Suchergebnisse

The article surveys the work of Russian and foreign researchers, which aims at defining such concepts as "ethnic group," "nation" and "people" in the context of nation-building in a heterogeneous society. The article briefly describes the main features of nation-building as they are seen from the standpoint of nationalism, multiculturalism, politics of identity and republican citizenship. The author offers an approach to interpreting nation-building in Singapore on the basis of analyzed concepts and viewpoints.Key words: nation-building, ethnicity, nation, nationalism, multiculturalism, politics of identity, republican citizenship, Singapore ; В статье дан реферативный обзор работ отечественных и зарубежных исследователей, посвященных вопросам определения таких понятий, как «этнос», «нация» и «народ», в контексте проблемы нациестроительства в гетерогенном обществе. Кратко изложены основные особенности нациестроительства с позиций национализма, мультикультурализма, политики идентичности и республиканского гражданства. На основе проанализированных концепций сделана попытка определить подход к проблеме нациестроительства в Сингапуре.Ключевые слова: нациестроительство, этнос, нация, национализм, мультикультурализм, политика идентичности, республиканское гражданство, Сингапур.

Kazakhstan, like most of the multi-ethnic post-Soviet states, in the course of state building, faced the problem of rallying the peoples living in the Republic. Two interrelated projects were being implemented on the political agenda of Kazakhstan: the construction of state institutions and the formation of a civil nation. In a multi-ethnic state, the project of a civil nation is difficult due to the attempts of the titular ethnic group to obtain additional advantages, which causes tension in interethnic relations. The identification of the population, often, occurs by ethnicity, therefore, the policy of civic identity in Kazakhstan is opposed to the "Kazakhization" of language, culture, and social practices. Nevertheless, the process of unification of the nation is successfully developing in the Republic, initiated by the political elite of Kazakhstan. Achievement of national unity was declared a strategic priority in the development of the country. The article analyzes the factors affecting collective identity in the Republic of Kazakhstan: demographic diversity, language policy, state symbols. The article concludes that Kazakhstan is building its statehood based on the domination of the Kazakh ethnic elite, while pursuing a policy of uniting different ethnic groups into a single Kazakh nation. ; Казахстан, как и большинство полиэтничных постсоветских государств, в ходе государственного строительства столкнулся с проблемой сплочения народов, проживающих в Республике. В политической повестке Казахстана реализовывались два взаимосвязанных проекта: строительство институтов государства и формирование гражданской нации. В полиэтничном государстве проект гражданской нации затруднен из-за попыток титульного этноса к получению дополнительных преимуществ, что вызывает напряженность в межэтнических отношениях. Идентификация населения, нередко, происходит по этнической принадлежности, поэтому политике гражданской идентичности в Казахстане противопоставляется «казахизация» языка, культуры, социальных практик. Тем не менее, в Республике успешно развивается процесс объединения нации, инициатором которого является политическая элита Казахстана. Стратегическим приоритетом в развитии страны было заявлено достижение национального единства. В статье проанализированы факторы, влияющие на коллективную идентичность в Республике Казахстан: демографическое разнообразие, языковая политика, государственные символы. В статье сделан вывод о том, что Казахстан строит свою государственность, основываясь на доминировании казахской этнической элиты, при этом проводя политику объединения разных этносов в единую казахстанскую нацию.

Building on the latest scholarship in the nationalism-economy nexus studies, the arti cle examines how nationalism inhabits other ideologies in the economic realm. First ly, the article presents the latest strands in the nationalism-economy nexus research, namely compatibility between economy and nationalism understood as ideology. Then, using Foucault's concept of governmentality, the article shows how the two phe nomena are compatible on the theoretical level. Going further, the article connects the latest nationalism-economy nexus scholarship with existing literature on national neoliberalism in the post-socialist Baltic states. The article argues that national neo liberalism in the Baltics provides an example of what the compatibility of nationalism and economy may look like in practice. The Baltic states' Soviet experience encour aged their elites to undertake radical neoliberal reforms, in which the processes of na tion-state and market economy building overlapped. The states were built to create the markets which would in turn guarantee the prosperity of their respective nations. The article juxtaposes different, yet related scholarships and provides a basic theoretical toolkit that could facilitate potential inquiries into the nationalism-economy nexus in Lithuania and a

Building on the latest scholarship in the nationalism-economy nexus studies, the arti cle examines how nationalism inhabits other ideologies in the economic realm. First ly, the article presents the latest strands in the nationalism-economy nexus research, namely compatibility between economy and nationalism understood as ideology. Then, using Foucault's concept of governmentality, the article shows how the two phe nomena are compatible on the theoretical level. Going further, the article connects the latest nationalism-economy nexus scholarship with existing literature on national neoliberalism in the post-socialist Baltic states. The article argues that national neo liberalism in the Baltics provides an example of what the compatibility of nationalism and economy may look like in practice. The Baltic states' Soviet experience encour aged their elites to undertake radical neoliberal reforms, in which the processes of na tion-state and market economy building overlapped. The states were built to create the markets which would in turn guarantee the prosperity of their respective nations. The article juxtaposes different, yet related scholarships and provides a basic theoretical toolkit that could facilitate potential inquiries into the nationalism-economy nexus in Lithuania and a

Building on the latest scholarship in the nationalism-economy nexus studies, the arti cle examines how nationalism inhabits other ideologies in the economic realm. First ly, the article presents the latest strands in the nationalism-economy nexus research, namely compatibility between economy and nationalism understood as ideology. Then, using Foucault's concept of governmentality, the article shows how the two phe nomena are compatible on the theoretical level. Going further, the article connects the latest nationalism-economy nexus scholarship with existing literature on national neoliberalism in the post-socialist Baltic states. The article argues that national neo liberalism in the Baltics provides an example of what the compatibility of nationalism and economy may look like in practice. The Baltic states' Soviet experience encour aged their elites to undertake radical neoliberal reforms, in which the processes of na tion-state and market economy building overlapped. The states were built to create the markets which would in turn guarantee the prosperity of their respective nations. The article juxtaposes different, yet related scholarships and provides a basic theoretical toolkit that could facilitate potential inquiries into the nationalism-economy nexus in Lithuania and a

Building on the latest scholarship in the nationalism-economy nexus studies, the arti cle examines how nationalism inhabits other ideologies in the economic realm. First ly, the article presents the latest strands in the nationalism-economy nexus research, namely compatibility between economy and nationalism understood as ideology. Then, using Foucault's concept of governmentality, the article shows how the two phe nomena are compatible on the theoretical level. Going further, the article connects the latest nationalism-economy nexus scholarship with existing literature on national neoliberalism in the post-socialist Baltic states. The article argues that national neo liberalism in the Baltics provides an example of what the compatibility of nationalism and economy may look like in practice. The Baltic states' Soviet experience encour aged their elites to undertake radical neoliberal reforms, in which the processes of na tion-state and market economy building overlapped. The states were built to create the markets which would in turn guarantee the prosperity of their respective nations. The article juxtaposes different, yet related scholarships and provides a basic theoretical toolkit that could facilitate potential inquiries into the nationalism-economy nexus in Lithuania and a

Acta Slavica Estonica is an international series of publications on current issues of Russian and other Slavic languages, literatures and cultures. This volume is part of the subseries Studia Russica Helsingiensia et Tartuensia, XIV, and unites scholars from Estonia, Finland, Russia, Ukraine, Germany, and Canada who belong to the tradition of the Tartu Lotman school. This collective monograph explores the development of national myth on the basis of a variety of materials from Russian culture, beginning from the Late Middle Ages and finishing with the Soviet epoch. The main part of the study is devoted to the Imperial period — the epoch during which the notion of nation arises. Analyzing the mechanisms used to construct national ideology, the authors especially stress the participation of literature and art in nation building: the role of the press, theatre, writers and their works in their dependence upon historical matters and political conjuncture.

The review analyses one of the most recent works by Serhii Plokhii, a renowned Ukrainian historian. In The Cossack Myth, Plokhii provides a complex analysis of the political and intellectual mechanisms involved in the construction of the Ukrainian nation, which served as a major impetus for the destruction of the Russian Empire in 1917 and the Soviet Union in 1991. Plokhii speculates that the source of the ideas that stimulated these processes was an anonymous essay from the beginning of the 19th century entitled The History of the Rus. According to the author, this work appeared exclusively as a result of how the repressive policies of the Russian government impeded the rights of the Ukrainian Cossacks and the local gentry. The ideas underlying this literary composition seemingly fuelled sentiments of opposition among Ukrainian intellectuals in the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods, and became the basis for the modern ideology of the Ukrainian nation. However, in his search for opposition among Ukrainian elites, the author seems to overlook many bifurcations, discontinuities, and the 'Russian trace' that all took part in the process of Ukrainian nation-building. ; В рецензии дан анализ одной из последних работ Сергея Плохия, известного украинского историка. В «Казацком мифе» Плохий постарался провести комплексный анализ политических и интеллектуальных механизмов строительства украинской нации, послуживших главным толчком к уничтожению Российской империи в 1917 г. и Советского Союза в 1991 г. Плохий доказывает, что интеллектуальным источником, стимулировавшим эти процессы, стало анонимное сочинение начала XIX в. «История русов». По мысли автора, данное сочинение появилось исключительно в результате репрессивной политики российского правительства, направленной против прав украинского казачества и местного дворянства. Заложенные в сочинении идеи подпитывали оппозиционные настроения украинских интеллектуалов дореволюционного и советского периодов, а также стали основной для идеологии современной Украины. В поисках оппозиционности среди украинской элиты Плохий упускает имевшие место развилки и разрывы, а также «русский след» в процессе конструирования украинской нации.

Contrary to the secularist approach, civilizational values including religion still play a significant role in realizing tasks of social and political development. The analysis of such mega-countries as Brazil, India, China and Russia shows why cultural and religious values retain their public value and how they can be applied in the process of modernization and nation-building. ; Вопреки концепциям сторонников секулярной парадигмы, цивилизационные, в т.ч. религиозные ценности остаются востребованными при решении задач общественно-политического развития. Рассматриваемые казусы сверхкрупных стран (Бразилия, Индия, Китай, Россия) показывают, почему культурно-религиозные ценности сохраняют свое публичное значение и как они могут быть востребованы в ходе модернизации и национального строительства.

This article analyzes the socio-political discourse of the religious actors as subjects of the process of the Russian nation building. On the base of the empirical materials of the Xth International Muslim forum the uthor analyzes the variety of the communicative roles of the leaders of the Russian Muftiat in the modern period. The article is concluded by the idea, that the identity referents produced by the Russian Muftiat are important for Russian Muslims and relevant to the strategic approaches of the ruling elite of Russia. ; В статье анализируется общественно-политический дискурс религиозных акторов в качестве субъектов процесса российского нациестроительства. На основе эмпирического материала Х Международного мусульманского форума делается вывод о пересмотре репертуара коммуникативных ролей лидеров российских муфтиятов в Новейшее время. Продуцируемые ими идентификационные референты значимы для российских мусульман и релевантны стратегическим подходам властной элиты России.

As minilateral groupings proliferate, can the UN stay relevant?

Climate change has become a serious challenge for governments throughout the world. Sustainable buildings, which are the subject of this final work, is a response to the reduction in carbon emissions. The master's thesis includes three main parts: the concept of building sustainability, the analysis of facade criteria and the multicriteria study of facades of office buildings. The first part examines relevant scientific publications in order to understand the concept of sustainability of buildings and facades. The second part sets out the concept of sustainable development and the criteria for sustainable facades that determine it. In the third part, based on the research results, the selected facade alternatives are analysed in terms of sustainability, the result of which could be useful for those choosing facade finishing solutions. The work consists of an introduction, three main parts, conclusions and suggestions, references. Thesis consists of: 70 p. text without appendixes, 27 pictures, 25 tables, 78 bibliographical entries. 2 work appendices are attached separately.

Climate change has become a serious challenge for governments throughout the world. Sustainable buildings, which are the subject of this final work, is a response to the reduction in carbon emissions. The master's thesis includes three main parts: the concept of building sustainability, the analysis of facade criteria and the multicriteria study of facades of office buildings. The first part examines relevant scientific publications in order to understand the concept of sustainability of buildings and facades. The second part sets out the concept of sustainable development and the criteria for sustainable facades that determine it. In the third part, based on the research results, the selected facade alternatives are analysed in terms of sustainability, the result of which could be useful for those choosing facade finishing solutions. The work consists of an introduction, three main parts, conclusions and suggestions, references. Thesis consists of: 70 p. text without appendixes, 27 pictures, 25 tables, 78 bibliographical entries. 2 work appendices are attached separately.

The purpose of the research is to define the main features of the cultural transformation of modern Belarusian society. The research methodology is based on the interdisciplinary approach and modern sociological, cultural and anthropological concepts and consists in using of the methods of system analysis for indication of strategic objectives and basic principles of cultural and structural-functional development, which allows viewing culture in its historical, axiological and functional integrity. Scientific novelty is connected with the new understanding of cultural transformation of the modern Belarusian society. The inchoate national identity, lack of support of the Belarusian language, and spiritual crisis hinders the development of the Belarusian national culture and do not resist cultural assimilation and erosion of the nation spiritual foundations. Conclusions. The development of the Belarusian culture depends on the Belarusian identity and statehood. The cultural transformation of the modern Belarusian society is characterized by the following features: the desire of the national elite to preserve the Belarusian cultural paradigm defined by the phenomena of revival, Christian enlightenment, a unique coexistence of the multi-confessional and pagan cultural forms, tolerance, openness and liberal form of thinking; a tragic gap between the creative sphere (intellectual, cultural and creative activities of the national elite) and the sphere of cultural functioning (non Belarusian mass culture, cultural assimilation, and Russification); the crisis in the Belarusian culture, caused by the crisis of the global Christian culture and by the post-Soviet nihilism as well as by low level of the national identity, decreasing of the Belarusian language use; a split of the Belarusian society mainly on the basis of geopolitical orientation and social identity and at the same time growing understanding by authorities of the necessity to strengthen the Belarusian cultural identity as well as their attempts to build a political nation on the basis of the state ideology. ; Цель работы состоит в определении основных особенностей культурной трансформации современного белорусского общества. Методология обусловлена междисциплинарным подходом с опорой на современные социологические, культурологические и антропологические концепции и основывается на использовании научных методов системного анализа для обозначения стратегических целей и базовых принципов культурного развития, а также структурно-функционального, позволяющего рассматривать культуру в ее исторической, аксиологической и функциональной целостности. Научная новизна состоит в расширении представлений о культурной трансформации современного белорусского общества, недооформленное национальное самосознание которого наряду с отсутствием поддержки белорусского языка и духовным кризисом препятствует развитию белорусской национальной культуры, не противостоит процессам культурной ассимиляции и размыванию духовных основ нации. Выводы. Развитие белорусской культуры тесно связано с процессом становления белорусского самосознания и государственности. Культурная трансформация современного белорусского общества характеризуется следующими чертами: стремлением национальной элиты сохранить белорусскую культурную парадигму, определяемую феноменами возрождения, христианского просветительства, уникального сосуществования многоконфессиональности и языческих культурных форм, исторически определивших жанровое богатство и духовную глубину фольклора, толерантностью, открытостью и либеральной формой мышления; трагическим разрывом между сферой творчества (интеллектуальное, культурное творчество и деятельность национальной элиты) и сферой функционирования (небелорусская массовая культура, культурная ассимиляция, русификация); кризисными явлениями в белорусской культуре, вызванными духовным кризисом в глобальной христианской культуре и постсоветским нигилизмом, недостаточно высоким уровнем национальной идентичности общества, сужением сферы употребления белорусского языка и др.; усиливающимся расколом белорусского общества преимущественно по принципу геополитической ориентации и социальной идентификации, одновременно на фоне войны в Украине растущим осторожным пониманием властью необходимости укрепления белорусской культурной самобытности и попытками создания политической нации.