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Bang in the middle of a dialogue now going on about African culture—its roots, its contemporary values and relevance, and its future—Chemchemi Creative Centre has been born. This has come into our midst as a sister to the three Mbari writers' and artists' clubs in Nigeria; it will be inspired by the same aims, although the methods of achieving them will obviously be guided by local national conditions.

Emergence of Hong Kong and Singapore as the world's leading financial centres in the 1970s and early 1980s. An assessment of their importance as financial centres from a Marxist-Leninist (pro-Soviet) standpoint. Banking sector in Singapore dominated by major European, American and Japanese banks. Singapore a major lender of capital to and a most profitable market for investments from ASEAN countries

In recent years, international financial centres have become one of the most important elements of the international financial system. Increasing globalization of the world economy raises the role and influence of international financial centres (IFC) due to extending scope of activities of IFC that currently includes financial markets, international financial and lending relations, insurance, etc. Financial centres make a substantial contribution to the overall economic development and growth of the country. The establishment and development of financial centres is a quite complex and complicated process that combines various historical, geographic, social, economic and political factors. The establishment of international financial centres is related to financial liberalization processes as well as globalization of the financial market. According to the history of financial centres, a number of factors contribute to their establishment and development: geographic location, multicultural factors, liberal legislation, stimulating tax and customs policies, immigration legislation, competitive costs of financial services, etc. However, it is not always that financial centres are established in places with favourable economic, political and social factors. It requires both a combination and interaction of different factors, as well as political will and success. The aim of the paper is basing on the examination of the factors influencing establishment of IFC, to analyze the directions of the competitiveness enhancement of Riga International Financial Centre by identifying its potential niche. The following research methods have been used in the paper: generally accepted quantitative and qualitative methods of economic research, including comparative analysis and synthesis, graphic methods, expert methods, SWOT analysis. ; peer-reviewed

This book gathers leading economic historians, geographers, and social scientists to focus on the developments in key international financial centres following the 2008 Global Financial Crisis and to consider the likely effects of Brexit on these centres. Eleven centres in eight countries are taken into consideration: New York, London, Frankfurt, Paris, Zurich/Geneva, Hong Kong/Shanghai/Beijing, Tokyo, and Singapore. The book addresses three main issues. The first is the hierarchy of international financial centres, in particular whether Asian financial centres have taken advantage of the crisis in the West. The second is the medium-term effects of the crisis, with respect to the volume of business activity (including employment), and the level of regulation, with concerns regarding the risks of regulatory overkill. And the third is the rise of new technology, known as fintech, possibly the most important change in the decade following the crisis, with questions as to whether it will render financial centres, as we know them, unnecessary for the functioning of the global economy, and which cities are likely to emerge as hubs of new financial technology. Finally, the book discusses the likely effects of Brexit on international financial centres, in particular London, Paris, and Frankfurt. The book takes a decidedly interdisciplinary approach, with a general introduction providing a global overview from a historical perspective, and a general conclusion providing a global overview from a geographical perspective. Its focus on the implications for global financial centres is unique among books about the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis.

In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country

This book uses the epochal events of the financial crisis and Brexit to examine post-2008 developments in international financial centres. It considers the hierarchy of financial centres, the medium-term effects of the financial crisis, and the rise of new technology