Suchergebnisse

What does it mean to be political in an age of postmodernisation and globalisation? Where former debates on globalisation have so far remained polarised between purely economic perspectives, political perspectives that are resolutely state-centric, and sociological perspectives that narrowly focus on the role of global cities, Politics in the Global City focuses on the controversial, neglected theme of citizenship. Engin F. Isin examines the changing role of citizens; their rights, obligations and responsibilities as members of nation-states and the issue of accountability in a global society. Using an interdisciplinary approach, Politics in the Global City is an innovative and influential collection of essays. --Publisher.

There is a wide range of economic development tools used by practitioners to facilitate growth on regional and municipal level. One of such tools is a strategic planning process. It helps local governments to set goals and priorities for community development and to coordinate activities in different areas of community life. It also helps to establish partnership among stakeholders and interest groups. This enables communities to mobilize public and private resources, to consolidate efforts of various groups and, by these means, to streamline economic development. Despite a large number of applications, there is a lack of rigorous evaluation results. This lack is related to two major difficulties: 1) The planning procedure differs greatly in the implementation details from case to case. That makes the comparison complicated (if at all possible). 2) The decision to start the planning process in most cases is thought to be predetermined by growth outcomes. Cities that are more likely to benefit from the planning are more likely to get involved into the process. Thus, it is almost impossible to tell if planning causes growth or economic growth leads to planning. The project "Local Economic Development in Ukraine" (LED) allows overcoming the above mentioned difficulties. This project is implemented by the USAID in 76 Ukrainian cities starting in 2004. The project helps local governments to initiate and to implement a process of strategic planning. It is done consistently using the same procedure in all participating cities that were initially chosen by the project administration. This paper evaluates the effect of LED using data of Ukrainian State Statistics Bureau on minor administrative units (cities and rural districts) for the period of 2003-2008. The analysis reveals that communities that have started a strategic planning with the LED are able to increase the number of businesses per capita, the amount of investments in fixed capital, and the number of jobs per capita in a short run. It also has affected the unemployment rate in a longer run.

This study was carried out in the Municipality of Siuna- Autonomous Region of Nicaragua Northern Caribbean Coast. The Municipal Development Plan for public management was analyzed. The criteria for budget allocation, factors in influencing the implementation of the development plan; the incidence of citizen participation in management, and a proposal for academic training for municipal planning and management were identified, as well. The type of study was descriptive qualitative and cross-sectional. e approach from the symbolic interactionism, using the structured interview, focus group and documentary review; e data provided by the study subjects were collected and analyzed. It was based on guiding questions, which consisted of structuring a system of categories for analysis. The findings revealed that the Municipal Development Plan as a methodological tool is de ned by the new Human Development Planning System, an inclusive, participatory and democratic process, legally supported, mainly in the Municipalities Act. By means of an ordinance, the municipal government constitutes the Municipal Planning Committee and with the active participation of the local actors, the strategic axes are de ned based on the needs and demands of the population. The Municipal Development Plan establishes criteria for budgetary allocations such as beneficiary population, territorial coverage, less favored sectors and political electoral affiliation. Furthermore, factors that influence its execution such as technical capacity, availability of resources, political polarization, climate change and institutional articulation are presented. ; Este estudio en la Alcaldía de Siuna, Región Autónoma Costa Caribe Norte de Nicaragua, se analizó el Plan de Desarrollo Municipal de la gestión pública. Se identificaron los criterios para la distribución del presupuesto, los factores que influyen en la ejecución del plan de desarrollo, la incidencia de la participación ciudadana en la gestión y una propuesta de formación académica para la planificación y gestión municipal. El tipo de estudio fue descriptivo cualitativo y corte transversal. El enfoque desde el interaccionismo simbólico, utilizándose la entrevista estructurada, grupo focal y revisión documental; se han recopilado y analizado los datos proporcionados por los sujetos de estudio. Se partió de preguntas directrices, lo que consistió en estructurar un sistema de categorías para el análisis. Los hallazgos revelaron que el Plan de Desarrollo Municipal como herramienta metodológica la define el nuevo Sistema de Planificación de Desarrollo Humano, un proceso incluyente, participativo y democrático, sustentado jurídicamente, principalmente en la Ley de Municipios. Mediante una ordenanza, el gobierno municipal constituye el Comité de Planeación Municipal y con la participación activa de los actores locales se definen los ejes estratégicos en base a las necesidades y demandas de la población. En el Plan de Desarrollo Municipal se establecen criterios para las asignaciones presupuestales tales como población bene ciada, cobertura territorial, sectores menos favorecidos y filiación política electoral. Además, se presentan factores que influyen en su ejecución como la capacidad técnica, la disponibilidad de recursos, la polarización política, los cambios climáticos y la articulación institucional.

This study was carried out in the Municipality of Siuna- Autonomous Region of Nicaragua Northern Caribbean Coast. The Municipal Development Plan for public management was analyzed. The criteria for budget allocation, factors influencing the implementation of the development plan; the incidence of citizen participation in management, and a proposal for academic training for municipal planning and management were identified, as well. The type of study was descriptive qualitative and cross-sectional. The approach from the symbolic interactionism, using the structured interview, focus group and documentary review; The data provided by the study sub- jects were collected and analyzed. It was based on guiding questions, which consisted of structuring a system of categories for analysis. The findings revealed that the Municipal Development Plan as a methodological tool is defined by the new Human Development Planning System, an inclusive, participatory and democratic process, legally supported, mainly in the Municipalities Act. By means of an ordinance, the municipal government constitutes the Municipal Planning Committee and with the active participation of the local actors, the strategic axes are defined based on the needs and demands of the population. The Municipal Development Plan establishes criteria for budgetary allocations such as beneficiary population, territorial coverage, less favored sectors and political electoral affiliation. Furthermore, factors that influence its execution such as technical capacity, availability of resources, political polarization, climate change and institutional articulation are presented. ; Este estudio en la Alcaldía de Siuna, Región Autónoma Costa Caribe Norte de Nicaragua, se analizó el Plan de Desarrollo Municipal de la gestión pública. Se identificaron los criterios para la distribución del presupuesto, los factores que influyen en la ejecución del plan de desarrollo, la incidencia de la participación ciudadana en la gestión y una propuesta de formación académica para la planificación y gestión municipal. El tipo de estudio fue descriptivo cualitativo y corte transversal. El enfoque desde el interaccionismo simbólico, utilizándose la entrevista estructurada, grupo focal y revisión documental; se han recopilado y analizado los datos proporcionados por los sujetos de estudio. Se partió de preguntas directrices, lo que consistió en estructurar un sistema de categorías para el análisis. Los hallazgos revelaron que el Plan de Desarrollo Municipal como herramienta metodológica la define el nuevo Sistema de Planificación de Desarrollo Humano, un proceso incluyente, participativo y democrático, sustentado jurídicamente, principalmente en la Ley de Municipios. Mediante una ordenanza, el gobierno municipal constituye el Comité de Planeación Municipal y con la participación activa de los actores locales se definen los ejes estratégicos en base a las necesidades y demandas de la población. En el Plan de Desarrollo Municipal se establecen criterios para las asignaciones presupuestales tales como población bene ciada, cobertura territorial, sectores menos favorecidos y filiación política electoral. Además, se presentan factores que influyen en su ejecución como la capacidad técnica, la disponibilidad de recursos, la polarización política, los cambios climáticos y la articulación institucional.

The present research work aims to discuss the importance of having the city planning as a tool to achieve better conditions of development and well-being of the population. Since the generation of information and the contribution of scientific knowledge for decision making of people who serve as authorities of different levels of Government are limited, prevents the generation of specialised public policies that can contribute objectively to the development of the entity. ; El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo discutir la importancia que tiene la planeación municipal como instrumento para alcanzar mejores condiciones de desarrollo y bienestar de la población. Dado que es limitada la generación de información, así como el aporte de conocimiento científico para la toma de decisiones, -de quienes fungen como autoridades en los diferentes niveles de gobierno-, se limita el diseño de políticas públicas que puedan contribuir de manera objetiva al desarrollo de la entidad; no obstante que alberga 8 Zonas Metropolitanas, más que cualquier otra entidad del país.

The recent 2016 local government elections once again proved that the only safe prediction that can be made about modern times is that change is certain to occur. South African municipalities are continuously vulnerable to potential regime changes, leaving them susceptible to instituting new political leadership with its ideologies and strategies. The municipality that was used as a case study in this paper experienced radical administrative changes after the 2011 municipal elections. The implementation of mechanisms to respond to structural and system-based changes has been slow in the public sector, and municipalities in particular have found it difficult to effectively manage such changes. This article proposes an effective implementation plan based on change management principles to ensure that the process is managed effectively and efficiently. In developing the plan, use was made of theoretical models and of empirical data that were acquired through interviews with and surveys involving key role players in the relevant local government organisation. The recommended Change Management Procedure Framework could serve as an intervention for use by municipal management during periods of change and by swung municipalities so as to minimise possible disruptions caused by change and to ensure more effective and efficient service delivery.

AbstractAt a time when disasters, pandemics, pollution, and other crises gain prominence, local governments bear a crucial responsibility for effective risk communication. Yet, there remains a gap in our understanding of how municipalities approach risk communication before a crisis occurs. This qualitative study, involving seven focus groups and 29 semistructured interviews across two Nordic countries, raises questions about ownership of municipal risk communication: What challenges do municipalities face in managing ownership in risk communication? How does the organization of communication influence municipal risk communication? The results underscore three key considerations: First, there is a critical need for municipalities to engage in definitional clarification of risk and crisis communication. Establishing a shared understanding is paramount for effective communication strategies. Second, reframing uncertainty in municipal risk communication ownership as an opportunity is suggested. Embracing the inherent uncertainties and dependencies can offer a valuable perspective. Lastly, recognizing the underappreciation of risk communication emphasizes the imperative for municipal decision makers to address resource allocation issues. This involves ensuring that communication professionals have the confidence and resources needed, vis‐à‐vis other functions involved in risk management.

AbstractWhile research on policy diffusion has gained significant interest among scholars worldwide, little attention has been given to policy reinvention in diffusion. This study aims to investigate the influencing factors and combination paths of policy reinvention in the Municipal Solid Waste Classification Policy (MSWCP). To achieve this, a theoretical framework encompassing internal factors, intergovernmental relations, and external influence has been constructed. Empirical analysis has been conducted on the MSWCP of 31 large‐ and medium‐sized cities in China using Qualitative Comparative Analysis. Through this analysis, several combination paths that prompted local governments to reinvent policies have been identified. Furthermore, the study has clarified the various roles of six conditions—financial resources, government attention, policy experience, peer competition, organizational learning, and social demand—in achieving policy reinvention. These findings are expected to provide new theoretical and practical insights into the field of policy reinvention research.

En este trabajo se muestra que el efecto "flypaper" ha estado presente en las transferencias no condicionadas que han recibido los municipios en México durante el periodo de 1990 a 2007. Utilizando datos tipo panel, confirmamos que hay una sustitución fiscal de tipo asimétrico en varios tipos de gasto público. Sostenemos que la respuesta del gasto público municipal también está determinada por el aumento en la competencia electoral a nivel estatal y municipal, especialmente durante los años electorales. ; In this paper, we present evidence of the flypaper effect of unconditional grants in the Mexican municipalities during the 1990 to 2007 period. Using panel data, we confirm the fiscal replacement asymmetric behavior in different types of expenditures. That is, local governments respond differently when transfers increase than when they decrease. We argue that the response in public expenditure, due to changes in unconditional transfers, is also determined by the increasing electoral competition in the state and municipal levels of government, especially during electoral years.

Restructuring municipal water supply using 'alternative service delivery' models is a growing trend. The author examines potential contradictions between 'alternative service delivery' business models, on the one hand, and goals of good governance and sustainability on the other. A case study of water conservation and efficiency programs implemented by municipal water utilities in Canada is used to show that specific alternative service delivery (ASD) models which seek greater distance between management and government can create incentives which deter utilities from pursuing important social and environmental goals. The neoliberal governance reform that commonly accompanies and encourages ASD tends to exacerbate its deficiencies vis-à-vis conservation in the water sector. Still, the prevalent government-led service delivery model can impose trade-offs of its own. Strategic (rather than ideological) improvements in governance can enable municipalities to reap the benefits of a variety of business models (including ASD) without compromising sustainability objectives.

This thesis consists of five papers, which concern expenditure decisions and economic growth within Swedish local government.Paper [1] explores the hypothesis that local fiscal shocks have short run effects on revenue and expenditure decisions made within local government. It is found that although fiscal shocks do not affect local authorities' revenue decisions, they do induce municipalities to change expenditures and financial costs along with short term loans. Local authorities are also found to respond more powerful to unfavorable fiscal shocks (deficit shocks) than to favorable fiscal shocks (surplus shocks).In Paper [2], we study the hypothesis that local (municipal) expenditures, in part, can be explained by regional (county) expenditures. We formulate and estimate a demand model for municipal services that is defined conditional on the county expenditures. The results imply a positive dependency between the provision of county and municipal services. Moreover, the results suggest that the hypothesis of weak separability between the provision of county and municipal services can be rejected. In addition, we cannot reject the hypothesis that the regional expenditures are weakly exogenous in the local expenditure equation.In Paper [3] the existence of spillover between Swedish municipalities in the provision of recreational and cultural services is analyzed. A representative .voter model is derived and the demand for recreational and cultural services is estimated using spatial SUR techniques. The results suggest a negative relationship between recreational and cultural expenditures provided by neighboring municipalities, which indicates that these services are substitutes.Paper [4] concerns the regional growth pattern in Sweden by analyzing what factors might determine the growth rate of regional average income levels and the net migration rates. Our results suggest a negative dependence between the initial average income level and the subsequent income growth, which supports the conditional convergence hypothesis. Among other things, we also find that the initial endowments of human capital have a positive effect on subsequent net migration while the initial unemployment rate is found to have a negative impact on net migration.Paper [5] complements the analysis made in Paper [4] by studying which factors determine average income growth and net migration at the local level of government. The conditional convergence hypothesis cannot be rejected. Local government investments are found to have a positive effect on the subsequent net migration while leaving the growth in mean income unaffected. This may indicate that the net migration caused by these investments does not significantly affect the proportion of skilled and unskilled labor. ; Härtill 5 delarbeten. ; digitalisering@umu