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The power and prospect of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) initially alarmed technology experts, for fear that machine advancements would destroy jobs. Then came a correction of sorts, with a wave of reassurances minimizing their negative impacts. Now, the discourse appears to be arriving at a more complicated, mixed understanding that suggests that automation will bring neither apocalypse nor utopia, but instead both benefits and stresses alike. Such is the ambiguous and sometimes disembodied nature of the "future of work" discussion. Which is where the present analysis aims to help. Intended to clear up misconceptions on the subject of automation, the following report employs government and private data, including from the McKinsey Global Institute, to develop both backward- and forward-looking analyses of the impacts of automation over the years 1980 to 2016 and 2016 to 2030 across some 800 occupations. In doing so, the report assesses past and coming trends as they affect both people and communities, and suggests a comprehensive response framework for national and state-local policymakers.

The objective of this white paper is to discuss the essential role of ICT and IP for India to become an Innovation Economy. The paper also looks at India's position vis-à-vis other developed and developing countries in some key innovation indices, identifies the gaps, discusses how ICT and IP can help to enhance India's global positioning as a hub for innovation and technology development, bring in investment, and create high quality jobs. In the end, the paper makes policy recommendations on how India can leapfrog into an Innovation Economy and identifies how the EU and its Member States can contribute through collaborations and mutually beneficial partnerships in India's journey towards becoming an Innovation Economy.

On the fortieth anniversary of the 1978-79 Iranian revolution, a definitive political picture of the Islamic RepublicWhen Iranians overthrew their monarchy, rejecting a pro-Western shah in favor of an Islamic regime, many observers predicted that revolutionary turmoil would paralyze the country for decades to come. Yet forty years after the 1978-79 revolution, Iran has emerged as a critical player in the Middle East and the wider world, as demonstrated in part by the 2015 international nuclear agreement. In Iran Rising, renowned Iran specialist Amin Saikal describes how the country has managed to survive despite ongoing domestic struggles, Western sanctions, and countless other serious challenges.Saikal explores Iran's recent history, beginning with the revolution, which set in motion a number of developments, including war with Iraq, precarious relations with Arab neighbors, and hostilities with Israel and the United States. He highlights the regime's agility as it navigated a complex relationship with Afghanistan during the Soviet invasion, survived the Gulf Wars, and handled fallout from the Iraqi and Syrian crises. Such success, Saikal maintains, stems from a distinctive political order, comprising both a supreme Islamic leader and an elected president and national assembly, which can fuse religious and nationalist assertiveness with pragmatic policy actions at home and abroad.But Iran's accomplishments, including its nuclear development and ability to fight ISIS, have cost its people, who are desperately pressuring the ruling clerics for economic and social reforms-changes that might in turn influence the country's foreign policy. Amid heightened global anxiety over alliances, terrorism, and nuclear threats, Iran Rising offers essential reading for understanding a country that, more than ever, is a force to watch

Intro -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Map of Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland 1953-1963 -- Map of Southern Rhodesia 1890-1980 -- Foreword by Lawrence Vambe -- Author's Note -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction by Trevor Grundy -- List of Abbreviations -- Chronology -- PART I - SCOTTISH BACKGROUND -- 1. The Todd Family -- 2. New Zealand, 1865 -- 3. Grace Wilson's Family -- PART II - DADAYA MISSION -- 4. Southern Rhodesia, 1934 -- 5. 13 July 1934 -- 6. Babes in the Bush -- 7. That they may become Leaders -- 8. Girls at Dadaya -- 9. The Village Churches and Schools -- 10. Matters Medical -- 11. 1937: The Dadaya Family -- 12. The Dadaya Schemes -- 13. War comes to Dadaya -- 14. Furlough, 1941-2 -- 15. Judith -- 16. A Wider Horizon -- 17. The Post-War World, 1945-7 -- 18. A Double Life -- 19. Hokonui Ranch -- 20. The Dadaya Strike -- 21. A Bigger Picture, 1948-51 -- 22. Politics, 1949-53 -- 23. Last Days at Dadaya Mission -- 24. Grace Todd -- PART III - PRIME MINISTER OF SOUTHERN RHODESIA -- 25. The Succession -- Prime Minister of Southern Rhodesia -- 26. December 1953 to February 1954 -- 27. The Eighth Parliament -- 28. The Land Apportionment Act (1930) -- 29. The Economy: Working with the Federal Government -- 30. The Dam Controversy: Kariba vs Kafue -- 31. Pause for Thought: Visit to the UK, 1954 -- 32. African Affairs (I) -- 33. Visit to the USA and Canada, 1955 -- 34. 1956: A Year of Crucial Importance -- 35. African Affairs (II) -- 36. The Political Scene, 1956 -- 37. Unrest in Southern Rhodesia: Harari Bus Boycott and Railway Strike -- 38. A Break from Politics -- 39. Year of Impending Crisis: 1957 -- 40. The Industrial Conciliation Bill -- 41. African Education, 1957 -- 42. The Immorality Motion -- 43. The Southern Rhodesia Franchise -- 44. The Federation, 1957

"23 million people in Germany – almost one in three over the age of 14
– are involved in civil society. This is an impressive figure that we talk
about far too little. But today we need involvement in civil society more
than ever. The state could not perform all of the tasks that young and old
do for no money. Voluntary involvement is a very important component
of a society with a human face. The power of cohesion and helping each
other, caring for each other – this is a commodity that we can and have to
bring back to life in involvement in civil society, in voluntary work.
In view of the demographic challenge, the older generation in particular
will have an increasingly important role. After the career and family
phase it has a great wealth of knowledge gained through experience
and time. This potential must be made useful for society. But for this we
also need local authorities where the politicians and administrators,
responsible parties in educational facilities, associations and voluntary
organisations are open to the great demand for self-determined and selforganised
involvement by older people.
The model programme 'Experience for Initiatives' (EFI) is an important
step in this direction: around 1,000 older people have already taken part
in courses to be seniortrainers in order to learn something new and to
use their experience in many local projects – for the benefit of all age
and population groups locally. 'enior expertise teams' become reliable
partners and important pace setters for voluntary involvement in local
communities. Active senior citizens develop creativity, innovation and
a willingness to act. They are putting the cycle of give and take between
the generations back in motion and, at the same time, are drawing a new
picture of old age." (excerpt)

Work topic: The efficiency of Lithuanian monetary policy. The actuality of work. The monetary policy is topical to all countries, to Lithuania also. It stimulates the manufacture of national product, blocks up the growth of unemployment and inflation, balances the foreign relations. It is important to find out if Central bank will be able to control the growing level of inflation in Lithuania. Futhermore, it is topical to find out, what situation will be in our country being the member of European Union and regulating monetary policy by the requirements of European Bank. Work object. Lithuanian monetary policy and its influence on national economy. Work aim. To examine the influence of Lithuanian monetary policy on national economy. The objectives of work: • To define the functions of Central bank and the tools of monetary policy; • To investigate the practice of Lithuanian Central bank and its monetary policy tools; • To analyze Lithuanian monetary policy by different periods from 1991 to 2006 year and to examine the fluctuation of Lithuanian macroeconomic indicators by the same periods. • To make the forecast of macroeconomic indicators on the base of made analysis and to propose a motion about the use of monetary policy tools. The methods of work: • The analysis of science literature by investigating aim; • The analysis of data from Lithuanian bank, from internet and from the press which are ralative with examinating theme; • The statistical data from the internet site of Department of Statistics. • The scroll average method was used to forecast the macroeconomic indicators. The results of work. The work consists of three parts. Graduation paper contains 64 pages, 10 pictures and 10 tables.

Work topic: The efficiency of Lithuanian monetary policy. The actuality of work. The monetary policy is topical to all countries, to Lithuania also. It stimulates the manufacture of national product, blocks up the growth of unemployment and inflation, balances the foreign relations. It is important to find out if Central bank will be able to control the growing level of inflation in Lithuania. Futhermore, it is topical to find out, what situation will be in our country being the member of European Union and regulating monetary policy by the requirements of European Bank. Work object. Lithuanian monetary policy and its influence on national economy. Work aim. To examine the influence of Lithuanian monetary policy on national economy. The objectives of work: • To define the functions of Central bank and the tools of monetary policy; • To investigate the practice of Lithuanian Central bank and its monetary policy tools; • To analyze Lithuanian monetary policy by different periods from 1991 to 2006 year and to examine the fluctuation of Lithuanian macroeconomic indicators by the same periods. • To make the forecast of macroeconomic indicators on the base of made analysis and to propose a motion about the use of monetary policy tools. The methods of work: • The analysis of science literature by investigating aim; • The analysis of data from Lithuanian bank, from internet and from the press which are ralative with examinating theme; • The statistical data from the internet site of Department of Statistics. • The scroll average method was used to forecast the macroeconomic indicators. The results of work. The work consists of three parts. Graduation paper contains 64 pages, 10 pictures and 10 tables.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction: Hello, Sexy! -- Part 1 Sweet and Sexy -- Sofa Squeeze -- Super-Close Cuddle -- Mattress Mash-Up -- The Tsunami -- The T-Bone -- No-Hands Nookie -- Swirl'd Peace -- Super-Hot Soaker -- The Very Good Morning -- Breast Picture -- Party of Two -- Big Bend -- Invisible Man -- The Corkscrew -- The Wake-Up Call -- The Warm-Up -- Self-Reflection -- X Marks the Spot -- The S.S. Sexy -- Ping Me -- Magic Mash-Up -- The Pillow Fort -- Morning Glory -- Pickle Tickle -- The Two-Way Touch -- Erotic Embrace -- The Rocker -- Over Easy -- The Coffee Grind-Her -- The Lazy Girl's Beej -- The Bed Spread -- The Stroke Show -- Floor Exercises -- Mount O-lympus -- Part 2 Super Steamy -- The Spin Cycle -- Stairway Sizzler -- The Giddyupper -- Spanks a Lot -- The Hot Ski Instructor -- The Sultry Short Stack -- The Flamingo -- Do Not Disturb -- The Electric Threesome -- Moaning Mermaid -- The Hello Cello -- The Good Doggie -- The Sexy Screw -- He's Hooked -- Steamy Slow Jam -- Headboard Hustle -- The French Kiss -- Up and Down Doggie -- Tug of Ween -- Rocket Raiser -- Electric 69 -- The Tender Twist -- The XXX-Box Tourney -- You-and-Eye-Gasm -- The Chart Topper -- Sexy Stretch -- Edge of Glory -- Synchronized Sexing -- Twerk-Out Plan -- The Inner Circle -- Swirl Cone -- The Get-It Glide -- The Buzzy Bee -- Side Bangs -- Part 3 Burn the Sheets -- Tantric Tub -- The Big V -- Slow-Motion Sensor -- Downward-Facing Doggie -- Daring Dangle -- The Standing O -- Merry Maid -- The Frisky Fireworks -- Bounce House -- The Eternal O -- Be Your-Selfies -- Happy Crabs -- Yes, Chef -- Ab-Freaking Fab -- The Wet Down -- The Wild, Wild Best -- Frisky Business -- The Lusty Lift -- The Amazing Super-Girl -- Free-Floating Frolic -- Sexy Sit-In -- Vroom, Vroom -- The Work-It Wheelbarrow -- Slip 'n' Glide -- Flexi-Bang -- The A-Team.

Introduction : Weather and climate ; What do we mean by climate variability and climate change? ; Connections, timescales and uncertainties ; The big picture -- Radiation and the Earth's energy balance : Solar and terrestrial radiation ; Solar variability ; Summary -- The elements of the climate : The atmosphere and oceans in motion ; Atmospheric circulation patterns ; Radiation balance ; The hydrological cycle ; The biosphere ; Sustained abnormal weather patterns ; Atmosphere-ocean interactions ; The great ocean conveyor ; Summary -- The measurement of climate change : In situ instrumental observations ; Satellite measurements ; Re-analysis work ; Historical records ; Proxy measurements ; Dating ; Isotope age dating ; Summary -- Statistics, significance and cycles : Time series, sampling and harmonic analysis ; Noise ; Measures of variability and significance ; Smoothing ; Wavelet analysis ; Multidimensional analysis ; Summary -- The natural causes of climate change : Autovariance and non-linearity ; Atmosphere-ocean interactions ; Ocean currents ; Volcanoes ; Sunspots and solar activity ; Tidal forces ; Orbital variations ; Continental drift ; Changes in atmospheric composition ; A belch from the deep ; Catastrophes and the 'nuclear winter' ; Summary -- Human activities : Greenhouse gas emissions ; Dust and aerosols ; Desertification and deforestation ; The ozone hole ; Summary -- Evidence of climate change : Peering into the abyss of time ; From greenhouse to icehouse ; Sea-level fluctuations ; The ice ages ; The end of the last ice age ; The Holocene climatic optimum ; Changes during times of recorded history ; The medieval climatic optimum ; The little ice age ; The twentieth-century warming ; Concluding observations -- Consequences of climate change : Geological consequences ; Flora and fauna ; Mass extinctions ; Sea levels, ice sheets and glaciers ; Agriculture ; The historical implications of climatic variability ; Spread of diseases ; The economic impact of extreme weather events ; Summary -- Modelling the climate ; Global circulation models ; Simulation of climatic variability ; The challenges facing modellers ; Summary -- Predicting climate change : Natural variability ; Predicting global warming ; The predicted consequences of global warming ; Doubts about the scale of global warming ; What can we do about global warming? ; The Gaia hypothesis.

Photospheric vortex flows are thought to play a key role in the evolution of magnetic fields. Recent studies show that these swirling motions are ubiquitous in the solar surface convection and occur in a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. Their interplay with magnetic fields is poorly characterized, however. Aims. We study the relation between a persistent photospheric vortex flow and the evolution of a network magnetic element at a supergranular vertex. Methods. We used long-duration sequences of continuum intensity images acquired with Hinode and the local correlation-tracking method to derive the horizontal photospheric flows. Supergranular cells are detected as large-scale divergence structures in the flow maps. At their vertices, and cospatial with network magnetic elements, the velocity flows converge on a central point. Results. One of these converging flows is observed as a vortex during the whole 24 h time series. It consists of three consecutive vortices that appear nearly at the same location. At their core, a network magnetic element is also detected. Its evolution is strongly correlated to that of the vortices. The magnetic feature is concentrated and evacuated when it is caught by the vortices and is weakened and fragmented after the whirls disappear. Conclusions. This evolutionary behavior supports the picture presented previously, where a small flux tube becomes stable when it is surrounded by a vortex flow. © ESO 2018. ; This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad through Project Nos. ESP2013-47349-C6-1-R, ESP2014-56169-C6-1-R, and ESP2016-77548-C5-1-R, including a percentage from European FEDER funds. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement no. 739500 (PRE-EST project). ; Peer reviewed

Baby Boomers may be read as a private and public story at the same time, as is fre-quently the case in female autobiographic tales; private experiences are intertwined with the rules of the patriarchal society. Rosy, Annamaria and Roberta are three well known feminist intellectuals; their tale starts from their feelings of loneliness and solitude when in the over crowded sixties they started to be in touch with politics. In those years they discovered their belonging to a History which was silent inside the institutions, a world to which they felt they did not belong. Their path towards themselves owed a lot to the consciousness-raising groups where the private acquires a political meaning and dimension. Their feeling of being part of something which was common to all women gave to each of them the instruments to become something different from what they had been taught a woman had to be. Their book is a fascinating picture of a generation of women in progress towards a new idea of themselves and able in the process to set in motion a revolution in social habits and attitudes towards women. ; Baby Boomers racconta una storia che è privata e pubblica insieme, come spesso accade ai racconti autobiografici femminili, in cui il mondo privato di un'esistenza si intreccia con l'altro mondo rappresentato dalle leggi non scritte della società dei padri. Rosi Braidotti, Annamaria Tagliavini, Roberta Mozzanti, tutte e tre ben note espressio-ne e protagoniste dell'intellighenzia femminile, raccontano come nei collettivi di auto-coscienza, nel piccolo gruppo dove "il privato è politico", abbiano scoperto una dimensione diversa di se stesse, che ha permesso a ciascuna di trovare la propria intima verità. Il libro restituisce il senso di una stagione e di una generazione di donne che nei collettivi imparava un modo diverso di essere donne, realizzando una trasformazione nei costumi e nei saperi.

In the early 17th Century, the Spanish painter Francisco Pacheco railed against his apprentices, telling them that the image should stand out of the picture. The topic was the one most debated in the art of the Counter-Reformation, whose main directives, outlined in the Council of Trent, would be put in motion simultaneously with urban "Christianisation". They presupposed a social contract, established between producer and receiver, implying maximum clarity of the message, which involved an ambiguous grey area that would be reserved for the outside of the focus. In painting, which sacrificed everything that was incidental or extraneous to the story, showing the essential and neglecting the accessory, the binary radicalism of the concept became more explicit, through the Caravaggian illumination or in the case above, the Spanish tenebrism of Velásquez, to whom Pacheco's admonition was addressed. In our Doctoral Thesis presented at the School of Architecture in Barcelona, we sought to demonstrate that the Plastic Arts were not the only field for the application of Luminist principles. In this article we aim to summarise this thesis by exposing the important relationships between image, ritual and urban form in 16th Century Porto, after a time, therefore, the late Middle Ages, which Huizinga classified as deeply iconophile , in which image and ritual were put at the service of the reformulation of a State becoming increasingly centralised and interventionist, whose action extended to the sphere of the Church: with King João II, and especially King Manuel I, the Crown was an active sponsor of religious reform that was pursued with redoubled energy and systematisation, from the reign of "the Pious", then already within the political system of close bilateral cooperation that was designated the Confessional State. We therefore believe that this type of approach to anthropological and symbolic components, which seeks to take into account the increasing importance that is given in contemporary research on the city's history, can be very fruitful.

Economic mobility constitutes a social aspiration in many modern societies however do we really know the actual evolution of social mobility? In other words: 1) how can we measure economic mobility with the data available or with the technology at hand? 2) What are the trends of economic mobility experienced by the current generation? Moreover 3) how mobile is a society relative to previous generations? These questions motivate this dissertation. The complexity of these issues may derive in some sort of paralysis but it is claimed here that it may be possible to learn something about its evolution by restricting analysis to a couple of key dimensions within the economic discipline: income and education. This is the scope followed by this research. The first paper in this dissertation is devoted to deal with the lack of the required data to examine the income dynamics within one generation. It is well known that longitudinal data is often scarce and is seldom available in many countries. This is the case even in well-developed countries! This conundrum has been partially addressed through recent methodological approaches by the so-called synthetic panels. The second part of this dissertation is entirely devoted to applied research. More specifically, the second and third papers describe long run trends of economic mobility in income and education respectively. The former is devoted to intra-generational mobility while the later is devoted to inter-generational mobility. Each of them address the second and third interrogations referred above. In a way this dissertation attempts to improve the addition of the time dimension in the analysis of economic wellbeing. It attempts to produce the effect of a motion picture by the use multiple snapshots. The trends contained herein are far from being perfect and complete but they are based on the use of extensive data and multiple methods covering three decades and the same number of generations in each case. This research expects to expand our knowledge on the empirics of economic mobility as most of the studies refer to few years of intra-generational mobility or to a couple of generations only. Furthermore, most of the empirical evidence available refers to Nordic and highly industrialized countries. Mexico is the canvas of this work but the approaches and principles followed here could be easily mimicked elsewhere. The roads of our lives are constantly moving: rising and falling. In a democratic context, it is useful to know, whether our society provides the chance to get ahead regardless of our origins, or whether this chance is ruled or doomed by them. Empirical evidence is needed to foster these deliberations. This dissertation may well be an invitation to sustain this kind conversation. ; La mobilité économique est une des aspirations de toute société moderne, mais comment peut-on savoir la véritable évolution de la mobilité sociale ? C'est-à-dire : 1) peut-on mesurer la mobilité sociale avec les données ou la technologie disponibles aujourd'hui? 2) Quelles sont les tendances de la mobilité sociale qui a traversées la génération actuelle? Ou encore 3) à quel point la société actuelle est-elle mobile par rapport aux anciennes générations? Ce sont les trois questions à la base de cette thèse. Nous soutenons ici que c'est possible de connaître encore plus sur l'évolution de la mobilité sociale en restreignant son analyse à quelques dimensions dans le champ de l'économie : le revenu et l'éducation. Le première article s'attaque au problème du manque des données nécessaires pour l'analyse des dynamiques du revenu à l'intérieur d'une génération. Il est avéré que les données longitudinales sont rares et très peu disponibles dans la plupart des pays, ce qui est vrai même pour les pays développés ! Nous avons essayé d'assembler ce casse-tête par des approches méthodologiques récentes, telles que les «panels synthétiques», une méthodologie normalement utilisée pour l'analyse des dynamiques de la pauvreté. Les articles deux et trois décrivent, plus spécifiquement, les tendances à long terme de la mobilité économique pour le revenu et pour l'éducation, respectivement. Le deuxième papier s'occupe de la mobilité intra-générationnelle, tandis que le troisième est dédié à la mobilité intergénérationnelle. Tous les deux répondent aux questions deux et trois posées plus en haut, en cherchant d'améliorer la façon dont la dimension temporaire est incluse dans l'analyse du bien-être économique, ceci avec pour but de reproduire l'effet d'un film fait avec plusieurs clichés. Cette thèse cherche à élargir le savoir expérimental sur la mobilité économique, vu que la plupart des études ne prennent en compte que quelques années de mobilité intra-générationnelle ou à peine quelque génération. En outre, la plupart des résultats des expériences existantes font référence aux pays scandinaves ou à des pays fortement industrialisés. Pour cette thèse nous avons donc pris l'exemple du Mexique, mais les approches et les principes méthodologiques utilisés pourront être appliqués à n'importe quel autre pays. Les chemins de nos vies sont dans un mouvement perpétuel : par monts et par vaux. Dans une société démocratique, il semble utile de savoir si notre appartenance sociale nous permet de nous en sortir malgré nos origines, ou si au contraire, notre destin est voué à l'échec à cause d'elles. Il nous faut en effet, des résultats empiriques pour répondre à ces délibérations. Cette thèse est peut-être une invitation osée à mettre en marche cette conversation.

Economic mobility constitutes a social aspiration in many modern societies however do we really know the actual evolution of social mobility? In other words: 1) how can we measure economic mobility with the data available or with the technology at hand? 2) What are the trends of economic mobility experienced by the current generation? Moreover 3) how mobile is a society relative to previous generations? These questions motivate this dissertation. The complexity of these issues may derive in some sort of paralysis but it is claimed here that it may be possible to learn something about its evolution by restricting analysis to a couple of key dimensions within the economic discipline: income and education. This is the scope followed by this research. The first paper in this dissertation is devoted to deal with the lack of the required data to examine the income dynamics within one generation. It is well known that longitudinal data is often scarce and is seldom available in many countries. This is the case even in well-developed countries! This conundrum has been partially addressed through recent methodological approaches by the so-called synthetic panels. The second part of this dissertation is entirely devoted to applied research. More specifically, the second and third papers describe long run trends of economic mobility in income and education respectively. The former is devoted to intra-generational mobility while the later is devoted to inter-generational mobility. Each of them address the second and third interrogations referred above. In a way this dissertation attempts to improve the addition of the time dimension in the analysis of economic wellbeing. It attempts to produce the effect of a motion picture by the use multiple snapshots. The trends contained herein are far from being perfect and complete but they are based on the use of extensive data and multiple methods covering three decades and the same number of generations in each case. This research expects to expand our knowledge on the empirics of economic mobility as most of the studies refer to few years of intra-generational mobility or to a couple of generations only. Furthermore, most of the empirical evidence available refers to Nordic and highly industrialized countries. Mexico is the canvas of this work but the approaches and principles followed here could be easily mimicked elsewhere. The roads of our lives are constantly moving: rising and falling. In a democratic context, it is useful to know, whether our society provides the chance to get ahead regardless of our origins, or whether this chance is ruled or doomed by them. Empirical evidence is needed to foster these deliberations. This dissertation may well be an invitation to sustain this kind conversation. ; La mobilité économique est une des aspirations de toute société moderne, mais comment peut-on savoir la véritable évolution de la mobilité sociale ? C'est-à-dire : 1) peut-on mesurer la mobilité sociale avec les données ou la technologie disponibles aujourd'hui? 2) Quelles sont les tendances de la mobilité sociale qui a traversées la génération actuelle? Ou encore 3) à quel point la société actuelle est-elle mobile par rapport aux anciennes générations? Ce sont les trois questions à la base de cette thèse. Nous soutenons ici que c'est possible de connaître encore plus sur l'évolution de la mobilité sociale en restreignant son analyse à quelques dimensions dans le champ de l'économie : le revenu et l'éducation. Le première article s'attaque au problème du manque des données nécessaires pour l'analyse des dynamiques du revenu à l'intérieur d'une génération. Il est avéré que les données longitudinales sont rares et très peu disponibles dans la plupart des pays, ce qui est vrai même pour les pays développés ! Nous avons essayé d'assembler ce casse-tête par des approches méthodologiques récentes, telles que les «panels synthétiques», une méthodologie normalement utilisée pour l'analyse des dynamiques de la pauvreté. Les articles deux et trois décrivent, plus spécifiquement, les tendances à long terme de la mobilité économique pour le revenu et pour l'éducation, respectivement. Le deuxième papier s'occupe de la mobilité intra-générationnelle, tandis que le troisième est dédié à la mobilité intergénérationnelle. Tous les deux répondent aux questions deux et trois posées plus en haut, en cherchant d'améliorer la façon dont la dimension temporaire est incluse dans l'analyse du bien-être économique, ceci avec pour but de reproduire l'effet d'un film fait avec plusieurs clichés. Cette thèse cherche à élargir le savoir expérimental sur la mobilité économique, vu que la plupart des études ne prennent en compte que quelques années de mobilité intra-générationnelle ou à peine quelque génération. En outre, la plupart des résultats des expériences existantes font référence aux pays scandinaves ou à des pays fortement industrialisés. Pour cette thèse nous avons donc pris l'exemple du Mexique, mais les approches et les principes méthodologiques utilisés pourront être appliqués à n'importe quel autre pays. Les chemins de nos vies sont dans un mouvement perpétuel : par monts et par vaux. Dans une société démocratique, il semble utile de savoir si notre appartenance sociale nous permet de nous en sortir malgré nos origines, ou si au contraire, notre destin est voué à l'échec à cause d'elles. Il nous faut en effet, des résultats empiriques pour répondre à ces délibérations. Cette thèse est peut-être une invitation osée à mettre en marche cette conversation.

Economic mobility constitutes a social aspiration in many modern societies however do we really know the actual evolution of social mobility? In other words: 1) how can we measure economic mobility with the data available or with the technology at hand? 2) What are the trends of economic mobility experienced by the current generation? Moreover 3) how mobile is a society relative to previous generations? These questions motivate this dissertation. The complexity of these issues may derive in some sort of paralysis but it is claimed here that it may be possible to learn something about its evolution by restricting analysis to a couple of key dimensions within the economic discipline: income and education. This is the scope followed by this research. The first paper in this dissertation is devoted to deal with the lack of the required data to examine the income dynamics within one generation. It is well known that longitudinal data is often scarce and is seldom available in many countries. This is the case even in well-developed countries! This conundrum has been partially addressed through recent methodological approaches by the so-called synthetic panels. The second part of this dissertation is entirely devoted to applied research. More specifically, the second and third papers describe long run trends of economic mobility in income and education respectively. The former is devoted to intra-generational mobility while the later is devoted to inter-generational mobility. Each of them address the second and third interrogations referred above. In a way this dissertation attempts to improve the addition of the time dimension in the analysis of economic wellbeing. It attempts to produce the effect of a motion picture by the use multiple snapshots. The trends contained herein are far from being perfect and complete but they are based on the use of extensive data and multiple methods covering three decades and the same number of generations in each case. This research expects to expand our knowledge on the empirics of economic mobility as most of the studies refer to few years of intra-generational mobility or to a couple of generations only. Furthermore, most of the empirical evidence available refers to Nordic and highly industrialized countries. Mexico is the canvas of this work but the approaches and principles followed here could be easily mimicked elsewhere. The roads of our lives are constantly moving: rising and falling. In a democratic context, it is useful to know, whether our society provides the chance to get ahead regardless of our origins, or whether this chance is ruled or doomed by them. Empirical evidence is needed to foster these deliberations. This dissertation may well be an invitation to sustain this kind conversation. ; La mobilité économique est une des aspirations de toute société moderne, mais comment peut-on savoir la véritable évolution de la mobilité sociale ? C'est-à-dire : 1) peut-on mesurer la mobilité sociale avec les données ou la technologie disponibles aujourd'hui? 2) Quelles sont les tendances de la mobilité sociale qui a traversées la génération actuelle? Ou encore 3) à quel point la société actuelle est-elle mobile par rapport aux anciennes générations? Ce sont les trois questions à la base de cette thèse. Nous soutenons ici que c'est possible de connaître encore plus sur l'évolution de la mobilité sociale en restreignant son analyse à quelques dimensions dans le champ de l'économie : le revenu et l'éducation. Le première article s'attaque au problème du manque des données nécessaires pour l'analyse des dynamiques du revenu à l'intérieur d'une génération. Il est avéré que les données longitudinales sont rares et très peu disponibles dans la plupart des pays, ce qui est vrai même pour les pays développés ! Nous avons essayé d'assembler ce casse-tête par des approches méthodologiques récentes, telles que les «panels synthétiques», une méthodologie normalement utilisée pour l'analyse des dynamiques de la pauvreté. Les articles deux et trois décrivent, plus spécifiquement, les tendances à long terme de la mobilité économique pour le revenu et pour l'éducation, respectivement. Le deuxième papier s'occupe de la mobilité intra-générationnelle, tandis que le troisième est dédié à la mobilité intergénérationnelle. Tous les deux répondent aux questions deux et trois posées plus en haut, en cherchant d'améliorer la façon dont la dimension temporaire est incluse dans l'analyse du bien-être économique, ceci avec pour but de reproduire l'effet d'un film fait avec plusieurs clichés. Cette thèse cherche à élargir le savoir expérimental sur la mobilité économique, vu que la plupart des études ne prennent en compte que quelques années de mobilité intra-générationnelle ou à peine quelque génération. En outre, la plupart des résultats des expériences existantes font référence aux pays scandinaves ou à des pays fortement industrialisés. Pour cette thèse nous avons donc pris l'exemple du Mexique, mais les approches et les principes méthodologiques utilisés pourront être appliqués à n'importe quel autre pays. Les chemins de nos vies sont dans un mouvement perpétuel : par monts et par vaux. Dans une société démocratique, il semble utile de savoir si notre appartenance sociale nous permet de nous en sortir malgré nos origines, ou si au contraire, notre destin est voué à l'échec à cause d'elles. Il nous faut en effet, des résultats empiriques pour répondre à ces délibérations. Cette thèse est peut-être une invitation osée à mettre en marche cette conversation.