Suchergebnisse

Pertumbuhan pembangunan hotel, apartemen dan kondotel dinilai tidak ramah bagi pelaku usaha, karena berkaitan dengan rendahnya tingkat okupansi dan persaingan harga pada layanan sejenis. Pemerintah menanggapi permasalahan ini dengan menerbitkan kebijakan moratorium untuk izin usaha hotel dan sejenisnya. Namun, setelah pemerintah menerbitkan kebijakan moratorium, jumlah usaha tidak mengalami stagnasi, bahkan meningkat signifikan bila dibandingkan sebelum pemerintah menetapkan kebijakan moratorium. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui dimensi ambiguitas dalam kebijakan dan proses implementasi kebijakan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan ambiguitas-konflik Matland. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa peningkatan jumlah usaha setelah penerbitan kebijakan moratorium diinisiasi oleh ambiguitas tujuan dalam kebijakan dan ambiguitas sarana dalam proses implementasi kebijakan.The growth in the construction of hotels, apartments, and condotels is considered unfriendly to business actors because it is related to low occupancy rates and price competition for similar services. The government responded to this problem by issuing a moratorium policy for hotel business permits and the like. However, after the government issued a moratorium policy, the number of businesses did not stagnate, even increasing significantly when compared to before the government enacted the moratorium policy. This study uses a qualitative research type with a descriptive approach that aims to determine the dimensions of ambiguity in policy and policy implementation processes. The data collection techniques used were observation, interview, and documentation. In this study, the authors used Matland's conflict ambiguity. The results showed that the increase in the number of businesses after the issuance of the moratorium policy was initiated by the ambiguity of objectives in policy and ambiguity of means in the policy implementation process.

A review of the policy implementation literature finds the field split into two major schools, top-down & bottom-up. Previous attempts to reconcile these models are described, followed by an alternative model that reconciles these approaches by concentrating on the theoretical significance of ambiguity & conflict for policy implementation. A number of factors crucial to the implementation process are identified as varyingly dependent on a policy's ambiguity & conflict level. Four policy implementation paradigms are identified & the relevance of the existing literature to these conditions is discussed: (1) low conflict-low ambiguity (administrative implementation), (2) high conflict-low ambiguity (political implementation), (3) high conflict-high ambiguity (symbolic implementation), & (4) low conflict-high ambiguity (experimental implementation). 1, 71 References. Adapted from the source document.

A response to the paper in this journal issue by Valerie J. Martinez et al (see abstract in SA 44:4) on school choice programs in low-income urban areas. The question is raised of whether the economic model of school choice is appropriate, since the loss of consumers (in this case, students) is only a successful means of organizational motivation if it threatens the organization's existence. For school choice programs to succeed according to the economic model, the loss of students to competing schools must be great. It is argued that this student loss has never been great enough to provide the required motivation, & it is recommended that proponents of school choice face & resolve this problem before implementing their programs on a larger scale. 11 References. M. Wagner

This article describes a field experiment designed to test the efficacy of get-out-the-vote (GOTV) techniques in a new context and for an understudied population. It evaluates the effectiveness of nonpartisan GOTV messages delivered via personal contact and mail in a heavily Latino community during the 2004 presidential campaign. It proposes and tests an alternative model of voter turnout based on Zaller's receive–accept–sample model of public opinion. The findings are consistent with the authors' predictions; mobilization efforts increase turnout, but mobilization effects vary across citizens based on their propensity to vote. There is a large increase among episodic voters but little increase among habitual or registered nonvoters.

This article describes a field experiment designed to test the efficacy of get-out-the-vote (GOTV) techniques in a new context and for an understudied population. It evaluates the effectiveness of nonpartisan GOTV messages delivered via personal contact and mail in a heavily Latino community during the 2004 presidential campaign. It proposes and tests an alternative model of voter turnout based on Zaller's receive-accept-sample model of public opinion. The findings are consistent with the authors' predictions; mobilization efforts increase turnout, but mobilization effects vary across citizens based on their propensity to vote. There is a large increase among episodic voters but little increase among habitual or registered nonvoters. Adapted from the source document.

We present an experiment conducted in Russia testing the effectiveness of mail surveys for collecting social scientific data. Our primary focus is on testing the social exchange and economic exchange theories of mail survey participation. In addition, we randomly vary several conditions which were found to impact mail response rates in Western studies. Our findings confirm the effectiveness of the social exchange model in a non-Western context. For those exposed to all conditions our response rates were >50%, indicating the viability of mail surveys from a comparative methods perspective. A rich sampling frame provides an opportunity to test for survey nonresponse bias. Our tests demonstrate only small differences between those who responded to the survey and those who did not. Adapted from the source document.

A reply to the critiques by John F. Witte, Richard E. Matland, & Valerie E. Lee of the article in this journal issue, "The Consequences of School Choice: Who Leaves and Who Stays in the Inner City?" by Martinez et al (see abstracts of all in SA 44:4). The article is defended against critics who question whether the economic model of school choice would work as well as its proponents expect. It is maintained that the success of this economic model depends on properly designing the school voucher program. 4 References. M. Wagner

Draws on mail questionnaire data (N = approximately 3,000 responses from households in San Antonio, TX) to explore factors that distinguish families who choose a private or out-of-area school vs enrolling their children in the school in their area of residence. Multivariate techniques are employed to model the characteristics of the choosing families, revealing a high degree of parental involvement & a higher level of maternal education. Choosing parents have significantly higher educational expectations for their children than nonchoosing parents. It is recommended that, before a child reaches school age, parents should receive information about the benefits of education & choice options. Choice programs will increase or decrease equality of opportunity depending on program design. 3 Tables, 33 References. Adapted from the source document.

Abstract Using a classification of public policy developed by Matland, we examine implementation of policy on adult protection as outlined in 'No Secrets', the government's guidance to local agencies. This policy appears to exemplify a 'high‐ambiguity/low‐conflict' model. Detailed interviews with staff charged with developing multi‐agency procedures, in local authority departments, health authorities, the police and the voluntary sector, confirmed the ambiguity of the policy and the uncertainty experienced by staff as a consequence. However, the interviews also revealed a number of areas of conflict, particularly as people gave precedence to their own professional norms and organizational priorities over partnership working.

AbstractThe landmark United States healthcare reform law – the Affordable Care Act – provides an opportunity to study the dynamics of implementation for complex, politically contentious policies. Matland's Ambiguity-Conflict Model suggests that bottom-up models will dominate in such cases. I exploit variation across states in the implementation of online health insurance marketplaces to test whether the federal- (top-down) or state-managed (bottom-up) implementation model produced better outcomes. Specifically, the study examines if state, federal or partnership exchanges were most effective at offering generous plans for consumers based on premiums, deductibles and copayments in 2014, the first year of operation. The results unambiguously indicate that state exchanges were most successful. The findings provide evidence for what Matland suspected – that bottom-up models, by providing more discretion to local implementers to adapt to contexts and build coalitions, are superior for high-conflict, high-ambiguity policies.

The issue of gender stereotyping of political candidates has been substantially researched in Western developed democracies (e.g. Sapiro 1982, Huddy and Terkildsen 1993, Kahn 1994, Matland 1994, Aalberg and Jenssen 2007), yet under- researched in the context of new democracies in Central and Eastern Europe. Evidence in previous research suggests a certain discrepancy between attitudes toward the equal perception of political candidates that are explicitly articulated in surveys and the latent ones examined in experimental research. The purpose of this paper is to confront the existing literature with post-communist context found in Slovakia. During the communist regime, women were generally portrayed as practically equal in most areas of social life, which contrasts with conservative attitudes continuously present in the Slovak society. Additionally, Slovakia has had a recent experience with the female prime minister as Iveta Radičová served in this position between 2010 and 2012 as the head of a short-lived government. For the empirical part of the paper, we build on experimental designs utilized in existing literature. The data were collected through questionnaires among high- school students in Slovakia in which they were exposed to one of two versions of the same political speech including both explicit and implicit information about candidate's gender, which served as the treatment variable. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using hierarchical statistical models hypothesizing the effect of candidate's gender on the perception of his/her competence. The paper aims to fill the gap in the research of latent gender stereotyping of political candidates in Central and Eastern European countries.

1. Introduction / Drude Dahlerup -- 2. Arguing for and against quotas : theoretical issues / Carol Bacchi -- 3. The Nordic countries : an incremental model / Lenita Freidenvall, Drude Dahlerup and Hege Skjeie -- 4. Latin America : the experience and the impact of quotas in Latin America / Clara Araujo and Ana Isabel Garcia -- 5. Sub-Saharan Africa : on the fast track to women's political representation / Aili Tripp, Dior Konate and Colleen Lowe-Morna -- 6. The Balkans : from total rejection to gradual acceptance of gender quotas / Milica G. Antic and Sonja Lokar -- 7. The Arab region : women's access to the decision-making process across the Arab nation / Gihan Abou-Zeid with the assistance of Dina Obied -- 8. Western Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand : gender quotas in the context of citizenship models / Mona Lena Krook, Joni Lovenduski and Judith Squires -- 9. South Asia : gender quotas and the politics of empowerment : a comparative study / Shirin M. Rai, Farzana Bari, Nazmunnessa Mahtab and Bidyut Mohanty -- 10. Gender quotas in post-conflict states : East Timor, Afghanistan and Iraq / Julie Ballington and Drude Dahlerup -- 11. Indonesia : the struggle for gender quotas in the world's largest Muslim country / Cecilia Bylesjo and Francisia SSE Seda -- 12. Affirmative action at the IPU / Kareen Jabre -- 13. Electoral quotas : frequency and effectiveness / Richard E. Matland -- 14. Conclusion / Drude Dahlerup.

The implementation of the duties and functions of government institutions in the President's closest circle is an interesting thing to research. Its strategic position does not necessarily make its role carried out optimally. This can be seen from the function of providing policy recommendations carried out by the Cabinet Secretariat. Problems such as the disobedience of stakeholders to the flow of policy submissions, as well as problems on administrative matters such as supporting rules, communication strategies, information technology support, the effectiveness of policy monitoring, and the implementation of sanctions, have made the implementation of such functions not run optimally. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the implementation of the function of providing policy recommendations by the Cabinet Secretariat. The analytical framework used in this study is Policy Implementation Theory, particularly the Administrative Implementation Model by Matland (1995). This research uses the qualitative method that is descriptive analysis, with the focus of the research is the Cabinet Secretariat in the period 2015 until now. The result of this study is the implementation of the function of providing policy recommendations in dealing with various challenges and problems. However, improvement efforts have been made so that the performance of the function of providing policy recommendations, which is the main performance of the Cabinet Secretariat, can be more optimal.

The implementation of the duties and functions of government institutions in the President's closest circle is an interesting thing to research. Its strategic position does not necessarily make its role carried out optimally. This can be seen from the function of providing policy recommendations carried out by the Cabinet Secretariat. Problems such as the disobedience of stakeholders to the flow of policy submissions, as well as problems on administrative matters such as supporting rules, communication strategies, information technology support, the effectiveness of policy monitoring, and the implementation of sanctions, have made the implementation of such functions not run optimally. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the implementation of the function of providing policy recommendations by the Cabinet Secretariat. The analytical framework used in this study is Policy Implementation Theory, particularly the Administrative Implementation Model by Matland (1995). This research uses the qualitative method that is descriptive analysis, with the focus of the research is the Cabinet Secretariat in the period 2015 until now. The result of this study is the implementation of the function of providing policy recommendations in dealing with various challenges and problems. However, improvement efforts have been made so that the performance of the function of providing policy recommendations, which is the main performance of the Cabinet Secretariat, can be more optimal.

This thesis examine about the Implementation of Air Transportation Infrastructure Development in the North Moskona District, Teluk Bintuni Regency, West Papua Province as a form of elaboration from the Regional Regulation No. 4 of 2012 on Spatial Plan of Teluk Bintuni Regency of 2012 – 2032, as well as the follow up the society aspiration of North Moskona District about the difficulty of fulfill the necessities of life because of the difficulty of accessibility of transportation in isolated area. The purpose of this study is to investigate the implementation of air transportation infrastructure development, as well as find out about the barries and efforts made by the Regional Government of Teluk Bintuni Regency on the implementation of air transportation infrastructure development in the North Moskona District Teluk Bintuni Regency. The theory used in this research is the theory of policy implementation, policy implementation of Matland model using policy dimension that includes the substance of the policy, executing task behavior, interaction networks, the participation of target groups and resources. The research method using qualitative methods with observation and interview techniques. Results of this research is that the policy implementation of air transportation infrastructure in the North Moskona District not optimal in pratice due to the geograpichal conditions as isolated area, the limited number and capacity of officials implementing, limited availability of information and data that is accurate, the budget allocated in stages and limited quantities, and the difficulty of getting the asphalt material led to the implementation of air transportation infrastructure development in the North Moskona District Teluk Bintuni Regency, the provision of subsidies plane experienced problems in scheduling flights in the subsidied plane with funds from the budget of Teluk Bintuni Regency, and the slow process of completing the New Airport development with funds from regional funds (APBD) Teluk Bintuni Regency, and the development of access roads with funding from the state budget (APBN).Key Words : accessibility of transportation, the policy implementation, transportation infrastructure.