The efforts to save the environment have actually been carried out, both through awareness to the community and stakeholders. One of the actors who play an important role in saving the environment is the community through the business world. This gave birth to a model, namely ecopreneurship. This paper aims to find a model of the role of non-government actors in realizing ecopreneurship based on environmental security. The method used to analyze this is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results of this study found that ecopreneurship is an effort made in order to preserve the sustainable on environmental security by the role of non-government actors. The role of non-government actors is implemented through the role of Karang Taruna Batu Bejamban, waste banks, and sustainable environmental management in the context of realizing ecopreneurship.
This article explores the significant role that the state is still expected to play in initiating and implementing the energy transition. In this regard, it is laid out in three parts. Part I focuses on the premise of the role that derives from constitutional law. This role is considered classic, because it is based on different functions of the state, and the legitimate constrain that distinguishes it from other social actors, including non-state actors. Tremendous materials are offered by the analysis either from the perspective of sociology or law studies when it comes to the specific situation of French-speaking African states. The scope of analysis is broadened with the energy law approach. With a focus on African English-speaking countries, the article examines both the way the state is enforcing statutes aiming to design its own transition scheme and exercising its discretionary power through its energy policy. Beyond the functions of the state—deriving from its sovereign power—these elements set out the direction in quest of a specific role the state can play in the energy transition as a process in Part II. As such, the energy transition, if it is to lead to coherent social change, requires strong and dynamic leadership, including clear, nuanced, and forward-looking direction on the broad sections of the overall process, and the environmental justice issues that necessarily cluster around them. For this reason, the role of the state is construed as both a steering role, and an integrative role for environmental, economic and social issues. Part III provides a rationale for the necessary and strong support of international cooperation—to the state—in order to achieve the paradigm shift smoothly. In Part IV, I emphasize the African Union's transition initiatives in the run-up to COP 25, which I hold out as an inducement for states' efforts. In fact, this article seeks to address these issues. Taken together, they could help build a coherent pattern of the role that African states play in the energy ...
The paper aims to explore the irritants and opportunities of Pak-Afghan relations after 9/11 period. The paper found that the post 9/11 period involved Pakistan deeply in the peace process and eradication of terrorist activities in the region due to the strategic depth of Pakistan. As a result, Pakistan relations with Afghanistan suffered badly. For the sake of regional peace and harmony, Pakistan's role in US led coalition against terrorism in Afghanistan has been inevitable, however, it resulted counter-productive in respect to Pak-Afghan relations. The paper is qualitative in nature which has focused the historical facts and events of Pak-Afghan relations to trace out the question which factors remained the main hindrance towards to establishment of friendly Pak-Afghan relations. The paper also suggests that friendly Pak-Afghan relations are in the larger interest of both states since collaboration and cooperation between Pakistan and Afghanistan does not ensure peace in the region, they also can be the greatest economic and political partners of the region.
The article looks into the contemporary challenges for higher education in the era of unexpected global turbulences following the processes of globalisation not only in the social, political, economic and financial contexts but also in the educational domain. Multidimensional reality has brought its changes to communication and risen the standards of effective communication much higher than forecast in the previous years. The global developments drive for efficiency in intercultural dialogue, which causes reconsideration of the lingual status of education in multinational classrooms. The burning issues arise more sharply for cross border communication for business and diplomacy purposes. It means that a high demand in the educational market for LSP instructors (LSP – languages for specific purposes) at philology departments in Ukraine and abroad has started moving higher education to become more business oriented and stakeholder and university partnered. That said, it is necessary to analyse the existing foundations for poly- / multiculturality in higher education as supported by governments and the government of Ukraine, in particular, as well as go deeper into the levels of the research concept, the methodological level, to be more precise. As part of the research, the paper describes the key methodological approaches to foster and cultivate poly- / multiculturality in multi-dimensional classrooms – polylingual and multicultural. Such approaches are viewed fundamental to educate high-class LSP instructors in the field of foreign language instruction and acquisition in higher education. Among them are the systemic approach including the structural one, the synergic approach to cultivate poly- / multiculturality with future LSP educators in foreign language classrooms, cross-cultural approach, axiological and communicative approaches, environmental and reflexive approaches, etc.
Purpose: The feelings that an employee have for the job is essential to be analyzed the job satisfaction level of government employees after implementation of federal state in the context of Bhojpur district of Nepal. Design/Methodology/Approach: The questionnaire was distributed to governmental employees via mail and direct distribution to respective offices of Bhojpur district with 93.8% of response rate. The data has been divided into local, provincial and federal categories and separately analyzed along with combined analysis too. Satisfaction level along with the factors of the same was accessed using SPSS for descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings/Result: Government employees from all tiers of government viz. local, provincial and federal are dissatisfied with present remuneration, benefit and employee adjustment process along with present organizational structure, wage policy, present work performance evaluation system and decision-making system in offices but satisfied with present leave system after promulgation of federal structure. Present job authority and position are acceptable level for employees working in all three tiers of government. Most crucial factor seems to be promotion and career growth rather than remuneration. Job training, working environment, team spirit and right work performance evaluation system seem to be major parameters for job satisfaction. Job location is temporary in nature which can be easily handled. Strong reservation on promotion and job rotation approach which is included in new federal structure by all tiers of government employees. Originality/Value: It is a survey research to guide for amendment of present organizational structures and wage policy in new federal structure of Nepal. Paper Type: Survey based Policy Research
Direct elections for regional heads by the people began after the issuance of Law no. 32 of 2004 concerning Regional Government. After the implementation of direct regional head elections by the people for 12 years, there were pros and cons regarding the implementation of direct regional head elections so that Law No. 22 of 2014 concerning the Regional Head Election in a representative manner by the DPRD which was later canceled through Government Regulation in Lieu of Law (Perpu) No. 1 of 2014 concerning Direct Regional Head Election by the People. The issuance of a Government Regulation in Lieu of a Law is intended so that democracy at the regional or local level can develop where regional people can directly elect their leaders at the regional or local level. This research is a normative legal research where the focus of the study is the norms contained in Perpu No. 1 of 2014 which returns the regional head elections directly elected by the local people. This research approach uses a qualitative juridical approach, namely examining from the legal side in addition to providing explanations regarding the considerations issued by the president's Perpu and the public's response to direct regional head elections. The purpose of this study is to determine the process of regional head elections that are directly elected by the local people so that the development of democracy at the local level can run well. The results obtained from this research are that direct regional head elections by the local people reflect more of a democratic nature than through representation and are in accordance with the wishes of the constitution that sovereignty is in the hands of the people.
