Suchergebnisse

Renewable energy sectors are becoming increasingly globalized with lead firms appropriating value on a global scale: This creates challenges for nations seeking to anchor some of the value locally through indigenous industrial development. Since lead firms select their suppliers for a given deployment project, national governments can set incentives for these firms to opt for local suppliers. We use the case of offshore wind in Europe to quantitatively measure the origin of suppliers across three global value chain governance modes: market, modular and relational. Suppliers can originate from the windfarm country, the lead firm's country or the global market. We test supplier selection across the modes of governance, domestic market size and local content push using a database of over 12,000 supplier contracts. The results indicate that lead firms mostly draw from the global market for market-coordinated segments, while favoring local suppliers under local content regulations. Local lead firms have a higher tendency to source locally for both market and relationally coordinated suppliers. However, local content push reduces the tendency of local lead firms to select local relational suppliers. Therefore, local content requirements seem to be broadly successful to stimulate locally sourced suppliers of the market-coordinated type; on the other hand, our results show that national governments should have local lead firms commission projects without imposing local content regulations to increase the odds that local relational suppliers are selected.

China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), labelled as the world's largest infrastructure program, has so far directed investments mainly to energy and transportation networks in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. Since its launch, the BRI has changed significantly in terms of scale, stakeholders, and investment sectors and continues to evolve, also in light of the COVID-19 crisis. However, so far, there is no systematic and comprehensive analysis of how it might look like in the medium-term future (2035), even though academic literature on the BRI is burgeoning. We address this research gap and apply a scenario method with a 2 × 2 matrix, building on insights from ∼40 qualitative interviews with representatives from business, non-profit and public sectors from China and BRI countries, complemented by desk research of press and academic articles. We conceptualise the BRI alongside its degree of economic globalisation and multilateralism, which are both impacted by the global pandemic response. We arrive at the four scenarios Asian, Vibrant, Irrelevant, and International BRI. These scenarios show that different development are possible with the BRI's geographical scope, the investment volumes and sectors, the funding structure, and also the orientation towards sustainability. These post-pandemic pathways of the BRI might help decision-makers in business and politics to prepare their responses and strategies. The scenarios can also inform the academic debate around conceptualising the BRI and provide a qualitative basis for future quantitative impact assessments.

Teaching IR in the Philippines can best be understood in terms of an evolving process that has been significantly influenced by the country's colonial experience under the United States. The development of the field is largely contextualized as a part of the discipline of Political Science. The latter in turn was situated less as an academic field and more as preparatory course for those pursuing a law degree or a career in the colonial bureaucracy. However, greater attention is now being paid to academic pursuit as an objective of higher education in the Philippines—and the consequent attention to more theoretical research and the teaching of IR as a field of study not completely beholden to the need to produce bureaucrats and technocrats for foreign policy work. There is an increasing diversity in the types of research interests pursued by IR scholars in the country. This diversity ranges from the expansion of the issues being explored to a special focus on widening the theoretical and methodological approaches that local scholars adopt. At the same time, however, the field continues to be embedded in its antecedent purpose of providing training for aspiring diplomats and foreign-policy bureaucrats. The evolution of IR in the Philippines, and the subsequent direction of the field, continue to be influenced by its historical antecedents and its emphasis on a pragmatic appreciation of what needs to be understood through the study of IR. (Contemp Southeast Asia/GIGA)

The study was conducted at Bukoba Municipality and Muleba District council, intending to examine the determinants of unemployment and vulnerability. About 1305 households were covered. Primary data were gathered through census by the aid of structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and Logistic regression models were deployed for data analysis. The study found that sex and duration for searching employment were statistically significant and had positive influence on youth being unemployed. Sex were 1.1 and duration of searching for employment 6 months to one year was 4.1 and more than 2 years was 6.5 times more likely to influence youth unemployment respectively. Regarding to vulnerability, unemployment was highly statistically significant (p<0.001) in influencing youth inability to access health services, pursue further education and lack of participation in leadership and giving out their opinions. Unemployed youth were more than 13 times and 16 times their employed counterparts to suffer vulnerability in lack access to health services and further education respectively. The study recommends that development actors should develop gender and age specific youth employment strategies. Female should be targeted for better quality education to enable them qualify for employment. The study recommends that the government should strengthen the informal sector and encourage them to create more employment opportunities. Also the youth should be encouraged to be employed in the informal sector which does not require experience which majority of youth.

This paper examines the impact of undecided voters in elections campaigns in Israel. The question asked here is if undecided voters can break the political dead-lock which became evident in four consecutive elections in just two years – between 2019 and 2021. The paper argues that the crucial role of undecided voters is the result of four main developments. The first is the multi-party parliamentary system, which allows the voters to swing between different parties and influence on handful of options to form coalition government. The parliamentary system emphasizes the excessive and crucial role of small parties to determine who will be in power – which means that they are in a position to impose their extreme ideology on the entire society. The second is that participation in elections is constantly declining, increasing the impact of motivated voters who follow the campaigns closely before making their final decision. The fact that this audience is persuaded by specific events and not by ideology or social identity allows to maximize the impact of their vote. The third is related to technological and cultural changes. Digital and social media have become popular among Israeli young people and first time voters, allowing them to promote new social and political behavior and bypass the censorship of traditional media and the traditional ideology of non-first time voters and the old political establishment.

DISCLAIMER: The present Project Deliverable has been submitted to the European Commission for review. The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. This deliverable describes the Beta Version of the Inclusive Toolbox for Citizen Social Science, developed by the CoAct research team at the University of Vienna. The Toolbox allows for young people to independently conduct a social science research project on the topic of education and employment. The Toolbox is developed in two formats – a digital version using the app "Actionbound" and a non-digital version in form of a card game. This report describes the theoretical and methodological foundations of the Toolbox, as well as its guiding principles. It outlines the development processes to date and presents the general concept of the Toolbox, including the digital and non-digital version. It also provides initial insights into the content and structure of the digital Toolbox. After the experiences from first trial rounds with young people are shared, the next steps for the upcoming months until the completion of the Toolbox are outlined.

The article discusses the phenomenon of English as a Medium of Instruction in the global tertiary education context and the way it influences governmental policies and university approaches to admission and recruitment procedures. The authors have undertaken a compare and contrast research approach to EMI policies in Russia and Egypt derived from the analysis of the contexts of European and Arab countries. The purpose of the article is to discover common ground and trends typical for both countries as well as to outline the differences, further analysis of which could serve as a basis for future developments in EMI strategy pursued by both countries. The study revealed the common trends in EMI implementation policies in both countries including governmental country-wide projects with sufficient funding aimed at boosting universities' global competitiveness as well as positive attitude toward EMI. However, the extent of governmental involvement and support in EMI training and academic programs' provision represents a challenge. Moreover, the authors analyze the universities' policies in both countries in terms of implementing EMI programs, admission and recruitment requirements. Similarities and differences as well as recommendations and issues to be addressed in the nearest future by both countries are identified. The research showed that the EMI phenomenon, being a new trend for both Egypt and Russia, provides new horizons for expansion into the global educational market; however, it poses many challenges.

СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОЕ ПЛАНИРОВАНИЕ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ СУБЪЕКТОВ ХОЗЯЙСТВОВАНИЯ В КОНКУРЕНТНОЙ СРЕДЕ / В. С. МЕШКОВА, К. Ю. КОЗИЙ ; ГОУ ВПО "ДОНАУИГС" // Сборник научных работ серии «Финансы, учет, аудит». Вып. 24. – Донецк : ГОУ ВПО «ДОНАУИГС», 2021. – С. 114-123. Для современного окружения, в котором функционируют отечественные предприятия, характерны противоречивые тенденции положительных сдвигов в контексте углубления прозрачности в 115 сотрудничестве с зарубежными рынками, а также повышение уровня неопределѐнности, вызванного посткризисными тенденциями и политической нестабильностью. Исходя из этого в ходе процесса формирования эффективной системы планирования следует принимать во внимание как внутренние особенности предприятия, так и внешние факторы. Ключевые слова: глобальная экономика, инвестиционный глобализм, глобальный инвестиционный рынок, циклично-кризисное развитие, конкурентная бизнес-среда. STRATEGIC PLANNING OF THE ACTIVITIES OF BUSINESSES IN A COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT / V. S. MESHKOVA, K.Yu. KOZIY ; SEE HPE "DAMPA" // Collection of scientific works of the series «Finance, accounting, audit». Issue 24. – Donetsk : SEE HPE "DAMPA", 2021. – Р. 114-123. The modern environment in which domestic enterprises operate is characterized by contradictory positive trends in the context of deepening transparency in cooperation with foreign markets, as well as an increase in the level of uncertainty caused by post-crisis trends and political instability. Based on this, during the process of forming an effective planning system, both the internal characteristics of the enterprise and external factors should be taken into account. Keywords: global economy, investment globalism, global investment market, cyclical crisis development, competitive business environment

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type one is becoming more common across the world, and the number of new cases of diabetes is raising concerns about the development of acute and chronic problems. Complications have long been recognized as a primary source of significant morbidity and death in children with type one diabetes mellitus across the world. This study aimed to see how well diabetic children's caregivers were informed of the consequences of type one diabetes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among children's parentages of youngsters with type one diabetics attending the King Fahd Military Complex in Dhahran. Results: A total of 84 caregivers were included in this study, mothers were predominant to fathers (M= 95.2%, F= 4.8%). The research disclosed that most of the caregivers 51% had a fair degree of understanding regarding the acute complications of Type 1DM, while 44% had good knowledge. There was a solid statistical correlation between educational level and awareness of type 1DM problems (pvalue = 0.004), as well as a considerable difference in understanding scores between caregivers (p-value 0.032). Conclusion: The data revealed that there was a statistically significant link between educational level and awareness of the consequences of type one diabetes, with fathers having the least knowledge. Diabetes teaching is an important aspect of diabetes care, and the health education department should focus on all areas of diabetes selfmanaging instruction

The introduction of coffee into Nigeria was as far back as the 1920 s but the crop has been growing in Nigeria since the late 1890 s. Large-scale production of coffee started in the 1940 s but increased in the early to mid-1950 s. Coffee is known to be a source of income generation, adds to the socio-economic value of the household and also led to the development of the producing states especially Kogi state which is one of the major producers of Robusta coffee in Nigeria. Coffee demand is rising globally, while output in Nigeria has decreased from 1961 to 2019. This study aims to examine coffee production trends in Nigeria, factors mitigating its production and recommend possible solutions to improve the production. Previous research has showed a declining trend in coffee output, which has been linked to: poor pricing and marketing; old coffee trees; lack of training on good agricultural practices; lack of government support in the coffee sector; lack of input; climate change; lack of capital or access to credit and lack of improved technology which has led to poor productivity and abandoned farmlands. To improve coffee production; rehabilitation of old trees and implementation of improved technology should be encouraged, an improvement on processing technique that can increase the quality of the coffee thereby increasing the market value. Farmers should be given priority in terms of finance and quick access to loans.

Currently, most traditional banks provide digital services and the government encourages people to use cashless payments in their everyday life, particularly during the pandemic when the demand for avoiding physical encounters is getting higher. There is a growing trend in the development of digital-only banks, a fully virtual bank without individual physical branches where all banking activities operate through mobile applications. Fully virtual operations change how individuals experience the service, and subsequently, their consumption and financial habits. This research explores the experiential factors affecting digital-only banking services among the generation Y and Z. A mixed-method approach was applied using semi-structured interviews and empirical surveys. We interviewed 20 respondents to explore customers' experiences, followed by a survey to test the hypotheses developed from the proposed factors to 402 respondents aged 17-35 who used digital banking in the past six months. We analyzed the relationship of eight variables when using digital-only banking: economic value, ease of use, social influence, firm reputation, promotion, features, curiosity, and reward. Results show that all variables except curiosity and sales promotion significantly impact intention to use digital-only banking. Creating an attractive and simple digital banking interface is important to support an ease-of-use experience for customers. However, to ensure positive customer experiences, other factors must be applied, such as rewards, unique features, and positive word-of-mouth.

The introductory contribution to this special issue on "Political Theory of the Digital Constellation" addresses the conditions and possibilities of political theory's engagement with digital developments. The motivation for this inquiry is the growing interest in questions of political theory arising from the digital transformation, as well as the acknowledgement that digitalisation not only changes politics, but conversely that politics also shapes digitalisation. The article identifies three pitfalls of previous engagement: The narrowing of the subject of "digitalisation" to the topic of the "internet" and, thereby, to the aspect of communication, the disregard for the technicality of the digital, and the insufficient recognition that (digital) technology is political. To avoid these pitfalls, the research perspective of the digital constellation is presented. The digital constellation serves as an epistemological guide that helps to structure theoretical reflection on the interrelationship between digitalisation and political questions. Ultimately, the outlines of the political theory in the digital constellation become clear in the fourteen contributions of the special volume, which are presented in conclusion. ; Der einführende Beitrag zum Sonderheft "Politische Theorie der digitalen Konstellation" widmet sich den Bedingungen und Möglichkeiten der politiktheoretischen Auseinandersetzung mit digitalen Entwicklungen. Das wachsende Interesse an politiktheoretischen Fragen im Kontext der digitalen Transformation und die Erkenntnis der politischen Gestaltbarkeit von Digitalisierung, bilden den Anlass für die Beschäftigung. Der Beitrag identifiziert drei Fallstricke der bisherigen Auseinandersetzung: Die Engführung des Gegenstands Digitalisierung auf den Aspekt des Internets und damit der Kommunikation, die Missachtung der Technizität digitaler Phänomene und die mangelnde Anerkennung der politischen Aspekte von (digitaler) Technik. Um diese Fallstricke zu vermeiden, wird die Forschungsperspektive der digitalen ...

Legislating for an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) is complex, due to the holistic nature of EAF involving multiple factors that underpin the social, economic, environmental, and institutional aspects of fisheries sustainability. These factors include ecosystems integration, risks, inter-sectoral collaboration, research, participatory processes, monitoring, control, surveillance, and enforcement, among others. To assess how an EAF is being implemented through national policy and legal frameworks, FAO developed A diagnostic tool for implementing an ecosystem approach to fisheries through national policy and legal frameworks. The present legal report on the EAF used the diagnostic tool to assess the alignment of selected policy and legal instruments of Ghana with an EAF. This assessment analysed the extent to which 82 EAF legal requirements, which are considered the minimum standards in legislating for an EAF, are reflected in Ghana's policies and legislation relevant to the fisheries sector of the country and other relevant sectors (such as environment, wildlife, ecosystems, and maritime affairs). Based on this preliminary diagnosis, gaps were identified in the assessed instruments, and recommendations were made for improving the implementation of an EAF. This report was elaborated following a participatory approach with the involvement of the national competent authorities of Ghana. Drafted in July 2021, the report was submitted to the national authorities of Ghana in October 2021. The Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development of Ghana and the Fisheries Commission endorsed this EAF Legal Report of Ghana in December 2021.

This paper presents a case study on developing a relationship of success factors affecting to the sustainable solar energy success project implementation model. The model adopted partial least square (PLS) approach of structural equation modelling (SEM) and developed in SmartPLS software.The model comprised of six exogenous constructs of success factors and one endogenous construct of sustainable solar energy success. The data used to develop the model was derived from 295 valid responses of a questionnaire survey amongst the UAE employees of energy sectors. The survey adopted simple random sampling technique in respondents' selection. The developed model was evaluated at the measurement and structural components of the model it was found that the model has achieved its goodness-of-fit, GoF criteria of 0.518 which indicates that the model has substantial validating power. When conducting hypothesis testing using bootstrapping function on the model, it was found that four of the constructs are significant based on t-value and p-value. The four significant constructs are economy, environment, technology and government support in relation with the sustainable solar energy project. Unfortunately, the other two exogenous constructs that are not significant are organisational and management (OAM) and Technology (TEC). These unsignificant relationships are due to the characteristics of the collected data which is not strong enough to establish significant relationship as what have been hypothesized. The findings are contributions to any parties that involved in the development of sustainable solar energy project.

(1) Background: Every year, 2.5 million neonates die, mostly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), in total disregard of their fundamental human rights. Many of these deaths are preventable. For decades, the leading causes of neonatal mortality (prematurity, perinatal hypoxia, and infection) have been known, so why does neonatal mortality fail to diminish effectively? A bottom-up understanding of neonatal morbi-mortality and neonatal rights is essential to achieve adequate progress, and so is increased visibility. (2) Methods: We performed an overview on the leading causes of neonatal morbi-mortality and analyzed the key interventions to reduce it with a bottom-up approach: from the clinician in the field to the policy maker. (3) Results and Conclusions: Overall, more than half of neonatal deaths in LMIC are avoidable through established and well-known cost-effective interventions, good quality antenatal and intrapartum care, neonatal resuscitation, thermal care, nasal CPAP, infection control and prevention, and antibiotic stewardship. Implementing these requires education and training, particularly at the bottom of the healthcare pyramid, and advocacy at the highest levels of government for health policies supporting better newborn care. Moreover, to plan and follow interventions, better-quality data are paramount. For healthcare developments and improvement, neonates must be acknowledged as humans entitled to rights and freedoms, as stipulated by international law. Most importantly, they deserve more respectful care.