Suchergebnisse

Ist "mehr Europa" notwendig zur Überwindung der Eurokrise? Unter welchen Bedingungen ist eine weitere Harmonisierung nationaler Politik in der Europäischen Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion institutionell und gesellschaftlich durchsetzbar? Läuft die europäische Krisenpolitik der Entwicklung einer europäischen politischen Kultur zuwider? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen wird die Durchsetzbarkeit einer verstärkten politischen Harmonisierung innerhalb der EU untersucht.Da neben der institutionellen Umsetzung auch die Akzeptanz von strukturellen politischen Veränderungen in der Bevölkerung eine zentrale Rolle spielt, bildet auch die Frage nach der Entwicklung der politischen Kultur in Europa einen Schwerpunkt der Analyse. Hier widmet sich die Autorin Fragen nach demokratischer Legitimität, europäischer Identität und deren Bedeutung für eine erfolgreiche Umsetzung der empfohlenen Maßnahmen zur Harmonisierung der nationalen Politikfelder.

This book describes the global spread of nationalist-populism by rightwing and racist political parties; their impact on political, economic, and sociocultural globalization; and the corrosive impact of this ideology on the global liberal order that emerged after World War II under United States leadership. The global liberal order is a system of norms including peace and security, democracy, human rights, free trade, financial stability and support for a broad range of international governmental organizations and treaties fostering interstate and transnational cooperation to advance those norms and resolve collective problems. Examples of these organizations are the United Nations, European Union, NATO, World Health Organization, World Trade Organization, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and the Paris Climate Accord. Suitable for interested scholars and general readers as well as a classroom text. Yale H. Ferguson is Emeritus Distinguished Professor of Global and International Affairs, Rutgers University. He was Co-Director and remains a Professorial Fellow at the graduate Division of Global Affairs at Rutgers-Newark. He is an elected Member of the European Academy of Arts and Sciences and has been a Visiting Fellow at the University of Cambridge, the Norwegian Nobel Institute, and the University of Padova, as well as Fulbright and Honorary Professor at the University of Salzburg. Richard W. Mansbach is Professor of Political Science at Iowa State University. He formerly served as Chair of the Department of Political Science at Iowa State and at Rutgers University-New Brunswick. He was a Marshall Scholar at Oxford University and three times a Fulbright Professor, in Singapore, Seoul, and Vienna. He and Ferguson both received a Distinguished Scholar Award from the Historical International Relations Section of the International Studies Association in 2017. Ferguson and Mansbach have previously co-authored: Globalization: The Return of Borders to a Borderless World?; A World of Polities: Essays in Global Politics; Remapping Global Politics: History's Revenge and Future Shock; The Elusive Quest Continues: Theory and Global Politics; Polities: Authority, Identities, and Change; The State, Conceptual Chaos, and the Future of International Relations Theory; The Elusive Quest: Theory and International Politics; and The Web of World Politics: Nonstate Actors in the Global System.

Preface -- Foreword by Strobe Talbott -- The road to the 1991 industrial policy reforms and beyond : a personalized narrative from the trenches / Rakesh Mohan -- India's 1991 reforms : a retrospective overview / Montek Singh Ahluwalia -- Remembering 1991...and before / Omkar Goswami -- The political economy of reforms : the art of the possible / T. N. Ninan -- India's entry into the global economy / Martin Wolf -- Trade-policy reform in India since 1991 / Harsha Vardhana Singh -- Foreign policy in the wake of economic reforms : new options and friends / Shivshankar Menon -- Navigating the post -Cold War landscape : India's rise in a contested geopolitical space / Shyam Saran -- Security and sovereignty in an open economy : new thinking after 1991 / Sanjaya Baru -- India's governance challenges : why institutions matter / Sarwar Lateef -- Changing colours of government-business relations / Tarun Das -- Union-state relations and reforms / Y. Venugopal Reddy -- Energizing the states / Laveesh Bhandari -- 25 years of policy tinkering in agriculture / Ashok Gulati, Shweta Saini -- Indian manufacturing industry : on the path to global leadership / Baba Kalyani -- Political economy of petroleum sector deregulation / Vikram Singh Mehta -- India evolving : infrastructure since 1991 / Jessica Seddon, N. K. Singh -- Infrastructure : hopefully a renewed opportunity for the private sector / Vinayak Chatterjee -- Liberalization sans liberalism : the control raj and the perils of ideology and rents in higher education / Devesh Kapur -- Health care in India : a fork in the road / Nachiket Mor, Diva Shar, Sandhya Venkateswaran -- Reforms and the transformation of the monetary and banking sectors / C. Rangarajan -- Liberalizing Indian capital markets : highly successful reforms and an unfinished agenda / Jaimini Bhagwati -- Institution-building in the financial sector : the HDFC experience / Deepak Parekh -- Changes and challenges : corporate India since 1991 / Omkar Goswami -- Animal spirits : stray thoughts on the nature of entrepreneurship in India's business families after liberalization / Gita Piramal -- India's national innovation system : transformed or half-formed? / Naushad Forbes -- Consumer India's journey from zero to hero / Rama Bijapurkar -- Building a global-scale corporate in India / Mukesh D. Ambani -- Rise of the new entrepreneurial classes and the emergence of a high-growth economy / Sunil Bharti Mittal -- Liberalization and a tale of two companies : open the cage and let the birds fly / R. Gopalakrishnan -- 25 years of reform that led India's pharmaceutical and biotech industries towards global leadership / Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw -- The impact of the 1991 economic reforms on Indian businesses / Narayana Murthy

Structural causes and regime consequences : regimes as intervening variables (1982) / Stephen D. Krasner -- The demand for international regimes (1982) / Robert O. Keohane -- Democratic states and commitments in international relations (1996) / Kurt Taylor Gaubatz -- On compliance (1993) / Abram Chayes and Antonia Handler Chayes -- Is the good news about compliance good news about cooperation? (1996) / George Downs, David M. Rocke, and Peter Barsoom -- The concept of legalization (2000) / Kenneth Abbot [and others] -- Legalized dispute resolution : interstate and transnational (2000) / Robert Keohane, Andrew Moravcsik, and Anne-Marie Slaughter -- Legalization, trade liberalization, and domestic politics : a cautionary note (2000) / Judith Goldstein and Lisa L. Martin -- Alternatives to "legalization" : richer views of law and politics (2001) / Martha Finnemore and Stephen J. Toope -- Quasi-states, dual regimes, and neoclassical theory : international jurisprudence and the third world (1987) / Robert H. Jackson -- Which norms matter? revisiting the "failure" of internationalism (1997) / Jeffrey W. Legro -- The territorial integrity norm : international boundaries and the use of force (2001) / Mark Zacher -- Why are some international agreements informal? (1991) / Charles Lipson -- The politics of dispute settlement design : explaining legalism in regional trade pacts (2000) / James McCall Smith -- Loosening the ties that bind : a learning model of agreement flexibility (2001) / Barbara Koremenos -- Driving with the rearview mirror : on the rational science of institutional design (2001) / Alexander Wendt -- The dynamics of international law : the interaction of normative and operating systems (2003) / Paul F. Diehl, Charlotte Ku, and Daniel Zamora -- Europe before the court : a political theory of legal integration (1993) / Anne-Marie Slaughter [Burley] and Walter Mattli -- The European Court of Justice, national governments, and legal integration in the European Union (1998) / Geoffrey Arrett, R. Daniel Kelemen, and Heiner Schulz -- Scraps of paper? agreements and the durability of peace (2003) / Virginia Page Fortna -- In the shadow of law or power? consensus-based bargaining and outcomes in the GATT/WTO (2002) / Richard H. Steinberg -- The legalization of international monetary affairs (2000) / Beth Simmons -- Constructing an atrocities regime : the politics of war crimes tribunals (2001) / Christopher Rudolph -- The origins of human rights regimes : democratic delegation in postwar Europe (2000) / Andrew Moravcsik -- Regime design matters : international oil pollution and treaty compliance (1994) / Ronald B. Mitchell -- The regime complex for plant genetic resources (2004) / Kal Raustiala and David G. Victor.

Communism and its demise. Real socialism. Decline and fall of socialism. The demise of communism in Central Europe. The collapse of the Soviet Union -- Shock therapy vs. gradualism. The radical reform program : a big bang. Gradual reform programs. Rent seeking : the scourge of transition. Criticism of radical reform after the Russian financial crash -- Output : slump and recovery. Sharp decline in recorded output and varied recovery. Exaggeration of the slump. Radical reform : least decline and early recovery. Late reformers : surged after 1998 -- Liberalization : the creation of a market economy. Different strategies of deregulation. Liberalization of foreign trade. Labor market policy. Combat of monopoly : gas and coal. A big bang : vital in deregulation -- From hyperinflation to financial stability. Establishing national currencies. Radical fiscal adjustment was key. Tax policy : from social democratic to liberal. Monetary policy : from loose to strict. Exchange rates : currency board or free float. Dramas of financial stabilization -- Privatization : the establishment of private property rights. Differing aims of privatization. Small-scale privatization : if started, swiftly done. Large-scale privatization : the biggest headache. Privatization of land, real estate, and housing. New enterprise development : the ultimate success. Great achievements of privatization. Vital : speed and legitimacy of property rights -- An inefficient social system. Incomes : differentiation and poverty. Life and health. Education adjusting to demand. Social transfers and pension reform. Alternative social models -- Democracy vs authoritarianism. Democratic breakthrough : critical for successful transformation. An under-reform trap. Renewed democratization : colored revolutions. Parties, electoral rules, and constitutions. How to tame the leviathan : reform of the communist state. Public opinion and ideology. Democracy and democracy aid -- From crime toward law. An explosion of crime. Attempts at building a legal system. Corruption : the bane of transition -- The role of oligarchs. Who are the oligarchs? The economics of oligarchy. The politics of oligarchy. Complaints : a matter of ideology. A question of property rights. Putin's alternative : centralized dictatorship -- The role of international assistance. The dream of Europe. Western failure to act in the East. Trade policy : a gulf between the EU and the CIS. International assistance : insufficient but crucial -- Conclusions : a world transformed. Different models. Achievements and revelations. Why certain polices worked while others did not.

"Die wirtschaftliche Transformation der neuen EU-Mitgliedstaaten (NMS) hat deren Finanzsysteme in den Finanzsektor der Altmitglieder integriert. Ziel des Prozesses war, einen besseren Schutz gegen externe Schocks zu erreichen. Zudem stützen moderne Finanzmärkte Wachstum und Beschäftigung, indem sie die Umsetzung der »vier europäischen Freiheiten« – zu denen die freie Kapitalbewegung gehört – überhaupt erst ermöglichen. Allerdings überwiegen in den NMS die bankbasierten Finanzdienstleistungen gegenüber der börsengestützten Intermediation. Es sind also vor allem Banken, die dringend benötigtes Kapital bereitstellen, um die teilweise enormen Leistungsbilanzdefizite der NMS zu finanzieren. Hinzu kommt, dass der Bankensektor der Neumitglieder überwiegend im Besitz westeuropäischer Investoren ist. Daher wurde befürchtet, dass die krisengeschüttelten Mutterinstitute in den alten Mitgliedsländern ihren Filialen die Refinanzierung verweigern und so eine massive Wirtschaftsdepression in den NMS auslösen. Aufgrund der gestiegenen gegenseitigen Abhängigkeit und der umfassenden Verflechtung zwischen den Finanzsystemen von Alt- und Neumitgliedern ist dies bislang nicht eingetreten. Die NMS können die Wirtschaftskrise aber nicht aus eigener Kraft meistern; sie sind auf Unterstützung der EU angewiesen. Dabei müssen die intraeuropäischen Ungleichgewichte berücksichtigt werden; zudem sind Aufsicht und Regulierung den Erfordernissen der NMS anzupassen." (Autorenreferat)

In den Texten wird das politische Programm der UPC dargestellt. Sieben Punkte werden als besonders wichtig identifiziert, um eine gerechte, wirtschaftlich und kulturell prosperierende Gesellschaft zu schaffen. Dazu werden die Erhöhung der staatlichen Einnahmen, eine konsumorientierte Politik, Nahrungsmittelsicherheit, Tourismuspolitik, Förderung des Außenhandels, Wiederbelebung des Bankensektors und Förderung der Zivilgesellschaft gefordert. Ein zweites Papier analysiert den vorherrschenden Egoismus und kulturellen Verfall. Weitere kürzere Texte beschäftigen sich mit dem Problem des Tribalismus sowie der Integration Kameruns in IWF und Commonwealth. (DÜI-Wgm)