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Part of the maps, plans and diagrams folded. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Intro -- URANIUM MINING AND MANAGEMENT: FEDERAL CONSIDERATIONS -- URANIUM MINING AND MANAGEMENT: FEDERAL CONSIDERATIONS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 URANIUM MINING: OPPORTUNITIES EXIST TO IMPROVE OVERSIGHT OF FINANCIAL ASSURANCES -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- ABBREVIATIONS -- BACKGROUND -- AGENCIES DIFFER IN THEIR OVERSIGHT OF URANIUM OPERATIONS ON FEDERAL LAND -- BLM, the Forest Service, and DOE Have Different Processes for Notification of Exploration or Extraction -- BLM, the Forest Service, and DOE Differ in Their Oversight of Financial Assurances -- Unlike BLM and the Forest Service, DOE Earns Royalties and Rents from Uranium Operations -- OVER 200 URANIUM OPERATIONS ARE ON FEDERAL LAND, BUT FEW ARE ACTIVELY EXTRACTING URANIUM -- Uranium Operations on BLM Land Are Generally Engaged in Exploration or Reclamation -- Three Uranium Operations Are on Forest Service Land -- All 9 Mines on DOE's Lease Tracts Are on Standby -- AGENCY DATA INDICATE THAT FINANCIAL ASSURANCES ADEQUATELY COVER NEARLY ALL OPERATIONS, BUT BLM AND NRC DO NOT COORDINATE IN ESTABLISHING SOME ASSURANCES -- BLM Had Financial Assurances to Cover Reclamation Costs for Nearly All Operations, but Some Issues Exist Regarding Agency Oversight -- BLM and NRC Do Not Coordinate when Establishing and Reviewing Assurances for ISR Operations -- The Forest Service and DOE Have Adequate Financial Assurances to Cover Reclamation Costs for Uranium Activity -- FEDERAL AGENCIES DO NOT HAVE RELIABLE DATA ON THE NUMBER AND LOCATION OF ABANDONED URANIUM MINES OR THEIR ASSOCIATED CLEANUP COSTS -- Federal Data on Abandoned Uranium Mines Are Unreliable -- Cleanup Costs for Abandoned Uranium Mines Vary Greatly, Depending on Site-Specific Conditions -- CONCLUSION -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXECUTIVE ACTION -- AGENCY COMMENTS

Resource-rich countries are increasingly aiming to benefit from technology and knowledge spillovers in their extractive industries. In order to enhance knowledge spillovers, host country governments require natural resources companies to hire and train local workers, to engage in supplier development programs, and to be active in cooperative research agreements with local partners. Based on the South African innovation survey, this paper shows that companies active in the natural resources sector will more likely introduce product or process innovations if they engage in cooperative research agreements with foreign customers or suppliers. Furthermore, compared to mining companies and downstream firms, mining suppliers are more likely to introduce product innovations that are new to the market. Furthermore, the absorptive capacity of firms, proxied by a firm's own investment in R&D is an important determinant of both product and process innovations by firms in the mining sector. Finally, firms with more skilled workers will more likely introduce new or significantly improved services.