Suchergebnisse

Problems caused by the growth of urban fringe areas have increased, particularly since World War II. As the population of these areas increases, so does the need for public services and the attendant need for effective local government. County government in Washington has remained generally unchanged since its inception one hundred years ago. Conceived in contemplation of a rural, lightly populated area requiring only a minimum of services, county government was not designed to deal with urban problems. As a result, the task of providing governmental services has been assumed by existing municipalities, which, in order to gain the requisite jurisdiction over fringe areas, must annex them. Annexation often brings higher taxes, zoning restrictions, and other municipal control, causing dissention among the inhabitants of the area proposed to be annexed. The purpose of this Comment is to discuss certain problems and considerations raised by annexation, with particular emphasis upon the applicable Washington law. The comment is divided into a discussion of five general areas: 1) The procedure for accomplishing annexation; 2) Land which may properly be annexed; 3) Remedies available for attacking annexation; 4) Circumstances in which annexation may be collaterally attacked; and 5) The doctrine of de facto corporation.

The purpose of this article is to exaimne-the nature of the powers of municipal corporations in Washington in relation to the powers of the state legislature. A municipal corporation has been defined by the Washington supreme court as a body politic established by law as an agency of the state-partly to assist in the civil government of the country, but chiefly to regulate and administer the local and internal affairs of the incorporated city, town or district. Dependent upon the objective of the particular statute creating the body in question and the definition in such statute, the term "municipal corporation" may include almost any governmental body at the local level, from cities and counties to school districts, irrigation districts and port commissions. For the purposes of this paper, the term "municipal corporation" will be used to refer to cities and towns unless otherwise indicated. The article will first examine the general governmental relationship between the legislature and municipal corporations. There will then be a detailed discussion of several specific constitutional limitations and prohibitions upon the legislature, a consideration of the judicial approach to the powers of different classes of cities and towns, and a suggested method of harmonizing complementary and conflicting state statutes and municipal ordinances.

Every municipal corporation must increase revenue and capital receipts and reduce its expenditure. But in
Bhiwandi-Nizampur Municipal Corporation, the revenue receipts are decreasing due to local body tax, grants, rent from
other fixed assets. Revenue expenditure is increasing because of salary and allowances to staff, administrative expenses,
communication expenses, fees, advertising, repair of roads, computer equipment's, furniture, and transfer from schemes.
Capital receipts have decreased due to grants contribution from state and central government, loans, and other liabilities.
The capital expenditure is increasing due to contribution of municipal buildings, electrification and street lighting, vehicles.
Municipal corporation must find alternative sources of revenue. It must increase the entertainment tax, user fees of various
services and rent of municipal buildings and properties. It must reduce expenditure on vehicle allowances and
maintenance. The municipal corporation must increase capital expenditure on information technology, roads, street light,
water supply, and sanitation. Public-private partnership is important to raise capital to finance various socioeconomic
infrastructure projects. State government must invest in various projects to improve standard of living of people in
corporation.