Suchergebnisse

In diesem Aufsatz wird die Varianzschätzung von Nettoveränderungen am Beispiel ausgewählter Indikatoren des Mikrozensus untersucht. Auf der Grundlage von Scientific-Use-Files des Mikrozensus als große replikative Mehrthemenumfrage werden häufig zeitliche Veränderungen von Indikatoren berichtet. Durch die partielle Rotation von Erhebungseinheiten reduziert sich die Varianz von Nettoveränderungen. Dieser methodische Vorteil kann seit der Bereitstellung längsschnittkonsistenter Ordnungsnummern in den Daten ab 2012 genutzt werden. Hierfür wird das von Berger und Priam (2016) vorgeschlagene Verfahren verwendet. Damit ist es nun für die Wissenschaft möglich, die hohe Präzision der Schätzergebnisse von Nettoveränderungen effizient auszuschöpfen.

We examine how participation in social safety net programs differs by income-to-poverty levels, and how that relationship changed after the Great Recession. We define income-to-poverty based on the average of 2 years of merged CPS data, and investigate program participation among households with income less than 300 percent of poverty. We find changes in both the level and distribution of safety-net program participation during the Great Recession, with SNAP expanding most at the bottom, the EITC expanding most in the middle, and UI expanding most at the top of the income ranges that we investigate; TANF did not expand.

Societal issues involving policies and publics are generally understudied in research on ocean-based Negative Emission Technologies (NETs), yet will be crucial if novel techniques are ever to function at scale. Public attitudes are vital for emerging technologies: publics influence political mandates, help determine the degree of uptake by market actors, and are key to realizing broader ambitions for robust decision-making and responsible incentivization. Discourses surrounding ocean NETs will also have fundamental effects on how governance for the techniques emerges, shaping how they are defined as an object of governance, who is assigned the authority to govern, and what instruments are deemed appropriate. This Perspective brings together key insights on the societal dimensions of ocean NETs, drawing on existing work on public acceptability, policy assessment, governance, and discourse. Ocean iron fertilization is the only ocean NET on which there exists considerable social science research thus far, and we show that much evidence points against its social desirability. Taken in conjunction with considerable natural science uncertainties, this leads us to question whether further research is actually necessary in order to rule out ocean iron fertilization as an option. For other ocean NETs, there is a need for further research into social dimensions, yet research on analogous technologies shows that ocean interventions will likely evoke strong risk perceptions, and evidence suggests that the majority of ocean NETs may face a greater public acceptability challenge than terrestrial NETs. Ocean NETs also raise complex challenges around governance, which pose questions well-beyond the remit of the natural sciences and engineering. Using a conceptual exploration of the ways in which different types of discourse may shape emerging ocean NETs governance, we show that the very idea of ocean NETs is likely to set the stage for a whole new range of contested futures.

n 1995, the Texas Legislature enacted H. B. 1863, which formed the basis for Texas' waiver from existing Federal laws governing the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program. The Texas waiver, officially known as the Achieving Change for Texans (ACT) demonstration, aims to assist participants to achieve independence from welfare through an increased emphasis on employment, training, temporary assistance and support services. It includes four primary components: Time-Limited and Transitional Benefits (TL), Responsibilities, Employment and Resources (RER), Incentives to Achieve Independence (IAI), and TANF One Time Payments. The evaluation of the ACT demonstration consists of three approaches: a process evaluation, an impact analysis, and follow-up interviews with persons who reached their time limits or who elected to receive TANF One Time payments instead of entering TANF. This report includes net impacts of the ACT demonstration from its inception in June 1996 through December 1997, and describes early impacts of the time limits and RER experiments on welfare dynamics, client self-sufficiency, participation in workforce development programs, and use of subsidized child care services. ; Texas Health and Human Services Commission (formerly Texas Department of Human Services) ; Ray Marshall Center for the Study of Human Resources