Suchergebnisse

O trabalho tem o objetivo de tentar reconhecer os reflexos comuns da "globalização" sobre as metrópoles iberoamericanas, escolhidas em função dos trabalhos de pesquisa realizados na Rede Iberoamericana de Investigadores. Inicialmente, procurou-se mostrar que dois aspectos, casados, tiveram importância fundamental sobre a formação e a atual reformulação das suas cidades e metrópoles: o desenvolvimento tardio e a atual crise sistêmica e estrutural da economia capitalista mundial. Compreendendo que a nova dinâmica econômica, regida pela desregulamentação e a flexibilização da relação salarial e a intensificação da segmentação do mercado de trabalho tem como conseqüência a tendência de polarização social, o trabalho identifica que a fragmentação sócioterritorial constitui um dos traços-comuns das metrópoles estudadas. À fragmentação sócio-territorial metropolitana, também corresponde uma fragmentação da gestão local e uma concentração do controle de grande parcela da economia mundial. Fazendo um corte transversal às questões comuns encontradas, buscou-se, como conclusão, a fixação de conceitos capazes de definir uma metrópole-tipo, geral, embora não se possa afirmar que tais conceitos sejam capazes de explicar o porte e a intensidade em que isso venha ocorrer em cada uma delas. Disso resultam metrópoles desagregadas socialmente, concentradas economicamente e fragmentadas espacialmente. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Desenvolvimento urbano, metropolização, economia urbana, economia regional e desenvolvimento regional. COMMON ASPECTS BETWEEN LATIN AMERICAN METROPOLISES Edgard Porto Edmilson Carvalho The objective of this work is to try to recognize globalization's common reflection over iberian-american metropolises, chosen by taking in consideration research works made by Rede Iberoamericana de Investidores. Initially, it was tried to demonstrate that the two following aspects, the late development and today's structural and systemic crisis lived by world capitalistic economy, considered together, had fundamental importance over formation and actual reformulation of theses cities and metropolises. Considering that the new economic dynamics – ruled by disregulation, flexibilization of salarial relations and by the intensification of job market segmentation – leads to a social polarization tendency, this text considers that social-territorial fragmentation constitutes one of the common traces of the studied metropolises. To the social-territorial metropolitan fragmentation corresponds a local management fragmentation as well as the control concentration observed in a major part of world economy. Making a transversal cut on some found common questions, it was considered as a conclusion the fixation of concepts which are able to define a typical metropolis, in general, although it can not be affirmed that these concepts are able to explain the amount and the intensity that they may happen to occur in each one of them. As a result we find metropolises that are socially disaggregated, economically concentrated and spatially fragmented. KEY WORDS: Urban development; metropolization; urban economy; regional economy; regional development. TRAITS D'UNION DES MÉTROPOLES LATINO-AMÉRICAINES Edgard Porto Edmilson Carvalho L'objectif de cet essai est d'essayer de reconnaître les réflexes de la "mondialisation" sur les métropoles ibéro-américaines, choisies en fonction des recherches réalisées dans le cadre du Réseau Ibéro-américain de Chercheurs. Tout d'abord, on a voulu montrer que deux aspects associés eurent une importance fondamentale sur la formation et la reformulation actuelle des villes et des métropoles: le développement tardif et l'actuelle crise systémique et structurelle de l'économie capitaliste mondiale. Par le fait de comprendre que la nouvelle dynamique économique, régie aussi bien par la déréglementation et par la flexibilité de la relation salariale que par l'intensification de la segmentation du marché de travail, a comme conséquence la tendance à la polarisation sociale, cet essai identifie que la fragmentation socioterritoriale constitue l'un des traits communs des métropoles étudiées. À la fragmentation socio-territoriale métropolitaine correspondent également une fragmentation de la gestion locale et une concentration du contrôle d'une grande parcelle de l'économie mondiale. En faisant une coupe transversale aux questions communes rencontrées, en guise de conclusion, on a cherché la fixation de concepts capables de définir une métropole type, générale, bien que tels concepts ne soient pas capables d'expliquer la portée et l'intensité que cela arrive à chacune d'entre elles. De cela résultent des métropoles désagrégées socialement, concentrées économiquement et fragmentées dans l'espace. MOTS-CLES: Développement urbain, métropolisation, économie urbaine, économie régionale et développement régional. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br

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