Suchergebnisse

Problem setting. Modern science of public administration forms a theoretical basis for the study of national development and state-building processes. The urgency of the search for theoretical and methodological foundations of state linguistic policy in Ukraine is caused by unstable state linguistic policy both during the whole period of independence and in the historical perspective, by the unacceptable part of Ukrainian society of Ukrainian as a single state, by the non-formation of Ukrainian national identity for the use of language. society, in the hybrid war against Ukraine, which is no longer a potential but a real threat to Ukraine's existence as a state.In the normative legal acts of Ukraine, in particular in the Constitution of Ukraine, such a term as "Ukrainian nation" is not defined, although it is used together with the term "Ukrainian people", within which "citizens of Ukraine of all nationalities" are united. The researcher notes that at the time the Basic Law was enacted, the term "nation" contained mostly ethnic content (at least such a stereotype prevailed and, apparently, prevails in the mass consciousness), the concept of "nation" did not relate to the concept of citizenship. In this sense, the "Ukrainian nation" is primarily an ethno-cultural, linguistic community.Recent research and publications analysis. In scientific discourse, the nation in various contexts has been the subject of attention of researchers in various fields of science, including public administration, namely: B. Anderson, H. Yevsyeieva, V. Karlova, G. Kasianov, M. Kozlovets, I. Kresina, Yu. Kuts, I. Lopushinsky, L. Nagornaya, S. Rymarenko, O. Ryabchenko, V. Sychova, V. Starosolsky, M. Stepykо and others.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. Despite the available research on theories of the nation, as well as the role of the linguistic factor of national genesis, there has been no study of the science of public administration of theories of the nation as a methodological basis of state language policy in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to hypothesize that the theoretical foundations of nation-building are the methodological basis of the state language policy of Ukraine at the present stage of state formation, since language is one of the defining features of Ukrainian national identity and factors of creation of the Ukrainian nation under conditions of multiethnic society and external threats to the nation.Paper main body. There is neither a universal definition of a nation nor a stable set of features.Having analyzed the various theories of the nation, we conclude that such a set may consist of linguistic, cultural, territorial, economic, social, psychological and political characteristics, and none of them can be dominant in this list.Three constituents of the nation, which stand out in the theories of the nation and are decisive for the Ukrainian nation, are considered in the context of the chosen direction of research: the national linguistic picture of the world, national identity, national identity.Noteworthy is the scientific approach whereby language is recognized as a feature of the nation based on the study of the linguistic picture of the world as a sociocultural phenomenon that reflects a conceptual picture of the world.Each language reflects a particular way of perceiving and conceptualizing the world. The values reflected in it create a coherent system of views, a kind of collective outlook that becomes mandatory for all native speakers.The next constituent of the nation, we define the national consciousness. national consciousness means the collective or individual perception of the national identity of a person or community, the specific traits of one's own nation, national values, a shared historical past and a shared historical future.National consciousness is historically formed in the process of nationalization, through awareness of the ethnicity of its origin and organic connection with its cultural roots, recognition of the original character of the native culture, language, national peculiarities, mentality and sense of national solidarity.The next constituent of the nation that underlies its formation is national identity. We can give the following definition of national identity: it is the identification of oneself with a certain nation by the set of certain characteristics of a nation, the realization of oneself as part of the national community.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. In spite of the methodological pluralism of the theories of the nation, the ambiguous interpretation of the concept of the nation and the instability of its features in many theories, language is regarded as a marker of national identity, a "symbol of social solidarity" (E. Sapir), a means of "transforming disparate individuals into a coherent, organized" Sorokin), "an external criterion by which one can know the existence of a nation" (V. Starosolsky), and others.Although language itself does not play a decisive role in the formation of a nation and national identity, it becomes meaningful when it is transformed into symbolic value and fulfills an integrative role.As constituents of the nation, the article deals with the national-linguistic picture of the world, national consciousness, national identity.The conducted research proves that belonging to a certain nation (national identity) is manifested in the national consciousness, which is formed, including through thinking and language, and is reflected in the national-linguistic picture of the world. In turn, the national-linguistic picture of the world reflects the peculiarities of the conceptual picture of the world of a social community united by certain factors (eg, territory, economy, history and/or modernity, language or metam, etc.).We believe that the process of forming the Ukrainian nation in the modern era was interrupted by a policy of "Sovietization", the creation of a new community, the "Soviet people", linguistic assimilation, and the simultaneous destruction in the 1930s of the Ukrainian intelligentsia and the Ukrainian peasantry as carriers of Ukrainian identity. The consequences of these political actions are still felt by Ukraine today, and it is too early to speak about the established national identity in Ukraine.Researchers agree that the core of the Ukrainian political nation is the ethnic core, whose constituent is language, and Ukraine bears the name of its titular nation and the largest of its indigenous ethnic groups – Ukrainian. This fact should be the starting point of nation-building and state-building and, accordingly, of state language policy, which is based on the model of "state Ukrainian language – languages of national minorities and indigenous peoples", which is in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine. ; Досліджено теорії нації та виділено ті теорії, які можуть бути визначені як методологічна засада формування державної мовної політики в Україні. Для розгляду обрано такі конституєнти нації, як національномовна картина світу, національна свідомість, національна ідентичність. З'ясовано, що основою української політичної нації є етнічне ядро, складовою якого є мова, а Україна носить ім'я своєї титульної нації й найчисленнішого зі своїх корінних етносів – українського. Зазначено, що цей факт повинен бути основою державної мовної політики в Україні.

The article presents the analysis of philosophical ideas Jacques Maritain, which gives special meaning to the concept of «nation», «state» and «civil society». The main purpose of the article is the consideration of the problem of man, the nation, the state and civil society taking into account the work of the famous French philosopher. Political society requires the highest ruling organ of the state. The main goal of any government should be fairness within the territorial limits of this state, but not devoid of political control of society, through the internal structure of this society – the people. The state acts as the authority that is given the right to use power and coercion, but the state exists for the people. The people is a large number of human individuals who have teamed up with fair laws, in mutual friendship and in the name of the greater good of their human existence, constitute a political society. The state is a part of political society, both interested in keeping the law, maintaining the General welfare and public order, as well as manage public Affairs. The state is represented as a set of different institutions that are connected like clockwork. But the state, as well as the people and civil society do not have sovereignty rights and duties, and the only one who has this sovereignty is God.

Analyzes the nature of the category of "national interest" in terms of political science. The author substantiates the position that the basis of national interest is the preservation and strengthening of national sovereignty. National interests should serve as a synthesis, not a mechanical sum of private and corporate interests. The realization of national interests is due to the different institutions of the political system, namely the state, political parties, civic organizations, church. But because the state is the most sovereign institution and it is the main mechanism of realization of national interests. ; Анализируется сущность категории «национальный интерес» с точки зрения политической науки. Автор обосновывает положение о том, что в основе национального интереса лежит сохранение и укрепление национального суверенитета. Национальные интересы должны выступать как синтез, а не механическая сумма частных и корпоративных интересов. Реализация национальных интересов происходит через различные институты политической системы, а именно: государство, политические партии, общественные организации, церковь. Но, поскольку государство является наиболее суверенным институтом, то оно является и основным механизмом реализации национальных интересов. ; Аналізується сутність категорії «національний інтерес» із точки зору політичної науки. Автор обгрунтовує положення про те, що в основі національного інтересу лежить збереження і зміцнення національного суверенітету. Національні інтереси мають виступати як синтез, а не механічна сума приватних і корпоративних інтересів. Реалізація національних інтересів відбувається через різні інститути політичної системи, а саме: державу, політичні партії, громадські організації, церкву. Але, оскільки держава є найбільш суверенним інститутом, то вона є і основним механізмом реалізації національних інтересів.

Analyzes the nature of the category of "national interest" in terms of political science. The author substantiates the position that the basis of national interest is the preservation and strengthening of national sovereignty. National interests should serve as a synthesis, not a mechanical sum of private and corporate interests. The realization of national interests is due to the different institutions of the political system, namely the state, political parties, civic organizations, church. But because the state is the most sovereign institution and it is the main mechanism of realization of national interests. ; Анализируется сущность категории «национальный интерес» с точки зрения политической науки. Автор обосновывает положение о том, что в основе национального интереса лежит сохранение и укрепление национального суверенитета. Национальные интересы должны выступать как синтез, а не механическая сумма частных и корпоративных интересов. Реализация национальных интересов происходит через различные институты политической системы, а именно: государство, политические партии, общественные организации, церковь. Но, поскольку государство является наиболее суверенным институтом, то оно является и основным механизмом реализации национальных интересов. ; Аналізується сутність категорії «національний інтерес» із точки зору політичної науки. Автор обгрунтовує положення про те, що в основі національного інтересу лежить збереження і зміцнення національного суверенітету. Національні інтереси мають виступати як синтез, а не механічна сума приватних і корпоративних інтересів. Реалізація національних інтересів відбувається через різні інститути політичної системи, а саме: державу, політичні партії, громадські організації, церкву. Але, оскільки держава є найбільш суверенним інститутом, то вона є і основним механізмом реалізації національних інтересів.

The article deals with the interconnection of formation of Ukrainian language as the state language and its role in shaping the political nation in Ukraine. It is proved that language policy can be an effective rallying point only if it reflects the diversity of language spectrum and have a clear regulatory legislative acts and solving existing problems, the problem of choosing the state language is most characteristic for countries that gained independence. Requirements of language policy is to define the scope of its distribution. ; Рассмотрено взаимосвязь становления украинского языка как государственного и его роль в формировании политической нации в Украине. Доказано, что языковая политика может стать эффективным объединяющим фактором только тогда, когда она будет отражать разнообразие языкового спектра и иметь четкие нормативно-законодательные акты и решения существующих проблем, вопрос о выборе государственного языка наиболее характернен для стран, получивших независимость. Требования языковой политики заключаются в определении сфер ее распространения. ; Розглянуто взаємозв'язок становлення української мови як державної та її роль у формуванні політичної нації в Україні. Доведено, що мовна політика може стати ефективним об'єднувальним фактором лише тоді, коли вона відбиватиме розмаїття мовного спектру та матиме чіткі нормативно-законодавчі акти і вирішення існуючих проблем; питання про вибір державної мови є найбільш характерним для країн, які здобули незалежність. Вимоги мовної політики полягають у визначенні сфер її поширення.

The relevance of the topic arises from the need to research the information component of the UN peacekeeping operations, being an important tool for achieving its goals in the area of peace and security. The objective of the study is to analyze the information support for the UN peacekeeping operations. The methodological basis of the research is general scientific research principles. Researching the information mechanisms of the UN system, systematic and analytical methods were used with their inherent analysis and synthesis. The historical approach made it possible to trace the evolution of the UN activities in the field of the information support for peacekeeping. The comprehensive use of various methods allowed the creation of a modern picture of the information support for the UN peacekeeping operations. Over the past decade, the UN has repeatedly failed to effectively resolve the conflict, and today its potential has not been improved in this area yet. Negative results in many cases were the consequence of the fact that the facilities available to the Organization did not meet the requirements.

The article deals with the interconnection of formation of Ukrainian language as the state language and its role in shaping the political nation in Ukraine. It is proved that language policy can be an effective rallying point only if it reflects the diversity of language spectrum and have a clear regulatory legislative acts and solving existing problems, the problem of choosing the state language is most characteristic for countries that gained independence. Requirements of language policy is to define the scope of its distribution. ; Рассмотрено взаимосвязь становления украинского языка как государственного и его роль в формировании политической нации в Украине. Доказано, что языковая политика может стать эффективным объединяющим фактором только тогда, когда она будет отражать разнообразие языкового спектра и иметь четкие нормативно-законодательные акты и решения существующих проблем, вопрос о выборе государственного языка наиболее характернен для стран, получивших независимость. Требования языковой политики заключаются в определении сфер ее распространения. ; Розглянуто взаємозв'язок становлення української мови як державної та її роль у формуванні політичної нації в Україні. Доведено, що мовна політика може стати ефективним об'єднувальним фактором лише тоді, коли вона відбиватиме розмаїття мовного спектру та матиме чіткі нормативно-законодавчі акти і вирішення існуючих проблем; питання про вибір державної мови є найбільш характерним для країн, які здобули незалежність. Вимоги мовної політики полягають у визначенні сфер її поширення.

Introduction. The article analyzes the socio-cultural environment of European countries in the context of the crisis of multiculturalism and migration processes. Emphasis is placed on defining strategies for overcoming the crisis of multiculturalism in European countries. Emphasis is placed on the need to further search for acceptable models of European multicultural practices. The aim of the studyis to identify the features and ways to solve the current multicultural crisis in Europe. The tasks of the studyare to determine the causes of the multicultural conflicts, the prospects for optimizing intercultural relations, the nature of European migration policyand ways of overcoming the multicultural crisis. Research methodology is a civilizational approach, the principle of objectivity, analysis, and synthesis methods. Research results. The study compares the approaches to the implementation of multicultural policy in Europe and the United States. The specifics and features of the current state of the multicultural space of European states are researched. Prospects for the development of multicultural policy in European countries are determined. The influence of the cultural, economic components and migration aspect in the formation of cultural diversity in the EU is indicated. Discussion. It is indicated that it takes time to sufficiently note the success or failure of the process of resolving the migration crisis and establishing intercultural relations in the context of cultural diversity. Соnclusion. States that the existing cultural diversity in European countries requires effective steps to promote constructive intercultural dialogues, especially on the most pressing issues, namely the interaction of local cultures within foreign cultures. In such a situation, further support for cultural diversity has priority for the sustainable formation of European multiculturalism in future, otherwise socio-cultural conflicts cannot be avoided. ; У статті здійснюється аналіз соціального середовища європейських держав в ...

Магістерська робота присвячена міжнародному контексту створення Польської держави в період 1918-1921 років. Предметом дослідження визначено формування кордонів незалежної Польщі та вплив цих подій на загальноєвропейські політичні процеси. В процесі дослідження ми дійшли висновку, що саме конфліктні ситуації, пов'язані з проблемою кордонів національних держав перешкодили створенню загальноєвропейської системи колективної безпеки ; The master's thesis is devoted to the international context of the creation of the Polish state in the period 1918-1921. The subject of the study is the formation of the borders of independent Poland and the impact of these events on European political processes. In the course of the research we came to the conclusion that it was the conflict situations related to the problem of the borders of nation states that prevented the creation of a pan-European system of collective security.

В статті розглянуто проблеми формування древньогрецької політичної нації. Звернено увагу на витоки і сутнісні риси при формуванні нації. Проаналізовані історичні приклади формування еллінської політичної нації. ; In the article the problems of the ancient Greek political nation formation have been considered. It has been given the special attention to the origins and essential features during the nation formation. The historical examples of the Hellenic Political Nation formation have been analyzed.

The idea of "backward nation" was introduced by H. Plessner and represented in the title of his well known book. It was use for characteristic of pathology of political process, inherent in pre-war Germany in difference to its neighbors. A characteristic feature of "the history of German spirit" was the absence of the steady tradition of national statehood on the basis of political humanism, which is inherent in the legal principles of the institutional life of the society. Simultaneously, the stable orientation the national-state organization of the social life had been formed in the West-European countries in the 16–17th centuries, small German principalities dreamt of uniting into the renewed variant of the Holy Empire of the German nation. The illusions which concerned uniting the ideas of empire and national state continued existing in Germany of the time of Bismarck and were strengthened after the defeat in the World War I, when the accent was made on the national empire, its great-power attempt. Mystification of greatness of the nation, its language, rites and culture is inscribed in such orientation. The tragic consequences of realization of such orientation are generally known. Russia, its social consciousness, in its own way, also suffers from the longing for being simultaneously the national state and empire. The disposition towards the great-statehood, inherited from Mongols, dominates in Russian mentality. The absence of traditions of institutional self-organization of the society on the legal principles determines the anti-western frame of mind, then hampers the potentialities of political modernization of society, makes it one more variant of the backward nation. ; ***

The article reflects the main processes of building during the development of the Ukrainian state of Hetman P. Skoropadsky. P. Skoropadsky's views on the Ukrainian nation, the Ukrainian state and its form, the relationship of the then political and national forces, the place of Ukraine in the geopolitical space of that time, the main directions and content of the state process, its achievements and miscalculations are analyzed. The views of P. Skoropadsky on the content of the state process in Ukraine in 1918 are analyzed. First of all, on the form of the Ukrainian state - independent or federal. We are talking about the form of government of the Ukrainian state and its political regime. Internal and external factors that influenced this are analyzed. The content of the main directions of activity of the hetman government is investigated both inside the state (central and local government, judicial system, armed forces, agrarian policy, social and cultural construction) and outside (international recognition, establishment of diplomatic relations). It is concluded that the emergence of the Ukrainian state of Hetman P. Skoropadsky was a continuation of the process of creation during the Ukrainian revolution of 1917–1921. This process took place in difficult conditions of the First World War and this circumstance determined the peculiar form of the Ukrainian state and its activities, sometimes they were contradictory and had disagreements with the ideals of the state, which ultimately led to the decline of the Ukrainian state.

У статті уточнено статус та зміст понять "нація", "етнос", "національна держава", "держава-нація", "політична нація", "етнонаціоналізація політики", "етнонаціоналізація релігії" в контексті взаємодії релігії й політики в етнонаціональному процесі. Встановлено взаємозв'язок та ієрархія зазначених понять, які мають стати головними структурно-функціональними факторами формування політичної нації в Україні. ; The article clarified the status and content of the concepts of "nation", "ethnicity", "nation-state", "state-nation", "political nation", "etnonatsionalization of policy", "etnonatsionalization of religion" in the context of the interaction of religion and policy in the ethno-national process. The relationship and hierarchy of these concepts, which should be the main structural-functional factors of the formation of political nation in Ukraine is established.

At present, besides confessional states, assuming the existence of one official religion, there are some secular states been characterized by the Church separation from the state and the state – from the Church. The secular states assume a Church – State relations system based on the division to be commonly identified with the principles of the Church from the state separation. The subject of the article is an analysis of the secular states system. The main methods of the research are the comparison and analysis. Within the secular state system there are two elements to be identified: positive and negative. For the states of the Central and Eastern Europe, the moderate secular state model is an inherent one. It has appeared as a result of totalitarianism been transformed into democracy. The secular state guarantees equality of all churches and relations within its borders. There is no single universal model of the secular state. The secular state system has two variants: a radical separation of the Church from the state or autonomy and cooperation between them. Among secular states with a moderate version, one can point Germany, Italy, Spain, Slovakia, Lithuania, Poland.

The framing of a common European ilentethnity of EU countries is analyzed in the article. The attention is focused on the factors that led to the desire of Eastern Europe to join the European project. The dangers of joining Ukraine to the EU as a country that is not formed their own nation-state identity and role of media in strengthening of national and state identity are discussed in the article. ; The framing of a common European ilentethnity of EU countries is analyzed in the article. The attention is focused on the factors that led to the desire of Eastern Europe to join the European project. The dangers of joining Ukraine to the EU as a country that is not formed their own nation-state identity and role of media in strengthening of national and state identity are discussed in the article.