Russia is a powerful actor of numerous forums, organizations and integration projects in the Asia-Pacific region, that is usually explained by its multilateral diplomacy. The significance of Asia in the Russia's foreign policy is determined by the both external and internal factors. The article analyzes the role of Russia in the Asia-Pacific regional integration projects, as well as historical and political factors of interaction. ; Россия – активный участник многих форумов, организаций и интеграционных проектов в АТР, что обусловлено курсом на многостороннюю дипломатию. Актуальность азиатского вектора внешней политики России определяется как внешними, так и внутренними факторами. В статье анализируется роль России в системе Азиатско-Тихоокеанской региональной интеграции, исторические и политические факторы взаимодействия.
Раздел "Международное право" - рубрика "Международное частное право" ; The author presents the history of the development of multilateral trade negotiations on services within the GATT network and reviews the factors underlying this process. They are determined by the foreign trade policy of the USA and other developed countries within the OECD. The article considers the positions of the GATT member-countries on the issue of developing a general agreement on services trade. The position of the opponents of this agreement is also presented here. Led by Brazil and India, these countries insist that it is hardly possible to develop clear rules for regulating the trade in services. Opponents also expressed the opinion that it is more expedient to regulate trade in particular kinds of services, referring to the existing differences in rendering various services. They also pointed out that GATT is not very orderly or systematic in its approach. There are controversial issues concerning trade in agricultural produce and textiles. Difficulties exist in settling trade disputes in GATT. The wide-spread misinterpretation of the anti-dumping policy, no less wide-spread use of bilateral agreements to circumvent GATT provisions have been understood by some countries as developments leading to disintegration of GATT. Naturally, the US opponents wondered whether a new system of services trade, using more complicated rules and norms is possible, when a multilateral system of rules governing the trade in googs is not working well. The report of the group of top officials of the OECD governments, which defined the conditions of possible trade negotiations on services trade was well received. It pointed out the negative impact of the existing restrictions in international services trade. Thus the Group laid the foundation for the development of multilateral regulations covering trade in services. In 1981 the International Chamber of Trade Commission on Trade Policy and Trade Disputes issued the document entitled «The International Chamber's Position on Services Trade Liberalization» which showed the necessity to create a systematic and detailed codex of the main elements of the future agreement regulating services trade. In 1981 the OECD proposed the adoption over the principle of a national regime as a cornerstone in any future agreement and stressed the importance of this principle. The developed countries who have a great export potential in services trade wanted to extend onto this sphere the same principles of regulation as fixed in GATT. Following pressure by the USA the Conference of Ministers of the GATT member-states therefore included the services issue in the final declaration. The Declaration contains a recommendation for member countries to study their national problems in services trade and share information on these issues with each other and with international organisations. The General Agreement on Services Trade, worked out within the GATT framework, came to be the first international act to regulate international services trade. The present study led the author to the conclusion that no state is ready at present to sacrifice the interests of its own companies in order to establish a universal international system of free services trade. In view of that, the accession of Belarus to the WTO, the GATT successor, should be carefully considered, because excessive opening of the services market will have negative consequences.
Раздел "Международное право" - рубрика "Международное частное право" ; В статье автор стремится проиллюстрировать различные подходы к идее заключения многосторонних налоговых конвенций, а также перспективы развития идеи заключения многосторонних конвенций об избежании двойного налогообложения. В современном глобализирующемся мире логичным представляется стремление государств регулировать международные вопросы на многостороннем, а не на двустороннем уровне. Под эгидой Организации по экономическому сотрудничеству и развитию ведется работа по замене двусторонних инвестиционных соглашений одним многосторонним соглашением по инвестициям. Избежание двойного налогообложения по-прежнему регулируется в подавляющем большинстве случаев двусторонними соглашениями. Хотя нельзя исключить такого развития событий, при котором некоторые аспекты международного налогового регулирования все же будут облачены в форму многосторонней конвенции. Скорее всего, это произойдет сначала на региональном уровне, на территории государств, объединенных в экономические блоки, например в странах Европейского союза. = The article aims to review and illustrate various approaches to the idea of concluding multilateral tax conventions as well as the prospects for the multilateral conventions to be an alternative to avoid double taxation. The globalizing world makes it logical for countries to try to regulate international issues on the multilateral, not bilateral level. Work is underway under the aegis of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development to replace bilateral investment agreements by multilateral agreements on investments. Double tax avoidance is still regulated by bilateral agreements in most cases. But developments can be foreseen, when some aspects of international tax regulations will assume the form of a multilateral convention. It is likely to happen at the regional level first, with the countries belonging to an economic bloc, like the European Union, for instance.
Раздел "Международные отношения" ; The article aims at showing the problem of the Palestinian representation at the official bilateral and multilateral negotiations on the Middle East peace settlement held in 1991—1993. It is shown that the problem contains several issues. They are as follows: the issue of the Palestinian representation as an independent delegation, the problem of the participation of the delegates from East Jerusalem and the representatives of the Palestinians abroad, as well as the issue of the organization of consultations and communication between the Palestinian delegates and the PLO leadership. The research concerns the period from the Middle East international peace conference held on October 30 — November 1, 1991 in Madrid up to the official recognition of the PLO by the Government of the State of Israel on September 9, 1993. After the official recognition of the PLO the problem of the Palestinian representation at the negotiations was solved, insofar the PLO leadership had a right to define a form of the representation and the delegation membership independently. The text of the official invitation to the international conference in Madrid did not contain any provisions indicating a form of the Palestinian representation and their delegation membership nor the status of the bilateral and multilateral talks. That is why during the negotiations the Palestinian side was able to put forward its demands of the Palestinian independent representation, the broadening of the Palestinian delegation membership and the framework for organization of direct consultations between the Palestinian delegates and the PLO leadership. The problem of the independent representation of the Palestinian delegation had been solved by the beginning of the third round of the bilateral negotiations in January 1992. The Palestinian side achieved the participation of the representatives of East Jerusalem and the Palestinians abroad through the formation of the Consulting Committee. The questions of providing communication and the consultations between the Palestinian delegates and the PLO leadership were at the host-countries' (Spain, the USA etc.) discretion. It is noted that the US position in this respect was stricter and softened only in April 1992. PLO participation in the bilateral and multilateral negotiations is obvious and it can be seen in the presence of its representatives in the delegations as well as in the Palestinian delegates' consultations with the PLO leaders.
The article is devoted to the study of the Eurasian vector in the international politics of Russia, including the Russian-Chinese relations at the present stage, participation in the Eurasian Economic Union, other interstate associations created by the states of the Asia-Pacific region. The authors have studied and analyzed the defining directions and features of Russian-Chinese foreign policy relations, both in the historical context and at the present stage of development. In particular, the main periods in the development of bilateral relations are outlined; the factors that influenced the change in the strategies of foreign policy interaction between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China are analyzed; the nature of Russian-Chinese cooperation at the present stage is revealed, its role and importance both for regional policy and in the light of ongoing international processes, including in the field of international security, are characterized; identified possible risks that could negatively affect the nature of foreign policy interaction between Russia and China. The study concludes with conclusions and proposals related to the assessment of the political and international legal interaction of Russia in the integration track of Eurasian policy. ; Статья посвящена исследованию евразийского вектора в международной политики России, включая российско-китайские отношения на современном этапе, участие в Евразийском экономическом союзе, других межгосударственных объединениях, созданных государствами Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона. Авторами изучены и проанализированы определяющие направления и особенности российско-китайских внешнеполитических отношений, как в историческом разрезе, так и на современном этапе развития. В частности, обозначены основные периоды в развитии двусторонних отношений; проанализированы факторы, оказывавшие влияние на изменение стратегий внешнеполитического взаимодействия Российской Федерации и Китайской Народной Республики; раскрыт характер российско-китайского сотрудничества на современном этапе, охарактеризованы его роль и значение как для региональной политики, так и в свете проходящих международных процессов, в том числе в сфере международной безопасности; определены возможные риски, которые могут негативно сказаться на характере внешнеполитического взаимодействия России и Китая. В завершении исследования содержатся выводы и предложения, связанные с оценкой политического и международно-правовового взаимодействия России в интеграционном треке евразийской политики.
Приведена характеристика основных направлений развития международного научно-технического сотрудничества Национальной академии наук Беларуси в разрезе политико-географических регионов. Выделены договорная база и экспортная составляющая международного сотрудничества НАН Беларуси в области науки и инноваций, в том числе в контексте деятельности межправительственных комиссий по развитию научно-технического сотрудничества. Представлены перспективные направления концентрации организационных и финансовых ресурсов для повышения эффективности сотрудничества Республики Беларусь с конкретными странами, а также для выхода с использованием установившихся контактов на новые рынки наукоемкой продукции. = A description of the main directions of development of the international scientific and technological cooperation of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus in the context of the political and geographical regions is given. Legal base and the export component of NASB international cooperation in science and innovation, including in the context of the intergovernmental commissions on the development of scientific and technical cooperation has been revealed. Perspective areas of concentration of the organizational and financial resources to improve the efficiency of cooperation between the Republic of Belarus and specific countries as well as the access to new markets of high technology products had been described.
Раздел "Международные отношения и внешняя политика" ; В статье рассматриваются подходы к определению значения и роли мультилатерализма как теоретического подхода, так и формы реализации внешней политики государства (международного многостороннего сотрудничества) в современной системе международных отношений. В наибольшей степени глобализация мировой политики и экономики способствует многостороннему разноуровневому разноскоростному социально-экономическому, политическому сотрудничеству государств в рамках международных организаций. В связи с этим поиск подходов к формулированию предложений по эффективной модернизации механизма международного многостороннего сотрудничества Республики Беларусь приобретает особую актуальность.= The article deals with the approaches to determination of the value and role of multilateralism as both a theoretical approach and a form of realization of a state's foreign policy (international multilateral cooperation) in the modern system of international relations. The globalization of the world politics and economy promotes to the greatest extent multilateral multilevel multispeed social, economic and political cooperation of countries within the framework of international organizations. Due to this the search of the approaches to formulate proposals for effective modernization of international multilateral cooperation mechanism of the Republic of Belarus is particularly relevant.
The reforms carried out recently in the Republic of Uzbekistan have caused a wide discussion. For many, the speed with which the liberalization of the economy is carried out, as well as the scale of transformations, came as a surprise. Being one of the most closed economies in the post-Soviet space five years ago, Uzbekistan managed not only to catch up with the progressive countries of the former Soviet Union, but also to do so with relatively small social consequences. As shown in the article, the "Uzbek miracle" was caused by three factors. Firstly, the reforms were prepared in advance. Secondly, after the change in the policy of multilateral development banks in terms of the conditions they set for issuing loans to governments, recapitalizing (in some cases) these organizations and optimizing their balance sheets, their ability to provide loans has expanded. In addition, criticism from the international community has stimulated multilateral development banks to take a more careful approach to the choice of tools used when working with borrowing states and literally "create" stories of successful transformation of national economies. Thirdly, the national development Institutes of the People's Republic of China and Japan have been active in working with the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan to implement projects aimed at modernizing the old and building new infrastructure. They have invested significant resources to transform certain sectors of the Uzbek economy. Financial institutions of European and Arab states also cooperate with the Uzbek government.Based on the matrix of projects compiled with the volumes of planned investments in the context of institutions and spheres of economic activity, the author pointed out sectors of the Uzbek economy that are the most attractive for individual foreign economic partners of the republic. The rapid growth of the state external debt of the republic has caused a discussion in the country about the effectiveness of the use of foreign loans, as well as the ...
The paper is an attempt to identify the existing gaps in the RF legislation and to offer ways of their solution in the framework of protection of the rights of citizens and legal persons, to whose relations the norms of international treaties can be applied. The purpose of this research is to study the order process and legal conditions of application of international agreements in arbitration courts of the Russian Federation.For this it is necessary to solve a number of specific problems: identify the gaps in the legislation; identify the practical problems for the application of the already signed international treaties and ways of their solution; to formulate suggestions for accession to the existing international treaties in which the Russian Federation is still not involved.The results of the study compensate for the lack of information on the role of international treaties in the practice of the RF arbitration courts. Generalizations and conclusions contained in the work can be used in development of special courses on the problems of private international law, in lectures on the General Course of Private International Law, Civil Law, Tax Law, Customs Law, Arbitration Process, in preparation of teaching materials on Private International Law, and further research into the topic.Final conclusions: 1) to simplify the system of relations between the law enforcement authorities of the Contracting parties; 2) to consider the possibility of Russia's accession to the Convention on international access to justice adopted in the Hague on 25.10.1980; 3) to adopt a comprehensive law of the Russian Federation or several Federal laws (e.g. the Federal law on enforcement of court orders, the Federal law «On enforcement proceedings in cases involving foreign elements»). ; Данная статья является попыткой выявить существующие пробелы в законодательстве Российской Федерации и предложить пути их решения в рамках защиты прав граждан и юридических лиц, к отношениям между которыми применимы нормы международных договоров.Целью настоящего исследования является изучение порядка и юридических условий процесса применения норм международных договоров арбитражными судами в РФ.Для этого необходимо решить ряд более узких задач: выявление пробелов в законодательстве; выявление практических проблем по применению уже подписанных международных договоров и пути их решения; формулирование предложений по присоединению к существующим международным договорам, в которых Российская Федерация до сих пор не участвует.Результаты исследования восполняют недостаток сведений по вопросу о роли международных договоров в практике арбитражных судов РФ. Обобщения и выводы, содержащиеся в работе, могут быть использованы при разработке спецкурсов по проблемам международного частного права, при чтении лекций общего курса международного частного права, гражданского права, налогового права, таможенного права, арбитражного процесса, подготовке учебных пособий по международному частному праву, а также в дальнейшей научной разработке темы.Выводы в конце статьи: 1) упростить систему взаимоотношений правоприменительных органов договаривающихся сторон; 2) изучить вопрос о возможности присоединения России к Конвенции о международном доступе к правосудию, заключенной в г. Гааге 25.10.80 г.; 3) принять комплексный закон РФ или несколько федеральных законов – это могут быть федеральный закон об исполнении судебных поручений, федеральный закон «Об исполнительном производстве по делам, связанным с иностранным элементом».
Раздел II Актуальные проблемы международного частного права ; В статье рассматриваются правовые механизмы реализации иностранцами права на получение образования в Республике Беларусь, в связи с чем анализируются положения белорусского законодательства, нормы многосторонних и двусто¬ронних договоров о сотрудничестве в сфере образования, заключенные с участием Беларуси. = The article examines the legal mechanisms of implementation by foreigners of their right to education in the Republic of Belarus. In connection with the above within the article the norms of the Belarusian legislation, rules of multilateral and Belarus' bilateral agreements on cooperation in the sphere of education are taken into analysis.
The paper presents a comparative analysis of the political and economic situation that existed in the Asia and the Pacific region (APR). The author shows that the «new» policy of Washingt reproduces the former with small changes. The concept of relations between the United States and their partners and its impact on the position of Australia, as an ally of the United States, and on the APR as a whole, are studied. ; В работе представлен сравнительный анализ политической и экономической ситуации, существовавшей в Азиатско-Тихоокеанском регионе (ATP). Автор показывает, что «новая» политика Вашингтона воспроизводит прежнюю с небольшими изменениями. Исследуются концепция взаимоотношений США с партнерами и ее влияние на положение Австралии, как союзника США, и на АТР в целом.
The article analyzes the current international legal problems of regulating the use of international rivers, originating in the Kyrgyz Republic and the formation of state legal policy in this area. The author comes to the conclusion that currently the legal policy of Kyrgyzstan in this area should be aimed at settling relations with neighbouring states and concluding international treaties in a bilateral format using the successful experience of multilateral cooperation on the use of international watercourse systems in other regions of the world and models developed within the UN and other organizations. In the long term, it will be necessary to develop a project for creating a supranational interstate structure for environmentally safe, politically equal, economically mutually beneficial and rational use of water resources.
International relations have been developing rapidly in recent years, integration processes and diversified cooperation are increasing. Often, bilateral relations are built within the framework of multilateral interaction, and it is no longer possible to consider them separately, otherwise the picture will not be entirely complete. On May 7, 2009 the Eastern Partnership (EaP) program of the European Union was launched, in which 6 countries participate: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine. Cooperation within the framework of this program is carried out in the political, economic, energy spheres, as well as in establishing contacts between people. It was the Eastern Partnership that determined the relations of the European Union with Armenia in subsequent years, which predetermined the need to consider them in the context of this program.
Раздел «Таможенные аспекты региональной интеграции» ; Cтатья посвящена анализу применения тарифных преференций в международной торговле, предоставляемых Европейским союзом (далее – ЕС) на основе двусторонних и многосторонних договоров, а также в рамках региональных экономических объединений. Проанализирована законодательная база предоставления тарифных преференций в Европейском союзе. Выделены актуальные проблемные аспекты функционирования системы тарифных преференций ЕС и определены возможные направления ее совершенствования. = The article is devoted to the analysis of the application of tariff preferences in international trade, provided by the European Union (hereinafter - EU) on the basis of bilateral and multilateral treaties, as well as within the regional economic communities. The legal framework of tariff preferences in the European Union was analysed. Actual problem aspects of the current system of tariff preferences the EU are highlighted and their possible solutions are described.
Раздел II "Актуальные проблемы международного частного права" ; Статья посвящена рассмотрению вопросов, касающихся закрепления правового статуса трудящихся-иммигрантов в Республике Беларусь, обоснованию необходимости корректировки отечественного законодательства в связи с установлением пробелов и коллизий в нем, выявлению влияния многосторонних и двухсторонних договоров, заключенных Республикой Беларусь, на трудоправовой статус трудящихся-иммигрантов в Республике Беларусь. В поле зрения автора находятся также дискуссионные вопросы, обусловленные разным толкованием международных договорных норм. = The article is devoted to the analysis of issues of the legal status of immigrant workers in the Republic of Belarus, legal background for the need to improve the Belarusian legislation in order to eliminate gaps and conflicts in it, as well as revealing the influence of multilateral and bilateral treaties of the Republic of Belarus on the laborlaw status of immigrant workers in the Republic of Belarus. The author are also discusses controversial issues arising from interpretation of international treaty law rules
