Suchergebnisse

URL del artículo en la web de la Revista: https://www.upo.es/revistas/index.php/ripp/article/view/1575 ; Es reseña de: Democratic Values in the Muslim World Moataz A. Fattah Boulder, Colorado, USA : Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2006 ; Universidad Pablo de Olavide

Questo lavoro mira ad indagare l'identità di donne musulmane inglesi attraverso cinque opere letterarie: The red box (1991) di Farhana Sheikh, Only in London (2001) di Hanan Al-Shaykh, Brick Lane (2003) di Monica Ali, Sweetness in the belly (2005) di Camilla Gibb e Home Fire (2017) di Kamila Shamsie. Tutti questi romanzi contribuiscono alla rappresentazione di un ritratto onesto della negoziazione in corso, da parte di donne musulmane, della loro identità nella quotidianità britannica, il tutto rifiutando quelle immagini caricaturali e stereotipate che colpiscono il musulmano in generale. Una prima riflessione è dedicata alla storia della presenza musulmana in Inghilterra, una storia connessa a quella più generale dell'immigrazione nel paese, particolarmente evidente all'indomani della seconda guerra mondiale. Si tratta di considerare molteplici storie di diaspora e di migrazione, con una particolare attenzione alle difficoltà incontrate dalla comunità musulmana in termini di accettazione, di regolamenti e di percezione generale. Lo slittamento poi da razza a religione, in riferimento alle politiche e alla legislazione in materia di immigrazione, è tratteggiato come cruciale. Il musulmano è descritto in tutte le sue caratteristiche principali, mettendo particolare cura nell'evidenziare la differenza esistente tra ciò che è culturale e ciò che è religioso all'interno dell'Islam, spiegando quelle discrepanze percepite dall'Ovest una volta messo a confronto con esso. A seguire, si descrive la storia della presenza musulmana nella letteratura inglese, sottolineando le evoluzioni che hanno segnato la rappresentazione del personaggio musulmano, ponendo particolare attenzione all'impatto dell'affare Rushdie nella creazione dell'immagine del musulmano. Dai primi racconti di matrice orientalista, con particolare riferimento alle donne, si passa alle rese dei native informants, per terminare con descrizioni più recenti e complesse che offrono una immagine completamente liberata dagli stereotipi e che raccontano di personaggi depoliticizzati e de-sensazionalizzati. Una sezione è ovviamente dedicata alle donne musulmane, nel tentativo di ristabilire l'immagine che ne dà il vero Islam, liberandola cioè da quelle componenti culturali e patriarcali che l'avevano condizionata. In seguito, una sezione è dedicata all'analisi di prospettive letterarie, con lo scopo di chiarire temi centrali come il transnazionalismo, il multiculturalismo e il cosmopolitanismo. E soprattutto, si stabilisce la centralità del concetto di disorientamento espresso da Esra Santesso, insieme alla critica espressa sull'idea di ibridità, specialmente in riferimento alla religione. La parte centrale del mio lavoro analizza poi i romanzi nel dettaglio, esplorandoli pienamente attraverso quegli elementi, a disposizione delle donne, che permettono di negoziare l'identità, di combattere per reinventare i propri legami di lealtà e per trovare un nuovo posto nel mondo: classe, religione, vestiti e linguaggio. Più in generale, viene operata una riflessione su cosa significhi vivere in una comunità diasporica in Inghilterra: a tal proposito, si prendono in considerazione elementi come i mutamenti interni della comunità stessa, il concetto di appartenenza e il tema del ritorno. Mettendo l'accento sulle donne, si vuole enfatizzare la loro condizione, divisa tra la comunità di origine e il nuovo contesto: si approfondiscono, in particolare, temi come la sessualità, il matrimonio, i figli, il lavoro, il senso di impotenza e di alienazione.

A partir de una doble pregunta atinente al Otro (¿Qué es el Otro?; ¿Quién es el Otro?), se busca pensar el racismo conceptualmente y el discurso racista en su actualidad, partiendo de la hipótesis de que desde los atentados del 11 de septiembre del 2001 la producción de las otredades se articuló en torno a lo religioso: El Islam pasó a ocupar el lugar de enemigo fundamental en la estructura del discurso hegemónico y los sujetos fieles a dicha religión fueron englobados en un todo homogéneo y sospechoso que posibilitó su persecución y su deshumanización a nivel mundial. El racismo no comienza a partir de la enumeración de una serie de características-incluso consideradas negativas por el discurso dominante-de las que podrían ser portadores los musulmanes, sino a partir de que se realiza una inversión y se plantea que esas características las tienen porque son musulmanes. Ese porque conlleva una esencialización que no sólo produce falsas diferencias y falsas identidades, sino que escinde a ciertas prácticas políticas de determinada situación histórica, social, política, cultural y económica de los pueblos de Medio Oriente. ; Taking as a starting point the question of the Other (What is the Other? Who is the Other?), it is sought to think of racism conceptually and also to think of racist discourse at present, starting from the hypothesis that since September 11 Otherness has had to do with the religious sphere. Islam became the main enemy in the structuring of hegemonic discourse and faithful subjects were encompassed in a suspicious coherent whole which made persecution and dehumanisation possible at a world level. Racism does not start from an enumeration of characteristicseven some considered negative by dominant discourse- which Muslim people could have. It has its starting point an inversion of principles by virtue of which those people have those characteristics BECAUSE they are Muslim. That BECAUSE implies some essential assumptions that not only produce false differences and identities, but it also separates certain political practices from a certain historic, social, political, cultural and economic situation for the peoples of the Middle East. ; Sección Estudios. ; Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI)

This article evaluates the way Arab Muslim women are represented in documentaries by diasporic filmmakers and producers involved in social transformation and in giving visibility to individuals usually excluded from traditional narratives. Based on the case studies Entre dos orillas, voces de mujeres marroquíes (Hicham Malayo, 2014) and Vidas invisibles: mujeres migrantes bajo el plástico (La Cosecha Producción Audiovisual, 2020), a qualitative content analysis was conducted to examine the messages about these women and their lives in Spain, and the framing devices used in the documentaries. Although these audiovisuals attempt to portray the diversity of Arab Muslim immigrant women's experiences rather than present a homogeneous and universal image, they follow the common narrative that portrays immigrants as an external addition to Spanish society, rather than as full members of it. This suggests that, although these works come from the margins of industrial production, they do not necessarily offer a groundbreaking discursive alternative to these collectives. Nor do they provide a representation of these women that contributes to (re)defining their collective identity as part of Spanish society, nor do they provide an understanding of Spain as a place of ethnic and social diversity.

This paper is based on a previous study on the representation of Arab Muslim women in Spanish fiction series of the second decade of the 21st century. It was decided to replicate the analysis in a selection of films to determine whether both media offer similar cultural discourses about this group. Using a qualitative methodology based on the characterization model and the analysis of the stereotype figure, it was determined that, in fiction feature films and unlike the series, these women have been relegated to secondary characters with greater or lesser presence in the plot. Furthermore, their participation in the plot depends exclusively on their link with a male character. In both formats, they are represented with physical features frequently associated with their community and all of them wear a turban or hijab at some point in the plot. In both, series and films, there are characters from this group that break with the tendency to associate these women with the private sphere. In films, there are not many scenes in which stereotypes associated with this minority are expressed verbally. However, when this occurs, they confront and correct the concepts with which they are defined. Nevertheless, topics such as the way of life, religion, or violence are represented through preconceived ideas, usually associated with this community. It is concluded that, unlike in the field of serialized audiovisuals, Spanish cinema, for the most part, has returned to the first formulas of representation of Arab Muslim women. This is consistent with current data on audiovisual content production in Spain, which reflect a trend of return to the past in cinema, in relation to diversity and character representation. The image of this minority in films is characterized by invisibility, lack of voice, confinement to the domestic sphere, and links to violence and drugs. Therefore, the stereotype associating nationality with criminal behavior and substance abuse is maintained in Spanish fiction.

Avicena's Metaphysics is probably the most mature expression of the Muslim rationalist thinking from the Middle Ages. From a Marxist point of view, this essay investigates how this way of thinking came to be, its historical roots and the economic, political and social network that made it possible. It also tries to uncover the theoretical problems it addresses and the intellectual needs tries to solve. Finally, this paper outlines a brief review of its historical significance as well as its future projections, today our past. ; De Avicena es seguramente la expresión más madura del pensamiento racionalista musulmán de la Edad Media Este artículo investiga, desde una perspectiva marxista, cómo se hizo posible ese modo de pensar, cuáles fueron sus raíces históricas y qué organización económica, política y social justificó su aparición. Intenta averiguar también a qué problemas teóricos responde y qué necesidades intelectuales busca resolver. Finalmente esboza una breve exposición de su significado histórico y sus proyecciones hacia el futuro, hoy pasado nuestro.

Starting from the middle of the 16-th century, during the foreign policy expansion increase, the ethno-confessional diversity of the Russian state was steadily increasing. The imperial policy aimed at assimilating non-Russian peoples sharply raised the issue of their identity preservation. For domestic Muslims, an important factor in cultural and confessional identity provision was the preservation and development of their traditional ties with the Islamic world. Various political, economic, cultural, and other contacts maintained with the countries of the Muslim East have become the basis for the stability of the Muslim community in Russia under imperial pressure. In this system, a special role was originally played by the Hajj (Muslim pilgrimage to the holy places in the Hejaz), which the official administration had to reckon with. The aim of the proposed study is to identify socio-political aspects, socio-political conditions, and the specifics of the Hajj implementation in the 19th century. After the analysis of office documentation, travel notes of Muslim pilgrims, and expert assessments of orientalists, the authors concluded that, despite the increasing opposition from the authorities, the significance of the Hajj intensifies in the 19th century. Hajj became not only the factor of opposition to imperial acculturation, but also a channel for presentation the ideas of renewal.

Indonesia is a diverse country, if not one of the most diverse ones in the world. Due to its geographical fact as the largest archipelago in the world, Indonesia's territory has been inhabited by not less than 1340 different tribes who speak more than 600 local/traditional languages since ancient times. It is also the territory where there were some prominent Hindu-Buddhist ancient kingdoms, such as Srivijaya and Majapahit, in which their existence determined the civilization existing in South East Asia today. Once Islam came into this archipelago, it then quickly became the dominant religion, and this then makes Indonesia the biggest Muslim country in the world without changing its status as a place for people from various religions to live and co-exist with each other. Those all shape the existence of Indonesia today. The world's biggest Muslim country with its inherent diversities that have been existing since long before the establishment of this country. However, such a fact of diversities, especially in the matter of religious life, has been under threat. There have been many cases where the religious minority groups encountered marginalization, discrimination, or even persecutions, in which it happened in the relationship with the Muslims as the dominant religious group. Resistances against the establishments of churches or other worship places of the non-Muslims that is more and more frequent happening in various places in Indonesia, or resistance against non-Muslims to be the governmental leaders, such as what happened during the moment of the provincial election in Jakarta in 2017, are examples of how some Muslims in Indonesia are getting intolerant towards their fellow citizens from different religions. Even worse, such an emerging tendency of intolerance didn't only happen towards non-Muslims, but also towards the minority groups within the Muslims too. The persecution against the members of the Ahmadiyya sect in the village of Cikeusik, province of Banten, in 2011, as well as the one against the Shiites in the town of Sampang, province of East Java, in 2012, which resulted in the deaths of some Ahmadiyya members and the displacement of the whole Shiite community in Sampang, obviously highlighted the condition of how such diseases of intolerance and hatred have been significantly growing among some Muslims in Indonesia towards those who differ. Surely, the problem is not with Islam per se, but instead with how Islam is interpreted, practiced, and used by some people in Indonesia. As such, I argue that this problem derives from the so-called Islamic fundamentalism. It is from this context, the research through this Ph.D. thesis is carried out. Through this research, I investigated how Islamic fundamentalism has been developing in Indonesia since the beginning through historical analysis (Chapter III). From such an investigation, I then investigated and analyzed further the existing legal frameworks in Indonesia regarding how these all have failed in properly dealing with the paradigm of Islamic fundamentalism (Chapter V). Surely, all those works are done after I conducted the necessary elaboration and clarification regarding the concept of Islamic fundamentalism (Chapter II). And since pluralism is the core value embraced in this research that needs to be protected from the threat of Islamic fundamentalism, I also made theoretical elaborations on some principles and approaches under the umbrella of the politics of recognition of difference to protect and advance diversities (Chapter IV). I close this Ph.D. thesis with a chapter (Chapter VI) where I proposed what I argue as the best legal framework possible to combat Islamic fundamentalism as well as to advance diversities in Indonesia as a Muslim majority country. There, I argued that some key principles developed in the Western world are indeed necessary to serve as the fundamental basis for such a legal framework.

Upon taking the reins of power in the South Asian Sub-continent, the East India Company officials, being aware of how sensitive Indians were of their socio-cultural traditions, adopted a policy of "non-interference" and kept aloof from all matters related to the socio-cultural and religious affairs of the local inhabitants. Instead, they busied themselves with the economic exploitation of the country, the objective for which they had come to the region.Nevertheless, following a vociferous clamour and pressure from the Christian missionaries who regarded the Indian people as "primitive" and "benighted", and who felt duty bound to "civilize" them, the British Government in London forced the East India Company in 1813 to forsake its, hitherto privileged, "no-interference policy" and give the evangelical movement unrestricted access to the country as an essential precondition for the renewal of the charter.Thus, upon setting foot in the Sub-continent, the missionaries, and even some British reform-minded officials, embarked on the process of reforming, as well as westernizing, the Indian society. Although some of the reforms being introduced were, when looked at objectively, positive, they were always despised by the native Indians. Indeed, this brought about a widespread malaise among the natives who interpreted the Company's actions as part of a scheme to forcefully convert them to Christianity. Thus, the task of this paper is to set out this socio-cultural malaise.

The essay explores of how Arab-American and Arab-Muslim playwrights have reacted to the growth of Islamophobia, surveillance and discrimination within the US after 9/11. It also explores the pluralities of cultural, religious and political fractures that have characterized both the national and the international arena in the last two decades. Together with the criticism to the "state of Exception" in the work of playwrights like Youssef El Guindi and Rania Khalil, Arab-American and Muslim-American theatre engages with the Us/Them dichotomy Islamophobia relies on, and deconstructs this binary opposition by showing how, as shown in Betty Shamieh's Roar, Jamil Khoury's Precious Stones and in particular in Ayad Akhtar's Disgraced, cultural preconceptions and distorted representations form a blurred continuum in the history of minority cultures

En el presente trabajo se aborda la cuestión de los matrimonios mixtos, centrando la atención en los contraídos en forma canónica entre parte católica y musulmana. En este sentido, se estudia desde sus orígenes hasta la celebración en sí. La evolución de estas uniones en el derecho canónico también es analizada, a efectos de poder apreciar las diferencias producidas en los cánones en que se regulan. Este estudio ha sido planteado desde tres perspectivas claramente definidas: canónica, islámica y estatal. Abstract: In this document is approached the topic of mixed marriages, focusing on the ones got in a canonical way between catholic and muslim part. In this case, it is studied since it's origins until it's celebration. The evolution of those marriages in the canonical law is also analized to appreciate the differences produced by the canons which regulates them. This study is approached by three clear perspectives: canonical, islamic and governmental.