Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to the review and analysis of different approaches to the
concept of ecological culture in the socio-philosophical knowledge, philosophical
reflection of ecological culture as value relations between man and nature.

The emergence of new phenomena and concepts determines the constant need for new means of cognition, nomination and evaluation — a process in which metaphors traditionally take the leading place.
The article is devoted to the processes of replenishing the actual vocabulary of socio-political discourse through metaphorization as a means of secondary nomination. The subject of the study is the metaphorical character of this part of the modern German lexicon and the processes of metaphorization that took place in the German-language socio-political discourse during the last decade. The object of the study was lexical units selected from publications in modern
German-language media. The paper describes the functioning of topical metaphors in the social sphere, domestic and foreign policy, economy, education, modern technologies, and ecology. The processes of metaphor migration between different spheres, as well as the expansion and specialization of their meaning are presented. The linguistic material is considered first of all in cognitive and nominative aspects and is analyzed according to several criteria: conceptosphere, belonging to parts of speech and language of origin, structural and functional characteristics, word-formation potential. Special attention is paid to the description of conceptual (cognitive), figurative and expressive-evaluative metaphors, as well as the anthropocentric nature of metaphor. The article analyzes a number of
so-called «leading metaphors» of modern socio-political discourse, which, due to their high frequency and manipulative use, have lost their metaphoricality over time and undergone significant semantic changes. The problem of manipulative nature of some metaphors, the issues of morality and political correctness of their use are discussed. Theoretical considerations are illustrated by actual linguistic material, which is a cross-section of a particular stage of language functioning and allows us to study its dynamic and creative essence.

Modern trends in social development transform environmental pollution risk into a fundamental category without which economic activity is impossible. In essence, the environmental risk indicator is on a par with such important economic categories as profit, cost, profitability, gross domestic or regional product, etc. At the same time, let us pay attention to a variety of approaches existing in the world practice for assessing environmental risks and their components (contamination likelihood and environmental harm) together with multifaceted specifics of economic entities activities. All these require a systemic consideration of methodological principles and methodological support, identifying the problems and areas in improving the applied calculation tools. The purpose of the study is to review the world experience in terms of methodology and methodological support of environmental risk assessment. The research methods incorporate environmental and economic analysis, content analysis, information modeling. The key findings of the study highlight the shortcomings and contradictions in understanding and assessing environmental risk, develop a broad systemological classification of the types and characteristics of environmental risks methodology, streamline and methodological support of these risks and show the directions to improve the assessment approaches. The scope of application encompasses environmental audit and expertise, eco-insurance, as well as regulatory
documents of ministries (RF Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, RF Ministry of Health, the Moscow Region Ministry of Ecology and Nature Management) and departments (Rostekhnadzor, Rosprirodnadzor, Rospotrebnadzor, Rosvodresursy, Rosleskhoz, Rosnedra, etc.), scientific and educational publications on environmental risk assessment.