Suchergebnisse

One: The Social World -- I: Intersubjectivity -- II: History and the Origin of Meaning -- III: Ethics -- IV: Politics -- Two: The Phenomenon of Law -- V: The Origin of Law and Its Essential Structures -- VI: Law and Society -- VII: Law and Morality -- Epilogue -- Works Consulted.

ARGUING SCHOLARLY NEGLECT, THIS STUDY CHALLENGES THE PREVAILING INTERPRETATION OF MONTAIGNE'S THOUGHT BY ANALYZING HIS CRITIQUE OF THE CLASSICAL UNDERSTANDING OF SUPREME MORAL VIRTUE. THE AUTHOR ARGUES THAT MONTAIGNE'S POLITICAL PROJECT WAS TO REPLACE A TRADITIONAL MORALITY BASED ON BEAUTY WITH ONE EMBODYING "UTILITY".

Most people agree that animals count morally, but how exactly should we take animals into account? A prominent stance in contemporary ethical discussions is that animals have the same moral status that people do, and so in moral deliberation the similar interests of animals and people should be given the very same consideration. In 'How to Count Animals,' more or less, Shelly Kagan sets out and defends a hierarchical approach in which people count more than animals do and some animals count more than others. For the most part, moral theories have not been developed in such a way as to take account of differences in status. By arguing for a hierarchical account of morality - and exploring what status sensitive principles might look like - Kagan reveals just how much work needs to be done to arrive at an adequate view of our duties toward animals, and of morality more generally.

This book assesses the impact of the work of Chris Brown in the field of International Political Theory. The volume engages with general issues of IPT as well as basic issues such as the use and role of practical reasoning and presents a nuanced understanding about issues regarding the legitimacy of war and violence. It explores questions that pertain to human rights, morality, and ethics, and generally an outlook for devising a 'better' world. The project is ideal for audiences with interest in International Relations, Ethics and Morality Studies and International Political Theory. Mathias Albert is Professor of Political Science at Bielefeld University, Germany. He is author of Ordnung und Regieren in der Weltgesellschaft(2018) and A Theory of World Politics (2016). Anthony F. Lang Jr. is Professor of International Political Theory in the School of International Relations at the University of St Andrews, UK.--

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1 The Reach of Genes: Biology, Metaphysics, Morality -- Genes and Disease -- Biological and Personal Identity -- Two Senses of "Life -- How Genes Influence the Identities of Persons -- Moral Implications -- Conclusion -- 2 Genetic Information, Obligation, and the Prevention of Lives -- Genetic Testing, Screening, and Information -- Moral Asymmetry and Harm -- Life Stages -- Should Some Lives Be Prevented? -- Giving Priority to the Worse Off -- Conclusion -- 3 Gene Therapy and Genetic Enhancement -- Gene Therapy: Problems and a Paradox -- Access and Allocation Issues -- Genetic Enhancement -- Negative and Positive Eugenics: Is There a Slippery Slope? -- Conclusion -- 4 The Morality of Human Cloning -- Biological Factors -- Means and Ends -- Cloning Body Parts -- Eugenics Again? -- Conclusion -- 5 Extending the Human Life Span -- Cells and Senescence -- An Evolutionary Trade-Off -- Intergenerational Equality and Fairness -- Prudential Concern About the Future -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

Anthropology has recently seen a lively interest in the subject of ethics and comparative notions of morality and freedom. This masterclass brings together four of the most eminent anthropologists working in this field--Michael Lambek, Veena Das, Didier Fassin, and Webb Keane--to discuss, via lectures and responses, important topics facing anthropological ethics and the theoretical debates that surround it. The authors explore the ways we understand morality across many different cultural settings, asking questions such as: How do we recognize the ethical in different ethnographic worlds? What constitutes agency and awareness in everyday life? What might an anthropology of ordinary ethics look like? And what happens when ethics approaches the political in both Western and non-Western societies. Contrasting perspectives and methods- and yet in complimentary ways- this masterclass will serve as an essential guide for how an anthropology of ethics can be formulated in the twenty-first century.

In this book, Jeanine Grenberg argues that everything important about Kant's moral philosophy emerges from careful reflection upon the common human moral experience of the conflict between happiness and morality. Through careful readings of both the Groundwork and the Critique of Practical Reason, Grenberg shows that Kant, typically thought to be an overly technical moral philosopher, in fact is a vigorous defender of the common person's first-personal encounter with moral demands. Grenberg uncovers a notion of phenomenological experience in Kant's account of the Fact of Reason, develops a new a reading of the Fact, and grants a moral epistemic role for feeling in grounding Kant's a priori morality. The book thus challenges readings which attribute only a motivational role to feeling; and Fichtean readings which violate Kant's commitments to the limits of reason. This study will be valuable to students and scholars engaged in Kant studies

Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1. Sage Nature and the Logic of Namelessness: Reconstructing He Yan's Explication of Dao -- 2. Tracing the Dao: Wang Bi's Theory of Names -- 3. Hexagrams and Politics: Wang Bi's Political Philosophy in the Zhouyi zhu -- 4. Li in Wang Bi and Guo Xiang: Coherence in the Dark -- 5. The Sage without Emotion: Music, Mind, and Politics in Xi Kang -- 6. The Ideas of Illness, Healing, and Morality in Early Heavenly Master Daoism -- 7. Imagining Community: Family Values and Morality in the Lingbao Scriptures -- 8. What is Geyi, After All? -- 9. The Buddharaja Image of Emperor Wu of Liang -- 10. Social and Cultural Dimensions of Reclusion in Early Medieval China -- 11. Destiny and Retribution in Early Medieval China -- Contributors -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.

This book conveys the breadth and interconnectedness of questions of justice - a rarity in contemporary moral and political philosophy. James P. Sterba argues that a minimal notion of rationality requires morality, and that a minimal libertarian morality requires the welfare and equal opportunity endorsee by welfare liberals and the equality endorsed by socialists, as well as a full feminist agenda. Feminist, racial, homosexual, and multicultural justice, are also shown to be mutually supporting. The author further shows the compatibility between anthropocentric and biocentric environmental ethics, as between just war and pacifist theories. Finally, he spells out when normal politics, legal protest, civil disobedience, revolutionary action, and criminal disobedience are morally permitted by justice for here and now. This highly original and potentially controversial book is ideal for courses in moral and political philosophy, applied ethics, women's studies, environmental studies, and peace studies

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- CONTRIBUTORS -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. DEMOCRACY AND THE RULE OF LAW -- 2. CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE AND THE RULE OF LAW— A LOCKEAN INSIGHT -- 3. HOBBES, LOCKE, AND THE PROBLEM OF THE RULE OF LAW -- 4. DEMOCRACY, EQUALITY, AND THE DEATH PENALTY -- 5. THE LEGAL CODES OF ANCIENT ISRAEL -- 6. EQUITY AND THE RULE OF LAW -- 7. THE RULE OF LAW, JUSTICE, AND THE POLITICS OF MODERATION -- 8. PARTICULARISM, DISCRETION, AND THE RULE OF LAW -- 9. MY UNIVERSITY'S YACHT: MORALITY AND THE RULE OF LAW -- 10. THE INSTITUTION OF MORALITY -- 11. PUBLIC CHOICE AND THE RULE OF LAW: RATIONAL CHOICE THEORIES OF STATUTORY INTERPRETATION -- 12. POLITICS, INTERPRETATION, AND THE RULE OF LAW -- 13. LIBERALISM AND THE SUSPECT ENTERPRISE OF POLITICAL INSTITUTIONALIZATION: THE CASE OF THE RULE OF LAW -- 14. PUBLIC REASON AND THE RULE OF LAW -- INDEX

Aiming at the far-fetched connection of the current combination of science and engineering professional courses teaching and morality cultivation, ideological and political education of professional curriculum has been reformed in the "Sensor Technology and Application" course to explored the curriculum ideological and political education mode of the effective combination of professional education and morality cultivation under the background of Chinese modernization. Various ways of curriculum ideological and political reform have been tried in the course teaching process, curriculum ideological and political elements have been designed with regional, college-based and specialty group characteristics which have been also implemented and evaluated in the teaching process. The research results showed that the construction and implementation of the curriculum ideological and political education in the course of "Sensor Technology and Application" have improved students' learning interests and professional qualities in multiple dimensions, and have received unanimous praise from teachers and students.

AbstractMoral judgment is politically situational—people are more forgiving of transgressive copartisans and more likely to behave punitively and unethically toward political opponents. Such differences are widely observed, but not fully explained. If moral values are nonnegotiable first‐principle beliefs about right and wrong, why do similar transgressions elicit different moral judgment in the personal and political realm? We argue this pattern arises from the same forces intuitionist frameworks of moral psychology use to explain the origins of morality: the adaptive need to suppress individual behavior to ensure ingroup success. We hypothesize ingroups serve as moral boundaries, that the relative tight constraints morality exerts over ingroup relations loosen in competitive group environments because doing so also serves ingroup interests. We find support for this hypothesis in four independent samples and also find that group antipathy—internalized dislike of the outgroup—pushes personal and political moral boundaries farther apart.

AbstractThis contribution aims to explain when and why policies that increase social accountability are likely to have unintended and counterproductive effects on the social performance of organizations. The Behavioral Regulation Model applies insights from social identity theory to recent research on moral psychology. This elucidates that deep concerns about social approval for one's morality and good intentions, raise "the paradox of morality": The motivation to signal endorsement of social values and good intentions prompts people to justify and defend shortcomings in these domains, instead of addressing them. We demonstrate how this approach and research supporting it can help recognize and understand a range of defensive responses organizations and their representatives are likely to show. Subsequently, we specify how policymakers, regulators, and other stakeholders can circumvent these counterproductive effects and help people in organizations to show more constructive responses toward social impact improvement.

This article contributes to the historiography of romantic marriage in the eighteenth century by analyzing discourses on marital love and happiness in the moral weeklies of the German writers Georg Friedrich Meier and Samuel Gotthold Lange. Meier and Lange raise overarching questions about why so many marriages are unhappy and argue that long-term marital contentment requires spouses to discover and confirm each other's qualities and abilities on a daily basis. Each must reflect and affirm the other while also practicing a kind of de-escalation in conflict situations, for instance by withdrawing and calming oneself before facing problems anew. I argue that this apparently modern therapeutic approach to marital relationships was part of a civic morality in the making, a morality that pointed forward to the emergence of a modern individual self while also being rooted in a long tradition of spiritual exercises and therapeutic regimens.

This study explores the moralization of purity and perceptions of harm as constraints on sex buying among men. Purchasing sex has long been considered an offense against public morality. While personal morality provides a powerful constraint on offending, and people may vary in the extent to which they experience moral intuitions about bodily and spiritual purity, research has so far neglected the role of purity moralization in understanding sex buying behavior. We hypothesize specifically that moral intuitions about purity constrain sex buying by leading people to perceive it as inherently wrong and by eliciting perceptions that sex buying is harmful to prostitutes. We test these hypotheses in a nationally representative survey of U.S. men ( N = 2,525). Results indicate that purity moralization is associated with reduced sex buying, and that this relationship is mediated fully by perceptions of sex buying as harming prostitutes.