Suchergebnisse

This comparative article reveals how the general focus of Canadian and Russian threat perceptions in the Arctic have shifted from a Cold War fixation on hard defence to accommodate soft security issues over the last three decades. Both countries now pay greater attention to threats and challenges stemming from climate change, security, and safety risks associated with resource development and increasingly accessible sea routes. Although concern about military conflict arising from Arctic disputes continues to frame some media discussions in both countries, most strategic analysts and academics have moved away from this line of argument. Instead, military functions now include assertion of Canadian and Russian sovereignty over their respective internal waters, as well as protection of resources in their exclusive economic zones and on and in extended continental shelves; protection of economic interests in the North, including mineral and bio-resources; prevention of potential terrorist attacks against critical industrial and state infrastructure; and dual-use functions, such as search and rescue operations, surveillance of air and maritime spaces, support to safe navigation, and mitigation of natural and human-made catastrophes.
The authors argue that analysts should parse two forms of military modernization in the Arctic: one of capability development related to the global strategic balance, where the Arctic serves as a bastion or a thoroughfare; and a second intended to address emerging non-traditional security challenges. They contend that these modernization programs do not inherently upset the Arctic military balance and need not provoke a regional arms race.

In her well-known song, 'Når himmelen faller ned' ('When the Sky Falls Down'), the Norwegian musician Anne Grete Preus described snow as 'celestial tipp-ex' and a mighty 'wonder'. But what exactly is it that snow corrects? And what gives snow its power?

Snow's Formulas: A Natural Phenomenon in Literature attempts to answer these and similar questions by discussing the motif of snow in the context of modernization processes marked by increasing instrumentalization and rationalization. Snow transforms landscapes and defies modernity's innovations; it simultaneously obscures and accentuates, and also enchants. This process can be described in different ways: as the sublime's breakthrough in a philosophical, aesthetic sense, or, in a poetological sense, as non-mimetic writing. This strategy plays out in language, and the objective of this study has been to investigate snow's rhetoricity and how literary depictions of snow can be in response to the challenges of modernity. The book includes readings of texts by H.C. Andersen, Olaf Bull, Hans Børli, Paul Celan, Alexander Kielland, Jonas Lie, Tor Ulven and Tarjei Vesaas, among others.

The relationship between snow and modernity is illustrated from a dual perspective. Emphasis is placed on the individual's position and self-perception within the process of modernization, as well as on the aesthetical problems that arise when writing about snow. Snow makes a white surface; it 'overwrites' the ground and encourages a non-mimetic poetry. Snow can be said to be an engine of modern aesthetics that does not take language's referential aspect for granted. - I sin kjente låt Når himmelen faller ned betegner Anne Grete Preus snø som «himmelsk korrekturlakk» og et mektig «under». Men hva er det egentlig som snø må korrigere, og i hva består dens makt?

Snøens formler: Et naturfenomen i litteraturen søker svar på slike spørsmål idet snømotivet diskuteres på bakgrunn av moderniseringsprosessen, kjennetegnet ved økende instrumentalisering og rasjonalisering. Snø forandrer landskapet og sier modernitetens nyttetenkning imot; den tildekker og aksentuerer samtidig og fortryller. Denne prosessen kan beskrives på forskjellige måter: som det sublimes gjennombrudd i filosofisk-estetisk henseende, eller, i poetologisk henseende, som en form for avrealisering. Denne strategien utspiller seg i språk, og formålet med denne studien er å granske snøens retorisitet og hvordan den litterære fremstillingen av snø svarer på modernitetens utfordringer. Boken inneholder lesninger av blant annet H.C. Andersen, Olaf Bull, Hans Børli, Paul Celan, Alexander Kielland, Jonas Lie, Tor Ulven og Tarjei Vesaas.

Forholdet mellom snø og modernitet belyses fra et dobbeltperspektiv. Søkelyset rettes på individets stilling og selvforståelse i moderniseringsprosessen, men også på estetiske spørsmål som reiser seg når det diktes om snø. Snøen lager en hvit flate, den «overskriver» jorden og spiller på denne måten en amimetisk poetikk i hendene. Snø kan sies å være en pådriver av en moderne estetisk posisjon som ikke tar språkets referensielle side for gitt.

After a period of relative neglect in the 1990s and early 2000s, the Arctic is back on the agenda of the Russian authorities. To ensure efficient coordination and implementation of its Arctic strategy, the government in 2015 established a State Commission for Arctic Development. It was to serve as a platform for coordinating the implementation of the government's ambitious plans for the Arctic, for exchange of information among Arctic actors, and for ironing out interagency and interregional conflicts. Based on a case study of the State Commission for Arctic Development, this article has a twofold goal. First, it explores the current Russian domestic Arctic agenda, mapping key actors and priorities and examining the results achieved so far. Second, it discusses what this case study may tell us the about policy formulation and implementation in Russia today. We find that while the government's renewed focus on the Arctic Zone has yielded some impressive results, the State Commission has been at best a mixed success. The case study demonstrates how, in the context of authoritarian modernization, the Russian government struggles to come up with effective and efficient institutions for Arctic governance. Moreover, the widespread image of a Russian governance model based on a strictly hierarchic "power vertical" must be modified. Russia's Arctic policy agenda is characterized by infighting and bureaucratic obstructionism: even when Putin intervenes personally, achieving the desired goals can prove difficult.

Hans Nielsen Hauge established and led at the end of the 18th century Norway's first nationwide popular movement, a low church network that would leave its mark on everyday life, business development and politics in the transition from absolute monarchy to representational government. People called themselves Haugians long after Hauge's death in 1824. It was a spiritual awakening on a scale that deserves considerable room when we write the history of modern Norway.

This book provides a new perspective on the roots of the Hauge movement in the religious mentality of the 18th century, on how it functioned in its most radical phase up to 1814, and on the importance of the network for economic modernization and political mobilization in the subsequent decades. Retrospective interpretations of Hauge's complex endeavor are also explored. In sum, the nine chapters provide a broader understanding of the Hauge movement and the era in which it flourished. We hope that the book also sheds light on the state of Norway's people, government and religiosity today, over 250 years after Hauge's birth.

The book has been edited by research fellow Eli Morken Farstad and associate professor Kristian Holen Nymark, both historians at the University of South-Eastern Norway. - Hans Nielsen Hauge startet Norges første landsomfattende folkebevegelse på slutten av 1700-tallet. Det lavkirkelige nettverket satte sitt preg på hverdagsliv, næringsutvikling og politikk i overgangen fra enevelde til folkestyre. Folk kalte seg haugianere lenge etter Hauges død i 1824. En slik vekkelse må få stor plass når vi skriver historien om det moderne Norge.

Denne boka gir nye perspektiv på Hauge-bevegelsens røtter i 1700-tallets religiøse mentalitet, på hvordan vekkelsen virket i sin mest radikale fase fram mot 1814, og på nettverkets betydning for økonomisk modernisering og politisk mobilisering framover i hundreåret. Ettertidens fortolkning av Hauges mangslungne virksomhet blir også lagt under lupen. I sum gir de ni kapitlene en bredere forståelse av Hauge-bevegelsen og tiden den virket i. Vi håper at boka også kan kaste lys over folk, stat og religiøsitet i dag, over 250 år etter Hauges fødsel.

Boka er redigert av stipendiat Eli Morken Farstad og førsteamanuensis Kristian Holen Nymark, begge historikere ved Universitetet i Sørøst-Norge.