own interests and achieve goals of their foreign policy. In attempt to demonstrate the influence of France and Germany through development ...

The health of officers (as well as the entire army) is exposed to additional risks due to the performance of various life-threatening tasks for the needs of the state. Therefore, it is not unusual for the state to take care of the health of its officers (as well as the army) through a system of Vojvodina medical care or specialised society through the construction of military or officer health resorts [Militärkurhaus / Offizierskurhaus] with the provision of medical/ health services. The subject of this paper is the relationship between architecture and the provision of military-medical services of officer/military health resorts built by the Society of the White Cross [Gesellschaft vom Weißen Kreuze] in Kvarner at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The research is based on data collected from Austrian architectural, medical and tourist magazines and yearbooks of Austrian Society of the White Cross. The results of the research contribute to a better understanding of the improvement of the health of officers, the development of the architecture of health buildings [Kurhaus] and the entire history of medicine and health tourism in the Croatian Adriatic. ; Zdravlje časnika (kao i cijele vojske) izloženo je dodatnim rizicima zbog izvršavanja različitih za život opasnih zadaća i to za potrebe države. Stoga nije neobično da država vodi brigu o zdravlju svojih časnika (kao i vojske) kroz sustav vojnomedicinske skrbi ili specijaliziranih društava koji pružaju medicinske/zdravstvene usluga u vojnim, odnosno časničkim lječili- štima [Militärkurhaus/Offizierskurhaus]. Predmet ovog rada je međuodnos arhitekture i pružanja vojnomedicinskih usluga časničkih/vojnih lječilišta koje je izgradilo Društvo Bijeli križ [Gesellschaft vom Weißen Kreuze] na Kvarneru krajem 19. i početkom 20. stoljeća. Istraživanje se temelji na podacima prikupljenim iz austrijskih arhitektonskih, medicinskih i turističkih časopisa te godišnjaka austrijskog Društva Bijeli križ. Rezultati istraživanja pridonose boljem poznavanju ...

Tijekom rata 1992. godine, prošlo je u Bosanskoj posavini 6.105 vojnika kroz razne oblike zdravstvene skrbi. Poginulo je u to doba 920, teže ranjeno 3.258, a lakše ranjeno 1.927 vojnika. Oni su zbrinuti na sanitetskim etapama organiziranim na razini borbene linije, borbenog područja i veznog područja. Temelj zdravstvene struke na borbenoj liniji činile su bataljunske postaje, a na razini borbenog područja Medicinski centar Slavonski Brod. Njegova uloga bila je ključna, kako zbog kirurške obrade 5.418 ranjenika, tako i zbog definitivnog zbrinjavanja većine osoba koje su zatražile pomoć. U okolici Slavonskog Broda formirana su oporavilišta, a širom Hrvatske korištene su specijalizirane zdravstvene ustanove i rehabilitacijski centri, u kojima je, po potrebi, završavan proces liječenja. Takvom organizacijom zdravstvene skrbi umro je u Medicinskom centru Slavonski brod tijekom liječenja 161 ranjenik, što predstavlja mortalitet od 3,0%. ; During military operations in Bosanska Posavina in 1992, 6,105 soldiers of the Croatian Defence Council (Bosnian Croats and Mosliems) were treated at various health care levels: 920 soldiers were killed, 3,258 were heavily wounded and 1,927 lightly wounded. The treatment was provided in medical units organized at the front line, in the combat area and in the communication area. At the front line, medical service was organized as battalion units, whereas the area in general was medically covered by the Slavonski Brod Medical Center in Croatia. Slavonski Brod played a key role with surgical treatment of 5,418 wounded and definite care was offered to most subject seeking medical aid. The scarcity of medical personnel at the front front lines and long lines of transportation resulted in a 6.5% death rate (354 patients) during transportation from Bosnian batterfields to Slavonski Brod. By contrast, the mortality rate in Slavonski Brod Hospital was 3.0% (161 patient). Convalescence homes were established and health rehabilitation centers throughout Croatia accommodated those needing advanced treatment.

This paper analyses international response to the Croatian military operation Maslenica in January 1993. Based on media comments and reactions of key international mediators in the war in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, particularly the United Nations, France and Chairman of the International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia, it seeks to answer the question of what the reaction was, how in reality it was in accordance with the proclaimed policies and how it fit into the overall international policy towards the war in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The paper is based on the documents of the United Nations, the analysis of several newspapers and reports of the Croatian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It situates behaviour of the main participants within the context of 'carrots and sticks' strategy. The Maslenica operation had shown that international community would not prevent military interventions against the self-declared Republic of Srpska Krajina by Croatian forces. It thus announced what subsequently happened in 1995 with the decisive Operation Storm. Adapted from the source document.

Analiziran je rad zdravstvene djelatnosti HV Zbornog područja Osijek, u periodu od 01. 07. 1991. do 01. 09. 1993. godine. Kao i cijela HV, vojno zdravstvo osnovano je tijekom rata, jer u okviru tadašnje Jugoslavije Hrvatska nije mogla imati vlastitu vojsku, dakle ni sanitetsko osiguranje. U početku je, stoga, taj posao preuzelo civilno zdravstvo. Isto je obavljano putem mobilnih kirurških ekipa, odnosno oponašanjem rada civilne službe hitne pomoći. Postojao je čitav niz objektivnih poteškoća, kao što su nedostatak opreme, školovanog vojnosanitetskog kadra i iskustva u organiziranju i funkcioniranju isključivo vojnog saniteta. Uz 75 poginulih, ranjenih i nestalih pripadnika zdravstva HV Zbornog područja Osijek, te uz 43 uništena i 20 oštećenih sanitetskih motornih vozila, registrirano je i zbrinuto 145.410 bolesnih stanja u pripadnika HV Zbornog područja Osijek, pri čemu su povrede i njihove posljedice činile 14,6% (21.767 slučajeva). U tijeku je prelazak u mirnodopski ustroj koji, za sada, ima prijelazni karakter ovisan o ekonomskoj snazi Republike Hrvatske. ; The work of the Croatian Army medical service of the Osijek Military District between July 1, 1991 and September 1, 1993 was analized. In the former Yugoslavia, Croatia was not allowed to have its own army. Therefore, the national armed force and medical corps had to be formed during the war against Croatia. Medical support to army units was initially provided by civil medical service, i.e. by mobile surgical teams performing their tasks on the model of civilian ambulatory service. Numerous objective obstacles, such as the lack of equipment, qualified military medical professionals and experience in the organization and function of army medical corps were encountered. Seventy-five of the Osijek Military District medical service were killed, wounded or missing. There were 145,410 recorded and treated cases of various diseases, 21,767 (14,6%) of which were war wounds. Forty-three medical vehicles were demolished and 20 damaged. At present, transformation of Croatian Army (CA) to peacetime organization is under way.

Zaštitna arheološka istraživanja na prostoru Vojarne u Osijeku obuhvatila su prostor gradnje Učiteljskoga fakulteta. Među nalazima iz razdoblja antike izdvajaju se brojni keramički nalazi iz 1. i prve polovice 2. st. po Kr., s naročito bogatom građom iz razdoblja vladavine Flavijevaca. Prisutnost rimske vojske u istome razdoblju predmet je rasprave, stoga se prikazuju pojedini metalni nalazi koji se mogu povezati upravo s rimskom vojnom opremom i time pružiti dodatne argumente raspravi. Riječ je o dijelovima pojasne garniture (pojasne kopče i okov te privjesak) i konjske opreme (privjesci, zvona) koji se datiraju u 1.-2. st. po Kr. ; The rescue archaeological excavations in the Barracks area in Osijek encompassed the area of the future Faculty of Education. Among the finds dated to Antiquity, there are numerous ceramic finds from the 1st and 2nd century AD, with the particularly notable presence of material datable to the Flavian era. The presence of the Roman army during this period remains debatable, so selected metal finds associated with the Roman army are presented here in order to contribute to the discussion. These are parts of military belt sets (belt fittings and buckles, a pendant) and horse gear (pendants, bells) dated to the 1st – 2nd century AD.

Following the example of the discussion about the possible intervention undertaken by the Western European Union (WEU) with the aim of stopping the war in Croatia, this work strives to show the extent to which the war in Croatia influenced the development of the European relations and institutions, and vice versa. The discussion was held on two occasions, end July -- early August and second half of September 1991. The advocates of such an initiative were led by the idea of WEU military intervention which could stop the war, strengthen the European idea, and lay the foundations for a successful foreign and defensive politics of the future European Union during the phase of institution-building. Besides that, the intervention would undoubtedly have saved many lives in Croatia, and subsequently in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Reluctance and various interpretations among large European countries -- not only of the war in Croatia, but also of the European future -- resulted in passivity which played a huge role in determining the future form of European institutions during the key period before Maastricht. Adapted from the source document.

U radu se kronološki prikazuje razvoj organizirane tiskarske i knjižarske djelatnosti kroz razdoblje od sredine druge polovice 19. stoljeća, pa do Drugog svjetskog rata odnosno prestanka djelatnosti gospićkih tiskara u privatnom vlasništvu. Početci djelatnosti javljaju se dolaskom knjigoveškog obrtnika Juraja Krmpotića iz Primorja u Gospić i otvaranjem prve knjižare s knjigoveškim uslugama. Do pojave prvog tiskara, Senjanina Marijana Župana proći će cijelo desetljeće, ali njegov je dolazak uskoro otvorio put ostalima te će tijekom više od pola stoljeća u Gospiću istodobno djelovati najmanje dvije, a u nekim trenutcima i tri dobro organizirane tiskare sa školovanim tipografima i slagarima. Osim tiskanja, tiskare su se bavile uvezivanjem knjiga, a zasebno su djelovale i knjižare. Početkom 20. stoljeća, također došljak, Matej Maksimović unio je novost na lokalnom tržištu osnivanjem tvrtke koja je objedinjavala sve navedene usluge. Svi gospićki tiskari preživjeli su Prvi svjetski rat i očuvali su svoje tiskare nastavljajući s radom u novostvorenoj Kraljevini SHS u kojoj im se pridružila i tiskara Kolačević. Zahvaljujući ulozi Gospića u međuratnom razdoblju kao administrativnog središta ličkog područja te njegovom usporenom, ali ipak kontinuiranom razvoju, posla je bilo dovoljno za sve obrtnike ove struke. Posljedice Drugog svjetskog rata dovele su do kraha tiskarske i knjižarske djelatnosti u Gospiću u onom obliku kakva je neprekidno postojala više od šezdeset godina. ; The paper presents the chronological development of organized printing and bookkeeping activities during the period from the middle of the second half of the 19th century until the Second World War i.e., the discontinuation of the operation of privately owned Gospić printing houses. Activities began with the arrival of the bookbinding craftsman Juraj Krmpotić from Primorje to Gospić and the opening of the first bookstore along with the provision of bookbinding services as a part of it. A whole decade would pass before the appearance of the first ...

In searching for various opportunities to act in pursuing its foreign policy & endeavors to achieve a dominant role in the global processes USA has developed a broad range of instruments including a financial assistance as a way to be given support for its positions, intelligence activities, its public diplomacy, unilateral implementation of sanctions & even military interventions. The paper devotes special attention to one of these instruments -- sanctions, which USA implemented in the last decade of the 20th century more than ever before. The author explores the forms & mechanisms for implementation of sanctions, the impact & effects they produce on the countries they are directed against, but also on the third parties or the countries that have been involved in the process by concurrence of events, & finally on USA as the very initiator of imposing them. References. Adapted from the source document.

The post-communist NATO member states from Central and South-Eastern Europe (CSEE) comprise a group of 11 NATO/EU member states, from the Baltic to the Adriatic and Black Sea. The twelfth and thirteenth NATO member states from the region are Albania and Montenegro. The afore-mentioned NATO/EU member states have mostly shown a similar stance towards the Eastern Partnership Policy. However, since 2014, these states have shown more diverse stances, albeit declaratively supporting the anti-Russian sanctions. Due to the difference in stances towards Russia, the "New Cold Warriors" (Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Romania) and the "Pragmatics" (Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia and Bulgaria), will maintain a mostly common course towards Russia and the Eastern Partnership states because they have to. The Czech Republic, although hosting a part of the US anti-ballistic missile shield, is not a genuine "New Cold Warrior", while in 2016 Croatia effectively became one. ; The post-communist NATO member states from Central and South-Eastern Europe (CSEE) comprise a group of 11 NATO/EU member states, from the Baltic to the Adriatic and Black Sea. The twelfth and thirteenth NATO member states from the region are Albania and Montenegro. The afore-mentioned NATO/EU member states have mostly shown a similar stance towards the Eastern Partnership Policy. However, since 2014, these states have shown more diverse stances, albeit declaratively supporting the anti-Russian sanctions. Due to the difference in stances towards Russia, the "New Cold Warriors" (Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Romania) and the "Pragmatics" (Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia and Bulgaria), will maintain a mostly common course towards Russia and the Eastern Partnership states because they have to. The Czech Republic, although hosting a part of the US anti-ballistic missile shield, is not a genuine "New Cold Warrior", while in 2016 Croatia effectively became one.