Suchergebnisse

Millennium development goals – all world countries input in solving universal problems and assuring living conditions for every country's citizens, also considering environment and sustainable development aspects. The aim of this work is to analyse and evaluate the implementation of environmental Millennium development goals in Lithuania during 1990-2008. In order to evaluate people attitudes in regard to Millennium development goals, population survey was conducted, with the help of questionnaire. Implementation level of foreseen indicators indicates every country's progress in implementing Millennium development goals. In Lithuania, pursuing to assure sustainable environment protection, such indicators are observed: parts of forested and protected territories, protection of biological diversity and species, which are at risk of extinction, emission of carbon dioxide and ozone prosecutors and general water consumption in the country. Year 1990 is a starting point. According to Millennium declaration, the intended aims must be reached up to 2015. Survey reveals that the majority – 74 % of respondents have not heard about Millennium development goals. 26 % of respondents, who are aware of those global aims, hold a university degree (67 %). In citizens' opinion, most important Millennium development goals are elimination of poverty and hunger in the world, reducing of children's death-rate and assurance of friendly environment. These aims were named as very important by more than 50 % of respondents. Regarding environmental goals, frequently named as very important were an emission of carbon dioxide and protection of biodiversity. Qualitative analysis of Lithuania's environmental indicators, a conclusion was made that the progress made is satisfactory to reach the environmental of Millennium goals till the indicated time. However, more attention must be paid only for protection of biodiversity as the progress in this area is not satisfactory.

Millennium development goals – all world countries input in solving universal problems and assuring living conditions for every country's citizens, also considering environment and sustainable development aspects. The aim of this work is to analyse and evaluate the implementation of environmental Millennium development goals in Lithuania during 1990-2008. In order to evaluate people attitudes in regard to Millennium development goals, population survey was conducted, with the help of questionnaire. Implementation level of foreseen indicators indicates every country's progress in implementing Millennium development goals. In Lithuania, pursuing to assure sustainable environment protection, such indicators are observed: parts of forested and protected territories, protection of biological diversity and species, which are at risk of extinction, emission of carbon dioxide and ozone prosecutors and general water consumption in the country. Year 1990 is a starting point. According to Millennium declaration, the intended aims must be reached up to 2015. Survey reveals that the majority – 74 % of respondents have not heard about Millennium development goals. 26 % of respondents, who are aware of those global aims, hold a university degree (67 %). In citizens' opinion, most important Millennium development goals are elimination of poverty and hunger in the world, reducing of children's death-rate and assurance of friendly environment. These aims were named as very important by more than 50 % of respondents. Regarding environmental goals, frequently named as very important were an emission of carbon dioxide and protection of biodiversity. Qualitative analysis of Lithuania's environmental indicators, a conclusion was made that the progress made is satisfactory to reach the environmental of Millennium goals till the indicated time. However, more attention must be paid only for protection of biodiversity as the progress in this area is not satisfactory.

This text attempts to answer the main research question: what opportunities and challenges are facing the development cooperation implemented by Poland in the second decade of the 21st century? The following issues were considered in the analysis: the legal and institutional framework of Polish development cooperation, its geographical and thematic concentration, and financial resources allocated to these activities. A new quality in this area of Polish policy was introduced by the Act on development cooperation adopted in 2011, as well as by the articulation, through multi‑annual programs, of the preferred specialization of Polish activities in this field. However, there are still reservations regarding the cohesion of programming of Polish development cooperation with the EU and the global development agenda, the state's fulfilment of international commitments and the level of ODA financing, due to which Poland's participation in the global ODA system remains marginal.

The validity of the current global development agenda, known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) ends on December 31, 2015. International community has worked on the new development agenda since 2010. The new development agenda will replace the MDGs from 1 January 2016. The European Union is a very active participant in the work on the shape of the new development agenda. EU activity in this area is coming clearly both from the organization's ambition, wanting to play the role of a "global player" and the importance of global development policy objectives for the EU's development cooperation. Not coincidentally, the European Union announced the 2015 European Year of Development (EYD). The article presents the position of the most important institutions of the EU towards a new agenda for development (Post 2015 agenda). ; Ważność aktualnej, globalnej agendy rozwojowej, znanej pod nazwą Milenijne Cele Rozwojowe (MDGs), kończy się 31 grudnia 2015 r. Od 2010 r. trwają prace analityczne, programowe i polityczne nad nową agendą rozwojową, która zastąpi MDGs począwszy od 1 stycznia 2016 r. Unia Europejska jest bardzo aktywnym uczestnikiem prac nad kształtem kolejnej agendy rozwojowej. Aktywność UE w tym obszarze wynika zarówno z ambicji tej organizacji, chcącej odgrywać rolę "globalnego gracza", jak i znaczenia założeń globalnej polityki rozwojowej dla unijnej współpracy rozwojowej. Nieprzypadkowo Unia Europejska ogłosiła rok 2015 Europejskim Rokiem na rzecz Rozwoju – European Year for Development (EYD). Artykuł przedstawia stanowisko najważniejszych instytucji UE wobec nowej agendy rozwojowej (Post 2015).

This article analyzes the progress of the Baltic States in achieving the goals of sustainable development. Scientific literature with a focus on the concept of sustainable development is analyzed. A holistic approach to the perception of sustainable development and a comprehensive approach to the pursuit of sustainable development are presented. The article uses the 2015 The United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development and its objectives nerandu Google tokio daikto. According to the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), all objectives are divided into six key areas: global values, resource efficiency, environmental conditions, meeting human needs, socio-economic growth, governance and partnership. According to these areas, the main indicators of the Baltic States are analyzed (Gini coefficient, the share of energy from renewable sources, greenhouse gas emissions, at-risk-of-poverty rate, unemployment rate, government expenditure on health care and education, percentage of GDP). According to the indicators analyzed, the weakest areas in each of the Baltic States are singled out and the trends are reflected in all the Baltic States, i.e. Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.

This article analyzes the progress of the Baltic States in achieving the goals of sustainable development. Scientific literature with a focus on the concept of sustainable development is analyzed. A holistic approach to the perception of sustainable development and a comprehensive approach to the pursuit of sustainable development are presented. The article uses the 2015 The United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development and its objectives nerandu Google tokio daikto. According to the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), all objectives are divided into six key areas: global values, resource efficiency, environmental conditions, meeting human needs, socio-economic growth, governance and partnership. According to these areas, the main indicators of the Baltic States are analyzed (Gini coefficient, the share of energy from renewable sources, greenhouse gas emissions, at-risk-of-poverty rate, unemployment rate, government expenditure on health care and education, percentage of GDP). According to the indicators analyzed, the weakest areas in each of the Baltic States are singled out and the trends are reflected in all the Baltic States, i.e. Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.

This article analyzes the progress of the Baltic States in achieving the goals of sustainable development. Scientific literature with a focus on the concept of sustainable development is analyzed. A holistic approach to the perception of sustainable development and a comprehensive approach to the pursuit of sustainable development are presented. The article uses the 2015 The United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development and its objectives nerandu Google tokio daikto. According to the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), all objectives are divided into six key areas: global values, resource efficiency, environmental conditions, meeting human needs, socio-economic growth, governance and partnership. According to these areas, the main indicators of the Baltic States are analyzed (Gini coefficient, the share of energy from renewable sources, greenhouse gas emissions, at-risk-of-poverty rate, unemployment rate, government expenditure on health care and education, percentage of GDP). According to the indicators analyzed, the weakest areas in each of the Baltic States are singled out and the trends are reflected in all the Baltic States, i.e. Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.

This article analyzes the progress of the Baltic States in achieving the goals of sustainable development. Scientific literature with a focus on the concept of sustainable development is analyzed. A holistic approach to the perception of sustainable development and a comprehensive approach to the pursuit of sustainable development are presented. The article uses the 2015 The United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development and its objectives nerandu Google tokio daikto. According to the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), all objectives are divided into six key areas: global values, resource efficiency, environmental conditions, meeting human needs, socio-economic growth, governance and partnership. According to these areas, the main indicators of the Baltic States are analyzed (Gini coefficient, the share of energy from renewable sources, greenhouse gas emissions, at-risk-of-poverty rate, unemployment rate, government expenditure on health care and education, percentage of GDP). According to the indicators analyzed, the weakest areas in each of the Baltic States are singled out and the trends are reflected in all the Baltic States, i.e. Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.

This article analyzes the progress of the Baltic States in achieving the goals of sustainable development. Scientific literature with a focus on the concept of sustainable development is analyzed. A holistic approach to the perception of sustainable development and a comprehensive approach to the pursuit of sustainable development are presented. The article uses the 2015 The United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development and its objectives nerandu Google tokio daikto. According to the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), all objectives are divided into six key areas: global values, resource efficiency, environmental conditions, meeting human needs, socio-economic growth, governance and partnership. According to these areas, the main indicators of the Baltic States are analyzed (Gini coefficient, the share of energy from renewable sources, greenhouse gas emissions, at-risk-of-poverty rate, unemployment rate, government expenditure on health care and education, percentage of GDP). According to the indicators analyzed, the weakest areas in each of the Baltic States are singled out and the trends are reflected in all the Baltic States, i.e. Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. ; Šiame straipsnyje yra analizuojami Baltijos šalių pasiekimai siekiant darnaus vystymosi tikslų įgyvendinimo. Analizuojama mokslinė literatūra, apibūdinanti darnaus vystymosi sąvoką. Pateikiamas holistinis požiūris į darnaus vystymosi suvokimą ir kompleksiškas požiūris į darnaus vystymosi siekimą. Straipsnyje naudojamasi 2015 m. Jungtinių tautų darnaus vystymosi darbotvarke ir jos iškeltais tikslais. Visi tikslai, remiantis Tarptautinio taikomosios sistemos analizės instituto (angl. International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis - IIASA) duomenimis, suskirstomi į pagrindines šešias sritis: visuotinės vertybės, tausus išteklių naudojimas, aplinkos sąlygos, žmogaus poreikių patenkinimas, socialinis ir ekonominis augimas, valdymas ir partnerystė. Pagal šias sritis straipsnyje analizuojami pagrindiniai Baltijos šalių rodikliai (Gini koeficientas, iš atsinaujinančių šaltinių gaunamos energijos dalis, šiltnamio efektą sukeliančių dujų emisijos, skurdo rizikos lygis, nedarbo lygis, valdžios išlaidos sveikatos priežiūrai ir švietimui, procentai nuo BVP). Pagal išanalizuotus rodiklius išskiriamos silpniausios sritys Baltijos šalyse ir šiose šalyse pastebimos tendencijos.

This article provides a scientific reflection on the need for considering the issue of new technologies and their development in contemporary social policy in Poland. The article focuses on three selected areas of social policy, which are most intensively influenced by the development of new technologies: labor market policies, education policies, and telecare, including some elements of senior policies. The publication initiates further discussion on the current challenges and dilemmas faced by social policymakers. It corresponds to the specific experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic related to intensified, technologically mediated forms of communication and remote forms of using social services. It argues that rapid development of new technologies changes the goals and ways of putting social policies into practice. Drawing on theoretical assumptions of technological determinism and new institutionalism, the article aims to conclude that adequate institutional and legislative changes should be the consequence of technological changes and they should lead to greater compatibility of systemic solutions with citizens' everyday practice.

The article aims to observe the purpose and subject of "public policy sciences" from the perspective of living space. The role of housing policy and settlement in this respect is at the core of the paper reasoning. It requires reflection on the relationships of social, housing and settlement policies, and their location on the background of other elements and disciplines of social sciences in the context of living. Public policy relations of a systemic, political, economic and social character, as well as of natural and ecological one, which complement the concept of sustainable development, are also discussed. This concept focused more than ever on a fair and decent habitation of successive generations, by substantially increasing the role of housing and settlement policy, highlights that the aim and subject of "the public policy sciences" is the living space.

Energy security is an integral part of national security, for this reason the role of the state to ensure the smooth functioning of the energy sector is very important. Regulation of the energy sector will never be left to the market laws, because economic and social well-being depends on it. One of the characteristics of the energy sector is its inertness, so it is indispensable the long-term planning and settings of development policies. The last National Energy Strategy (hereinafter – NES (2012)) was approved on the 26 th of June 2012, but the new National Energy Strategy Project (hereinafter - NESP) is ready. The guidelines of energy sector, which are determined by the state, are especially important for potential investors, as the construction of energy facilities require a very large initial investments and their service life can reach 50 years. Only the energy strategy, which is long-term, based on economic calculations, independent of the election results and maintaining the continuity of strategic goals can attract private investment in the energy sector. The aim of this article is to compare the framework and strategic objectives of current National Energy Strategy o with the Project of National Energy Strategy. The main objectives are: (i) to analyze the influence of stability of the energy strategies on the development of the energy sector; (ii) to compare the general provisions of NES (2012) with the general provisions of NESP; (iii) to compare the strategic objectives of NES (2012) with the strategic objectives NESP. It is likely that many discussions will be on NESP in political life and public space, so the comparative analysis and insight, which is made in this article, are relevant to today's life in Lithuania. NES (2012) and NESP apply the same strategic objectives in the energy sector, only NESP provide one additional objective - efficient use of energy. NESP differs from NES (2012) in their flexibility and multiple analysis of alternatives depending on the current situation. Meanwhile, NES (2012) observed that it can be only one correct way without any possible alternatives. It even very clearly indicates what damage will occur if Lithuania does not implement identified energy projects. Presumably, because of inflexible approach of NES (2012), identified strategic projects no longer meet today's realities. ; Energetinis saugumas yra neatsiejama nacionalinio saugumo dalis, todėl valstybės vaidmuo užtikrinat sklandų energetikos sektoriaus funkcionavimą yra kertinis. Energetikos sektoriaus reguliavimas niekada nebus paliktas tik rinkos dėsniams, nes nuo jo priklauso valstybės ekonominė ir socialinė gerovė. Viena iš energetikos sektoriaus savybių yra jo inertiškumas, todėl yra būtinas ilgalaikis planavimas ir plėtros krypčių nustatymas. Paskutinė Nacionalinė energetinės nepriklausomybės strategija buvo patvirtinta 2012 m. metų birželio 26 d., tačiau jau dabar yra parengtas naujas Nacionalinės energetikos strategijos projektas. Šio straipsnio tikslas: palyginti šiuo metu galiojančios Nacionalinės energetinės nepriklausomybės strategijos bendrąsias nuostatas bei strateginius tikslus elektros energetikos sektoriuje su Nacionalinės energetikos strategijos projektu.

Sustainable development concept is described as devel-opment politics which tries to satisfy welfare related economic, social and environmental needs of society for short, medium and long terms. With abandoned land effective use questions face almost all countries. In Lithuania, in various ways, attempts are being made to solve the problems of abandoned land use, it is very important that they would be solved while taking into account social, environment, economic goals of society. The article analyses abandoned agricultural land use possibilities for renewable energy and other goal while taking into account the principles of sustainable development

Sustainable development concept is described as devel-opment politics which tries to satisfy welfare related economic, social and environmental needs of society for short, medium and long terms. With abandoned land effective use questions face almost all countries. In Lithuania, in various ways, attempts are being made to solve the problems of abandoned land use, it is very important that they would be solved while taking into account social, environment, economic goals of society. The article analyses abandoned agricultural land use possibilities for renewable energy and other goal while taking into account the principles of sustainable development

India is a pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic country located in Southeast Asia. It is the 2nd largest populated country which has the 7th position in the geographical area. Since 1990 India has emerged as one of the wealthiest economies in the developing world. Recently it is the second fastest growing major economy in the world. Despite the fact that economical development in India has been accompanied by increases in life expectancy, literacy rates and food security, India's performance in the area of health care has been still far from satisfactory. The system of financing health care as a one of the most privatized in the world faces especially many problems. This paper would therefore attempt to describe and assess the system of financing health care in India. In order to outline to the readers the overall country context the first section will provide a brief description of the demographic, economic and health profile of the Indian population. The second and third sections will present the main methods of funding health care in India as well as and the budget of health care system. The concluding section would attempt to assess the financing system in India and offer a way forward for the better achievement of health care system goals.