Suchergebnisse

Alfred Marshall ha pasado a la historia de la teoría económica como maestro en el campo microeconómico. Sus aportadones a las teorías de valor, la demanda, la oferta, la distribución o la organización industrial han eclipsado otras, no menos significativas, a las teorías del dinero, los ciclos, o del comercio internacionaL El presente trabajo quiere recoger algunas de esas contribuciones, si bien se centra en su teoría monetaria que, formulada por encima de intereses prácticos o de política, ha resultado ser un eslabón esencial en la trasmisión de la teoría monetaria que ha llegado hasta nuestros días. ; Alfred Marshall has long been recognised as an important figure in the development of rigorous microeconomic theory. His contributions to the theories of value, demmand, supply, distribution and industrial otganization have (often overshadowed his other, no less significant, contributions to theories of money, business cycles, and international trade. This paper concentrates on MarshalTs influence on monetaiy theory, which carries forward to this day, and argues that this theory of money did not arise from his role as an adviser to the British Parlament ; Publicado

Die internationale Wachstumsdebatte befindet sich immer noch unter dem Einfluss der Finanzkrise, weil sich in den Industriestaaten die Wachstumsraten nicht wie erwartet wieder erholt haben. Die verschiedenen Erklärungsansätze lassen sich in Angebots- und Nachfrageansätze unterscheiden. Die Vertreter der Nachfrageseite fordern ein radikales Umdenken makroökonomischer Politik, insbesondere eine Abkehr von dem Bestreben, die öffentlichen Haushalte mittelfristig tragfähig zu gestalten. Sie beziehen ihre Motivation vor allem aus dem extrapolierten Wachstumstrend vor dem Einsetzen der Finanzkrise. Dieser Text unterzieht diese Hauptmotivation der nachfrageseitigen Ansätze einer kritischen Würdigung, indem er die Extrapolation eines kurzfristigen Trends mit alternativen Trendkonzepten kontrastiert. Er relativiert deren theoretische und empirische Relevanz dahingehend, dass Forderungen nach radikalen Änderungen der vorherrschenden wirtschaftspolitischen Überzeugungen als nicht ausreichend begründet erscheinen. Stattdessen wird auf die Gefahren von langfristigen Verzerrungen hingewiesen, wenn Wirtschaftspolitik eingesetzt wird, um mit staatlicher Nachfrage, erhöhter expansiver Geldpolitik oder fehlerhafter Deregulierung das Wachstum zu erhöhen. Dabei werden auch historische Parallelen zu den Großen Depressionen nach 1873 und 1929 gezogen.

The natural classification of socialism in the evolution of the history of humanity is one more difficulty for many thinkers. Surprisingly enough, many intelligent people try to deny the sense of history by challenging historical reality. In other words, though it existed, it would have been much better for socialism not to have existed in the history of humanity.The dereliction of socialist ideology after 1989, the cancellation or ridicule of the principles and ideals expressed in the cant of the boring and demonetized slogans prove the fragility of the much-invoked damage of the so-called communist politics as an essence of the system. It was not the ideology, or the code of the communists' ethics or the supremacy of socialist property that made up the sense and essence of socialism as applied after 1948.The 'objective' of applied socialism was the forced, accelerated development of the economies of the central and south-eastern European countries, based on the experience of USSR for the compatibility of the structure of the consumption demand of their inhabitants with the supply of the industrialized countries in a historical interval as soon as possible. God knows whether the effects of extending capitalism in these countries instead of socialism would have been the same or maybe even better until 1989! The fact is that socialism was imposed from the outside, without following in any way whatsoever the Marxist schedule of proletarian revolution determined by the enhancement of internal class contradictions.The study of the League of Nations in 1945 reveals the programmatic character or, if not, at least the prophetic character of the advanced analyses and forecasts based on the developments of the 1870-1938 period.during the interwar period, the gaps between the manufactured products exporting countries and the raw materials supplying countries widened;the diminution of the purchasing power in the countries exporting the basic commodities put more acutely in danger the sales of the countries manufacturing processed industrial goods; the economic gaps between the West and the East, i.e. the North and the South, could be reduced only by the fast industrialization of the countries exporting raw materials;the role of the external capital in the development of national economies was proved to be the least controversial; the internal, national accumulation was decisive;the free initiative, individualism and pseudo-market economy had proven their limits, as they had been ineffective for an accelerated development of the countries during early industrialization;the study of the League of Nations highlights the need of the constant intervention of the state in economy by means of central planning.Though socialism was not expressly recommended as the best solution for the forced economic growth and development of the raw materials supplying countries, the study of the League of Nations in 1945 argues and supports measures and convergent ways of action to a very similar socio-economic system.

1820 ; 1820 (T2,N10). ; Appartient à l'ensemble documentaire : ChArdenn1

novembre 1935 ; 1935/11 (N10). ; Appartient à l'ensemble documentaire : PaysLoir1

septembre 1924 ; 1924/09 (N10). ; Appartient à l'ensemble documentaire : PoitouCh1

septembre 1923 ; 1923/09 (N10). ; Appartient à l'ensemble documentaire : PoitouCh1

octobre 1918 ; 1918/10 (N10). ; Appartient à l'ensemble documentaire : Pam1