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Catrin Misselhorn: Künstliche Intelligenz und Empathie - Vom Leben mit Emotionserkennung, Sexrobotern & Co. Ditzingen: Reclam 2021. 978-3-15-961840-1

Maschinen werden immer selbständiger, autonomer, intelligenter. Ihr Vormarsch ist kaum mehr zu stoppen. Dabei geraten sie in Situationen, die moralische Entscheidungen verlangen. Doch können Maschinen überhaupt moralisch handeln? Mit diesen Fragen beschäftigt sich die Philosophin Catrin Misselhorn. Sie erläutert die Grundlagen einer neuen Disziplin an der Schnittstelle von Philosophie, Informatik und Robotik am Beispiel von autonomen Waffensystemen, Pflegerobotern und autonomem Fahren: Doch was unterscheidet uns Menschen am Ende noch von solchen moralischen Maschinen? Mit einem ausführlichen Glossar der Fachbegriffe präsentiert sich hier das Grundlagenwerk zur Maschinenethik.

Emotionale künstliche Intelligenz gilt als Schlüsseltechnologie der Zukunft. Künstliche Systeme sollen mitfühlend sein und Empathie in uns auslösen. Doch wie erkennen und verarbeiten künstliche Systeme menschliche Emotionen? Können sie echte Gefühle und Empathie empfinden? Führt die Entwicklung schmerzempfindlicher Roboter in der Biorobotik zur Auflösung der Grenze hin zu biologischen Organismen? Haben wir auch moralische Pflichten gegenüber Robotern, die unser Mitgefühl rühren? Und was ist von Roboterliebe und Sexrobotern zu halten? Die Expertin für Maschinenethik Catrin Misselhorn diskutiert die ethischen und technischen Aspekte dieser Fragen an anschaulichen Beispielen aus der Praxis und gibt einen Überblick über neue Tendenzen der emotionalen Künstlichen Intelligenz, sozialen Robotik und Biorobotik

Although the world has seen a strong increase in global incomes in the last two decades and consequently a decline in global poverty rates, the number of persons living in absolute poverty remains on unacceptably high levels. Besides rising incomes can not distract from the fact that resources to fight global problems remain scarce. These resources have to be devoted to the fight against different global problems like the fight against communicable and non-communicable diseases (especially HIV/AIDS and Malaria) or the fight against global warming. The main precondition to achieve the best results with these limited resources is a good knowledge about the determinants and the best policies to fight each problem. But before being able to analyze the determinants of the different global problems and especially of poverty, it is of fundamental importance to find the right indicators for each phenomenon. This book contributes to the discussion of appropriate poverty indicators for the different dimensions of poverty like income poverty, undernutrition and child mortality and proposes a multidimensional poverty indicator that takes the income distribution into consideration.

Cover -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Introduction and Overview -- 1 The Semi-Elasticity of Poverty Reduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Influence of Income and Distribution Changes -- 1.3 Growth Elasticity versus Semi-Elasticity -- 1.4 Empirical Results -- 1.5 Conclusion -- 2 Undernutrition and the Nutrition Transition -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Data -- 2.3 The new WHO Child Growth Standard -- 2.4 The Nutrition Transition -- 2.5 Results -- 2.5.1 The theoretical composition of the underweight indicator -- 2.5.2 The empirical composition of the underweight indicator -- 2.5.3 The Composition of Undernutrition across countries -- 2.5.4 Composition of Undernutrition across subgroups -- 2.5.5 Changes in Undernutrition over Time -- 2.6 Conclusion -- 3 A Regional Puzzle of Child Mortality and Undernutrition -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Child Mortality and Undernutrition -- 3.1.2 The South Asia - Sub-Saharan Africa Enigma -- 3.2 Methodology -- 3.2.1 Multilevel Analysis -- 3.2.2 The Basic Multilevel Model -- 3.2.3 Model Specification -- 3.3 Empirical Analysis -- 3.3.1 Data Description -- 3.3.2 Descriptive Statistics -- 3.3.3 Regression Results -- 3.3.4 Simulations -- 3.4 Conclusion -- 4 A Human Development Index by Income Groups -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Methodology -- 4.2.1 General idea and overview -- 4.2.2 Imputing income for DHS households -- 4.2.3 Calculating the life expectancy index by income quintiles -- 4.2.4 Calculating the education index by income quintiles -- 4.2.5 Calculating the GDP index by income quintiles -- 4.2.6 Calculating the overall HDI and the HDI by income quintiles -- 4.2.7 Calculating the HDI by income quintiles for OECD countries -- 4.3 Illustrating sample of countries -- 4.4 Results -- 4.5 Limits of the approach -- 4.6 Conclusion -- Appendix B -- Appendix C -- Appendix D -- Bibliography.

Although the world has seen a strong increase in global incomes in the last two decades and consequently a decline in global poverty rates, the number of persons living in absolute poverty remains on unacceptably high levels. Besides rising incomes can not distract from the fact that resources to fight global problems remain scarce. These resources have to be devoted to the fight against different global problems like the fight against communicable and non-communicable diseases (especially HIV/AIDS and Malaria) or the fight against global warming. The main precondition to achieve the best results with these limited resources is a good knowledge about the determinants and the best policies to fight each problem. But before being able to analyze the determinants of the different global problems and especially of poverty, it is of fundamental importance to find the right indicators for each phenomenon. This book contributes to the discussion of appropriate poverty indicators for the different dimensions of poverty like income poverty, undernutrition and child mortality and proposes a multidimensional poverty indicator that takes the income distribution into consideration

Although the world has seen a strong increase in global incomes in the last two decades and consequently a decline in global poverty rates, the number of persons living in absolute poverty remains on unacceptably high levels. Besides rising incomes can not distract from the fact that resources to fight global problems remain scarce. These resources have to be devoted to the fight against different global problems like the fight against communicable and non-communicable diseases (especially HIV/AIDS and Malaria) or the fight against global warming. The main precondition to achieve the best results with these limited resources is a good knowledge about the determinants and the best policies to fight each problem. But before being able to analyze the determinants of the different global problems and especially of poverty, it is of fundamental importance to find the right indicators for each phenomenon. This book contributes to the discussion of appropriate poverty indicators for the different dimensions of poverty like income poverty, undernutrition and child mortality and proposes a multidimensional poverty indicator that takes the income distribution into consideration.

Although the world has seen a strong increase in global incomes in the last two decades and consequently a decline in global poverty rates, the number of persons living in absolute poverty remains on unacceptably high levels. Besides rising incomes can not distract from the fact that resources to fight global problems remain scarce. These resources have to be devoted to the fight against different global problems like the fight against communicable and non-communicable diseases (especially HIV/AIDS and Malaria) or the fight against global warming. The main precondition to achieve the best results with these limited resources is a good knowledge about the determinants and the best policies to fight each problem. But before being able to analyze the determinants of the different global problems and especially of poverty, it is of fundamental importance to find the right indicators for each phenomenon. This book contributes to the discussion of appropriate poverty indicators for the different dimensions of poverty like income poverty, undernutrition and child mortality and proposes a multidimensional poverty indicator that takes the income distribution into consideration.

Although the world has seen a strong increase in global incomes in the last two decades and consequently a decline in global poverty rates, the number of persons living in absolute poverty remains on unacceptably high levels. Besides rising incomes can not distract from the fact that resources to fight global problems remain scarce. These resources have to be devoted to the fight against different global problems like the fight against communicable and non-communicable diseases (especially HIV/AIDS and Malaria) or the fight against global warming. The main precondition to achieve the best results with these limited resources is a good knowledge about the determinants and the best policies to fight each problem. But before being able to analyze the determinants of the different global problems and especially of poverty, it is of fundamental importance to find the right indicators for each phenomenon. This book contributes to the discussion of appropriate poverty indicators for the different dimensions of poverty like income poverty, undernutrition and child mortality and proposes a multidimensional poverty indicator that takes the income distribution into consideration.

Dieses Buch handelt von der gleichberechtigten Teilhabe aller Bürgerinnen und Bürger an der Arbeitswelt. Dabei werden aktuelle Entwicklungen in Recht und Praxis berücksichtigt. Aktuelle Themen der Inklusionsforschung kommen zur Sprache, wie die Bedeutung der Arbeit für das individuelle gute Leben und das Zusammenleben in der Gesellschaft, Standards guter oder zumindest menschwürdiger Arbeit und Arbeitsbedingungen, die Verbesserung der Inklusion bisher marginalisierter Personengruppen in die Arbeitswelt sowie Fragen nach den legitimen Grenzen sozialer Teilhabe