Suchergebnisse

Das Buch ist nach Bekunden des Autors selbst, ein Versuch diese Idee wiederzuerwecken. Dies ist, so wird festgestellt, notwendig, um den gegenwärtigen Zustand der bulgarischen Gesellschaft bzw. Nation zu überwinden, der von Egoismus, Gier, Aggressivität und dem Kult des Geldes bestimmt ist. Allseits fehle es an Bewußtsein für die nationale Gemeinschaft. Gegen diesen allgmeinen Werteverfall wird die nationale Idee gestellt, die als "geistiges Äquivalent zum historischen Ethos einer bestimmten Gemeinschaft" verstanden wird. Verbunden damit sind gemeinsame Ziele und Ideale, die historisch begründet sind, sowie eine "geistige Identität". Ergebnis der Verwirklichung der nationalen Idee sind "Selbsterhaltung" und historische Kontinuität. Die Ideologie des Nationalismus soll Offenheit und Toleranz nicht aussschließen; sie ist klar von Chauvinismus, Faschismus, Fanatismus, Nationalsozialismus u. dgl. abzugrenzen. Ein moderner Nationalismus ist außerdem mit Demokratie vereinbar, da er Ausdruck des Willens eines Volkes ist, seine Angelegenheiten selbständig und frei von fremdem Diktat zu regeln. + Für den Erfolg in ihrem Kampf um nationale Einheit müssen die Bulgaren, so schließt der Autor, aber auch die inneren Widersprüche ihres Charakters überwinden und die Wiederholung alter Fehler vermeiden. Bulgarien wird als von dunklen Mächten bedrohtes Land gesehen, das endlich seine Passivität überwinden muß. Dies sind weitverbreitete Ansichten, die heute wie im Jahre des Erscheinens des Buches in allen Bildungsschichten Bulgariens anzutreffen sind. (SOI-Abr) + Die momentanen Verfallserscheinungen innerhalb der bulgarischen Gesellschaft seien das Ergebnis fremder, "antibulgarischer" Einflüsse. Hierzu zähle auch das "ethnische Syndrom", also die Überbetonung partikularer Identitäten, wie z.B. die muslimische, türkische, makedonische oder die der Zigeuner. Dies sei zurückzuführen auf Bestrebungen der Nachbarstaaten, entsprechende ethnische Gruppen von Bulgarien abzuspalten. Damit verbunden seien Ideologien wie "Pantürkismus" und "Makedonismus"

Informal patient payments are deeply rooted in Central and Eastern European countries. Despite the socio-political changes in the health care sectors after 1990s and the subsequent health care reforms, informal payments for health care services continue to serve patients` and physicians` interests. These payments also fill gaps in health care funding in this European region. Nevertheless, unofficial payments are not a desirable payment channel. They lack transparency and distort the efficiency and equity in health care provision. Still, the successful elimination of these payments will depend on the public attitude towards these payments. This study aims to compare public attitudes towards informal patient payments and payment experience in six Central and Eastern European: Bulgaria, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Ukraine. The data have been collected in 2010 in nation-wide representative surveys using an identical standardized question- naire administrated via face-to-face interviews. We have collected about 1000 questionnaires in each country. The results show that a major group of respondents in each country expresses a negative attitude towards both informal cash payments and in-kind gifts. 208, 187, and 174 respondents paid informally for out-patient service in Ukraine, Romania, and Hungary respectively. We also analyse the relation between public attitudes and respondents` past experience with informal payments, e.g. whether they have paid informally payment for out-patient service used last year. In Bulgaria and Poland, negative attitude is mostly observed among those who have not paid informally. The existence of positive and indifferent attitudes towards informal pay- ments as reported in our study, indicates a challenge for policy makers in Central and Eastern European countries. The acceptance of government initiatives aimed at the elimination of informal payments will largely depend on the governments` ability to create a social resistance towards these payments.

Introduction: Disasters caused by natural phenomena or human activity often occur in Bulgaria. Social and economic consequences of these have a significant adverse effect on its development and economic growth. Given the complexity and scope of disaster situations, it is necessary to unite the efforts of all responsible institutions and actively involve them in activities to limit human, social, economic and natural damage and losses.Aim: To study the current state of the system for protection of the population in emergency situations in Bulgaria.Materials and methods: Descriptive analysis of scientific publications and normative documents concerning the management, organization and mechanisms for protection of the population in emergency situations in Bulgaria have been used.Results: Results of the analysis of key regulatory documents in Bulgaria on the management and organization of the population protection in disaster situations are presented. The main structures and institutions in the Republic of Bulgaria, responsible and related to the protection of the population in disaster situations are indicated.Conclusion: The system of protection of the population in emergency situations in Bulgaria is strictly regulated and synchronized with the European Union policy in this respect. The state policy for protection of the population together with the developed National Programs of the Council of Ministers outline the main directions for the establishment of an effective, resourceful and technically secure national system for prevention, protection and action in disaster situations.

Тематски Зборник Свакодневна култура у постсоцијалистичком периоду настао је као резултат научне сарадње Етнографског института САНУи Етнографског института и музеја БАН. Велике политичке и друштвене промене током деведесетих година 20.века озбиљно су се одразиле на свакодневну културу балканских земаља. Управо у периоду кризе, две суседне етнолошке установе, бугарска и српска, које више деценија током социјалисатичког периода нису сарађивале, отпочеле су заједнички рад на истраживању свакодневне културе. Зборник показује у ком правацу су се одвијали културни процеси у Србији и Бугарској, које су сличности и разлике међу њима, али и шта се дешава у постсоцијалистичком периоду у појединим сегментима свакодневне култура Словака, Руса и Македонаца. ; The Collection of Papers entitled ―Everyday Culture in post-socialist period is a result of collaboration between the Institute of Ethnography, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, and the Institute of Ethnography and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. The enormous political and social changes during the 1990's influenced also everyday culture of the Balkans states. After decades of hinder, and precisely in the period of crisis, two neighboring ethnological institutions, the Bulgarian and Serbian, started to cooperate together in the study of everyday culture.The Collection of Papers demonstrates the directions of the cultural processes in Serbia and Bulgaria, accentuating the differences and similarities among the two states, and also explains the deeds within certain segments of everyday cultures of Slovaks, Russians and Macedonians. ; Зборник радова Етнографског института САНУ 22 / Collection of Papers of the Institute of Ethnography SASA 22