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International audience ; The advent of a global economy, which attempts to escape state regulation, requires, according to Habermas, a paradigm shift in institutional terms. The nation-state was able to objectify in a new way the ―correctable‖ nature of social inequalities. However, a nation-state whose fundamental structure evolves into a post-national state could take the risk of exposing itself to a deficit of political legitimacy, and ―democratic trust‖. Thus resulting in an inability of nation-states, the only possibility is to diagnose the restriction of their freedom of maneuver, a fortiori before the establishment of a post-national structure. Within this context, the evolution of the nation-state seems to lead to a political crisis which implies powerlessness. 1. Jürgen Habermas – «Transformation post-nationale et avenir de la démocratie » La perspective du dépassement du cadre national en Europe au profit d'une fédération d'États démocratiques – qui soit à même de ―civilizer‖ la mondialisation et de conjurer une éventuelle recrudescence des particularismes nationaux – a remis à l'ordre du jour la question de la légitimité démocratique au sein de cette nouvelle constellation post-nationale. L'avènement d'une économie mondiale, échappant aux tentatives de régulation étatiques appelle en effet, selon Habermas, un changement de paradigme sur le plan institutionnel. L'État-nation a pu objectiver de façon inédite le caractère «corrigible» (Habermas [1998] 2000: 44) des inégalités sociales. Or, un État-nation, dont la structure fondamentale évolue en Etat post-national, pourrait prendre le risque de s'exposer à un déficit de légitimité politique, et de «confiance démocratique» 1. Entraînant ainsi une incapacité des États-nations, ne fût-ce qu'à diagnostiquer la restriction de leur marge de manoeuvre, a fortiori devant la constitution d'une structure 1 «Si la souveraineté de l'État n'est plus conçue comme indivisible, mais partagée avec des acteurs internationaux ; si les États n'ont plus le contrôle de leurs ...

International audience ; The advent of a global economy, which attempts to escape state regulation, requires, according to Habermas, a paradigm shift in institutional terms. The nation-state was able to objectify in a new way the ―correctable‖ nature of social inequalities. However, a nation-state whose fundamental structure evolves into a post-national state could take the risk of exposing itself to a deficit of political legitimacy, and ―democratic trust‖. Thus resulting in an inability of nation-states, the only possibility is to diagnose the restriction of their freedom of maneuver, a fortiori before the establishment of a post-national structure. Within this context, the evolution of the nation-state seems to lead to a political crisis which implies powerlessness. 1. Jürgen Habermas – «Transformation post-nationale et avenir de la démocratie » La perspective du dépassement du cadre national en Europe au profit d'une fédération d'États démocratiques – qui soit à même de ―civilizer‖ la mondialisation et de conjurer une éventuelle recrudescence des particularismes nationaux – a remis à l'ordre du jour la question de la légitimité démocratique au sein de cette nouvelle constellation post-nationale. L'avènement d'une économie mondiale, échappant aux tentatives de régulation étatiques appelle en effet, selon Habermas, un changement de paradigme sur le plan institutionnel. L'État-nation a pu objectiver de façon inédite le caractère «corrigible» (Habermas [1998] 2000: 44) des inégalités sociales. Or, un État-nation, dont la structure fondamentale évolue en Etat post-national, pourrait prendre le risque de s'exposer à un déficit de légitimité politique, et de «confiance démocratique» 1. Entraînant ainsi une incapacité des États-nations, ne fût-ce qu'à diagnostiquer la restriction de leur marge de manoeuvre, a fortiori devant la constitution d'une structure 1 «Si la souveraineté de l'État n'est plus conçue comme indivisible, mais partagée avec des acteurs internationaux ; si les États n'ont plus le contrôle de leurs ...

The advent of a global economy, which attempts to escape state regulation, requires, according to Habermas, a paradigm shift in institutional terms. The Nation-State was able to object in a new way the corrective nature of social inequalities. However, a Nation-State whose fundamental structure Evolves into a post-national state could take the risk of exposing itself to a deficit of political legitimacy, and democratic trust. This results in an inability of nation-states, the only possibility is to diagnose the restriction of their freedom of maneuver, a fortiori before the establishment of a post-national structure. Within this context, the evolution of the Nation-State seems to lead to a political crisis which implies powerlessness. 1. Jürgen Habermas — "Post-national transformation and future of democracy" The prospect of moving beyond the national framework in Europe towards a federation of democratic states — capable of civic globalisation and a possible upsurge in national particularisms — has put back on the agenda the question of democratic legitimacy within this new post-national constellation. The advent of a global economy, escaping attempts to regulate the state, calls, according to Habermas, for a paradigm shift at institutional level. The nation state has been able to make the 'correctibility' objective unprecedented (Habermas [1998] 2000: 44) social inequalities. However, a nation state, whose fundamental structure is changing into a post-national state, could take the risk of being exposed to a lack of political legitimacy and 'democratic trust' 1. This leads to the inability of nation states, even if only to diagnose the restriction of their room for manoeuvre, especially in the context of the creation of a structure 1 "If the sovereignty of the state is no longer conceived as indivisible but shared with international actors; States no longer have control over their own territories; and while territorial and political borders are increasingly permeable, the central principles of liberal ...

This article aims to reveal the role of political power in the construction of collective identity through the collective memory. Three aspects is seeking to "hook" in the theoretical level: the determined trends of globalised current time, the national state as a homogeneous "imagined" community and cultural heritage as a historical reality and factor of joining together communities. The analysis uncovers that globalization is a dualistic phenomena. The tendencies could be marked under living conditions today: the ontological anxiety of society, a collective identity crisis, the legal and actual threats to the sovereignty, which may retain the nation state. Nationalism, as the ideological force homogenizing state and society, is strongly actualizing and becomes a "headache" not only for communities but also for the political authorities, who can't stay away from declaring liberal laissez-faire principle, but must choose one from David Brown's proposed nationalism strategies of society's consolidation: ethno-cultural, civic or multicultural. Cultural heritage expressing a symbolic link to the legacy of previous generations must now become not only culturally, but also political and economic resource to the communities and politicians to create the basis for the stability of society and the state. The role of cultural heritage in the international political economy, development of public image models and developing positive relationships with neighbors in the historical context is very relevant today. Reinterpretation of cultural heritage dissonances in academic and public discourses should help to reconstruct the historical oblivion and construct the new formulas of collective identity in the second millennium of Lithuania.

This article aims to reveal the role of political power in the construction of collective identity through the collective memory. Three aspects is seeking to "hook" in the theoretical level: the determined trends of globalised current time, the national state as a homogeneous "imagined" community and cultural heritage as a historical reality and factor of joining together communities. The analysis uncovers that globalization is a dualistic phenomena. The tendencies could be marked under living conditions today: the ontological anxiety of society, a collective identity crisis, the legal and actual threats to the sovereignty, which may retain the nation state. Nationalism, as the ideological force homogenizing state and society, is strongly actualizing and becomes a "headache" not only for communities but also for the political authorities, who can't stay away from declaring liberal laissez-faire principle, but must choose one from David Brown's proposed nationalism strategies of society's consolidation: ethno-cultural, civic or multicultural. Cultural heritage expressing a symbolic link to the legacy of previous generations must now become not only culturally, but also political and economic resource to the communities and politicians to create the basis for the stability of society and the state. The role of cultural heritage in the international political economy, development of public image models and developing positive relationships with neighbors in the historical context is very relevant today. Reinterpretation of cultural heritage dissonances in academic and public discourses should help to reconstruct the historical oblivion and construct the new formulas of collective identity in the second millennium of Lithuania.

This article aims to reveal the role of political power in the construction of collective identity through the collective memory. Three aspects is seeking to "hook" in the theoretical level: the determined trends of globalised current time, the national state as a homogeneous "imagined" community and cultural heritage as a historical reality and factor of joining together communities. The analysis uncovers that globalization is a dualistic phenomena. The tendencies could be marked under living conditions today: the ontological anxiety of society, a collective identity crisis, the legal and actual threats to the sovereignty, which may retain the nation state. Nationalism, as the ideological force homogenizing state and society, is strongly actualizing and becomes a "headache" not only for communities but also for the political authorities, who can't stay away from declaring liberal laissez-faire principle, but must choose one from David Brown's proposed nationalism strategies of society's consolidation: ethno-cultural, civic or multicultural. Cultural heritage expressing a symbolic link to the legacy of previous generations must now become not only culturally, but also political and economic resource to the communities and politicians to create the basis for the stability of society and the state. The role of cultural heritage in the international political economy, development of public image models and developing positive relationships with neighbors in the historical context is very relevant today. Reinterpretation of cultural heritage dissonances in academic and public discourses should help to reconstruct the historical oblivion and construct the new formulas of collective identity in the second millennium of Lithuania.

This article aims to reveal the role of political power in the construction of collective identity through the collective memory. Three aspects is seeking to "hook" in the theoretical level: the determined trends of globalised current time, the national state as a homogeneous "imagined" community and cultural heritage as a historical reality and factor of joining together communities. The analysis uncovers that globalization is a dualistic phenomena. The tendencies could be marked under living conditions today: the ontological anxiety of society, a collective identity crisis, the legal and actual threats to the sovereignty, which may retain the nation state. Nationalism, as the ideological force homogenizing state and society, is strongly actualizing and becomes a "headache" not only for communities but also for the political authorities, who can't stay away from declaring liberal laissez-faire principle, but must choose one from David Brown's proposed nationalism strategies of society's consolidation: ethno-cultural, civic or multicultural. Cultural heritage expressing a symbolic link to the legacy of previous generations must now become not only culturally, but also political and economic resource to the communities and politicians to create the basis for the stability of society and the state. The role of cultural heritage in the international political economy, development of public image models and developing positive relationships with neighbors in the historical context is very relevant today. Reinterpretation of cultural heritage dissonances in academic and public discourses should help to reconstruct the historical oblivion and construct the new formulas of collective identity in the second millennium of Lithuania.

Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia are nation-states that have all of the essential attributes of modern statehood. At first they had established themselves as ethnocultural nation-states, later lost their independence and then reemerged straight into the world which was hardly influenced by globalization and regional integration. The principle of "one nation, one language, one culture, one state" was already ideologically obsolete in modern discourse, however this was the basic principle on which the Baltic States were created. The nation-state in this thesis will be understood not only as territorial-political entity, but also as a social actor which puts efforts in political community building and reproducing it. In order to achieve these goals nation-state uses various institutional mechanisms; invokes legal remedies and arguments of inward values. Constructivist approach can help to investigate the processes of political community building in the Baltic States and to identify substantial fields of politics that determine the perception of political community. This also allows comparing them in a broader perspective – with "ideal types" of nation-state that appeared in the West. History, language and citizenship – these are the attributes that provide the political communities of the Baltic States with content and form; therefore the comparison of the policies towards those attributes indicates differences which determine different models of political community-shaping in the Baltic States. Latvian and Estonian models resemble the "German" type of nation-state, while Lithuanian model seems to go through the transformation – recedes from historically closest "German" model and approaches "French" type of nation-state. Such tendencies are determined by cultural experiences, ethnic composition and by giving importance to a particular historical heritage.