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Constellations of State Fragility provides an empirical typology of states from a fragility perspective. It uses global data from 2005-2013 to identify typical constellations of state fragility. State fragility is defined as deficiencies in one or more of three core functions of the state. These functions include state authority, state capacity and state legitimacy. Authority refers to the state's ability to control violence. Capacity refers to the state's ability to provide basic public services. Legitimacy refers to the state's ability to obtain the population's consent to the state's claim to rule.
Constellations of State Fragility is a unique tool which uses advanced statistical methodology to identify typical constellations of state fragility in the world. Our methodology allows us to distinguish core problems underlying state fragility where additive indices produce identical values. Furthermore, we are able to describe how certain we are about any classification. Simply use the probability view mode of the world map or individual country pages to assess how likely a state is a member of e.g. the low-capacity constellation.

The PEPP statistic was first conducted in 2018. In addition to the DRG Statistic it includes all treatments in psychiatric and psychosomatic hospitals according to § 17d (1) of the Act on the Economic Security of Hospitals and the Regulation of Hospital Nursing Rates (Krankenhausfinanzierungsgesetz - KHG). It considers all specialised hospitals as well as autonomous, specialist-led departments of somatic hospitals for the specialist departments psychiatry and psychosomatics, children- and youth psychiatry and psychotherapy as well as psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy. Starting 01 January 2018, all hospitals are obligated to apply the new PEPP system. The PEPP statistic complements and extends the informational range of the customary official hospital data with nuanced results on the stationary care in psychiatric and psychosomatic hospitals.
The PEPP statistic is a secondary statistic. The data is not collected by the Statistical Offices of the Federation and the Federal States but by the Institute for the Remuneration System in Hospitals (InEK). The data of the PEPP statistic is taken from the datasets that the hospitals are sending to InEK for accounting purposes. The InEK then transmits a legally exactly defined variable selection of this extensive structure and performance data to the Federal Statistical Office.

The PEPP statistic was first conducted in 2018. In addition to the DRG Statistic it includes all treatments in psychiatric and psychosomatic hospitals according to § 17d (1) of the Act on the Economic Security of Hospitals and the Regulation of Hospital Nursing Rates (Krankenhausfinanzierungsgesetz - KHG). It considers all specialised hospitals as well as autonomous, specialist-led departments of somatic hospitals for the specialist departments psychiatry and psychosomatics, children- and youth psychiatry and psychotherapy as well as psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy. Starting 01 January 2018, all hospitals are obligated to apply the new PEPP system. The PEPP statistic complements and extends the informational range of the customary official hospital data with nuanced results on the stationary care in psychiatric and psychosomatic hospitals.
The PEPP statistic is a secondary statistic. The data is not collected by the Statistical Offices of the Federation and the Federal States but by the Institute for the Remuneration System in Hospitals (InEK). The data of the PEPP statistic is taken from the datasets that the hospitals are sending to InEK for accounting purposes. The InEK then transmits a legally exactly defined variable selection of this extensive structure and performance data to the Federal Statistical Office.

The microcensus is an official statistical survey which is carried out annually since 1957 using a representative sample of one percent of the German population and households. In total, about 370,000 households with 810,000 household members participate in the survey. Being designed as a multiple-subject survey, the microcensus provides important statistical information on the population structure, on the economic and social situation of the population, families and households, on the employment market, on the occupational outline and the training of the workforce and on living conditions.
There is an obligation to provide information for the majority of questions.
Given its broad range of variables and its large sample size, the microcensus forms an appropriate data base to analyse small subpopulations, such as single migrant or occupational groups. Detailed regional analyses, for example with regard to life chances of different social groups, increasingly gain significance in scientific research. Results of regional analyses can, for example, be displayed on the level of regional adjustment shifts - regional units of 500,000 inhabitants on average. Furthermore and in addition to cross-sectional analyses, the high continuity of the survey design allows for analyses over time (trend analyses), by which historical developments can be revealed. Being designed as a rotating panel, some survey years of the microcensus can also be used for panel analyses. The microcensus is also suitable for comparisons in an international context as various subjects are adapted to international standards (e.g. the labour force concept).
Characterized by its large sampling size, its variety of subjects and temporal continuity, the microcensus constitutes an important data source for the social sciences.

The microcensus is an official statistical survey which is carried out annually since 1957 using a representative sample of one percent of the German population and households. In total, about 380,000 households and 820,000 household members participate in the survey. Being designed as a multi-subject survey, the microcensus provides major statistical information about the population structure (including detailed information about migration backgrounds), the framework of families and households as well as employment, income, education and vocational training.
For the majority of questions there is an obligation to provide information. Additionally, a set of questions is subject to voluntary response, including information about subjects such as health, health insurance, housing situation or retirement provisions. The supplementary program is repeated at four-year intervals.
Given its broad range of variables and its large sample size, the microcensus forms an appropriate data base to analyse small subpopulations, as for example single migrant and occupational groups. Detailed regional analyses increasingly gain significance in scientific research, for example with regard to life chances of different social groups. Results of regional analyses can e.g. be displayed on the level of regional adjustment shifts - regional units of on average 500,000 inhabitants. Furthermore, the high continuity of the survey design allows for (cross-sectional) analyses over time, by which historical developments can be revealed. Being designed as a rotating panel, the microcensus can as well be used for longitudinal analyses. Finally, the microcensus is also suitable for comparisons in an international context since various subjects are adapted to international standards (e.g. the labour force concept).
Characterized by its large sampling fraction, a variety of subjects and temporal continuity, the microcensus constitutes an important data source for the social sciences.

The microcensus is an official statistical survey which is carried out annually since 1957 using a representative sample of one percent of the German population and households. In total, about 370,000 households with 810,000 household members participate in the survey. Being designed as a multiple-subject survey, the microcensus provides important statistical information on the population structure, on the economic and social situation of the population, families and households, on the employment market, on the occupational outline and the training of the workforce and on living conditions.
There is an obligation to provide information for the majority of questions.
Given its broad range of variables and its large sample size, the microcensus forms an appropriate data base to analyse small subpopulations, such as single migrant or occupational groups. Detailed regional analyses, for example with regard to life chances of different social groups, increasingly gain significance in scientific research. Results of regional analyses can, for example, be displayed on the level of regional adjustment shifts - regional units of 500,000 inhabitants on average. Furthermore and in addition to cross-sectional analyses, the high continuity of the survey design allows for analyses over time (trend analyses), by which historical developments can be revealed. Being designed as a rotating panel, some survey years of the microcensus can also be used for panel analyses. The microcensus is also suitable for comparisons in an international context as various subjects are adapted to international standards (e.g. the labour force concept).
Characterized by its large sampling size, its variety of subjects and temporal continuity, the microcensus constitutes an important data source for the social sciences.

The microcensus is an official statistical survey which is carried out annually since 1957 using a representative sample of one percent of the German population and households. In total, about 370,000 households with 810,000 household members participate in the survey. Being designed as a multiple-subject survey, the microcensus provides important statistical information on the population structure, on the economic and social situation of the population, families and households, on the employment market, on the occupational outline and the training of the workforce and on living conditions.
There is an obligation to provide information for the majority of questions.Given its broad range of variables and its large sample size, the microcensus forms an appropriate data base to analyse small subpopulations, such as single migrant or occupational groups. Detailed regional analyses, for example with regard to life chances of different social groups, increasingly gain significance in scientific research. Results of regional analyses can, for example, be displayed on the level of regional adjustment shifts - regional units of 500,000 inhabitants on average. Furthermore and in addition to cross-sectional analyses, the high continuity of the survey design allows for analyses over time (trend analyses), by which historical developments can be revealed. Being designed as a rotating panel, some survey years of the microcensus can also be used for panel analyses. The microcensus is also suitable for comparisons in an international context as various subjects are adapted to international standards (e.g. the labour force concept).
Characterized by its large sampling size, its variety of subjects and temporal continuity, the microcensus constitutes an important data source for the social sciences.

The microcensus is an official statistical survey which is carried out annually since 1957 using a representative sample of one percent of the German population and households. In total, about 380,000 households and 820,000 household members participate in the survey. Being designed as a multi-subject survey, the microcensus provides major statistical information about the population structure (including detailed information about migration backgrounds), the framework of families and households as well as employment, income, education and vocational training.
For the majority of questions there is an obligation to provide information. Additionally, a set of questions is subject to voluntary response, including information about subjects such as health, health insurance, housing situation or retirement provisions. The supplementary program is repeated at four-year intervals.
Given its broad range of variables and its large sample size, the microcensus forms an appropriate data base to analyse small subpopulations, as for example single migrant and occupational groups. Detailed regional analyses increasingly gain significance in scientific research, for example with regard to life chances of different social groups. Results of regional analyses can e.g. be displayed on the level of regional adjustment shifts - regional units of on average 500,000 inhabitants. Furthermore, the high continuity of the survey design allows for (cross-sectional) analyses over time, by which historical developments can be revealed. Being designed as a rotating panel, the microcensus can as well be used for longitudinal analyses. Finally, the microcensus is also suitable for comparisons in an international context since various subjects are adapted to international standards (e.g. the labour force concept).
Characterized by its large sampling fraction, a variety of subjects and temporal continuity, the microcensus constitutes an important data source for the social sciences.

The microcensus is an official statistical survey which is carried out annually since 1957 using a representative sample of one percent of the German population and households. In total, about 380,000 households and 820,000 household members participate in the survey. Being designed as a multi-subject survey, the microcensus provides major statistical information about the population structure (including detailed information about migration backgrounds), the framework of families and households as well as employment, income, education and vocational training.
For the majority of questions there is an obligation to provide information. Additionally, a set of questions is subject to voluntary response, including information about subjects such as health, health insurance, housing situation or retirement provisions. The supplementary program is repeated at four-year intervals.
Given its broad range of variables and its large sample size, the microcensus forms an appropriate data base to analyse small subpopulations, as for example single migrant and occupational groups. Detailed regional analyses increasingly gain significance in scientific research, for example with regard to life chances of different social groups. Results of regional analyses can e.g. be displayed on the level of regional adjustment shifts - regional units of on average 500,000 inhabitants. Furthermore, the high continuity of the survey design allows for (cross-sectional) analyses over time, by which historical developments can be revealed. Being designed as a rotating panel, the microcensus can as well be used for longitudinal analyses. Finally, the microcensus is also suitable for comparisons in an international context since various subjects are adapted to international standards (e.g. the labour force concept).
Characterized by its large sampling fraction, a variety of subjects and temporal continuity, the microcensus constitutes an important data source for the social sciences.

The microcensus is an official statistical survey which is carried out annually since 1957 using a representative sample of one percent of the German population and households. In total, about 380,000 households and 820,000 household members participate in the survey. Being designed as a multi-subject survey, the microcensus provides major statistical information about the population structure (including detailed information about migration backgrounds), the framework of families and households as well as employment, income, education and vocational training.
For the majority of questions there is an obligation to provide information. Additionally, a set of questions is subject to voluntary response, including information about subjects such as health, health insurance, housing situation or retirement provisions. The supplementary program is repeated at four-year intervals.
Given its broad range of variables and its large sample size, the microcensus forms an appropriate data base to analyse small subpopulations, as for example single migrant and occupational groups. Detailed regional analyses increasingly gain significance in scientific research, for example with regard to life chances of different social groups. Results of regional analyses can e.g. be displayed on the level of regional adjustment shifts - regional units of on average 500,000 inhabitants. Furthermore, the high continuity of the survey design allows for (cross-sectional) analyses over time, by which historical developments can be revealed. Being designed as a rotating panel, the microcensus can as well be used for longitudinal analyses. Finally, the microcensus is also suitable for comparisons in an international context since various subjects are adapted to international standards (e.g. the labour force concept).
Characterized by its large sampling fraction, a variety of subjects and temporal continuity, the microcensus constitutes an important data source for the social sciences.

The microcensus is an official statistical survey which is carried out annually since 1957 using a representative sample of one percent of the German population and households. In total, about 380,000 households and 820,000 household members participate in the survey. Being designed as a multi-subject survey, the microcensus provides major statistical information about the population structure (including detailed information about migration backgrounds), the framework of families and households as well as employment, income, education and vocational training.
For the majority of questions there is an obligation to provide information. Additionally, a set of questions is subject to voluntary response, including information about subjects such as health, health insurance, housing situation or retirement provisions. The supplementary program is repeated at four-year intervals.
Given its broad range of variables and its large sample size, the microcensus forms an appropriate data base to analyse small subpopulations, as for example single migrant and occupational groups. Detailed regional analyses increasingly gain significance in scientific research, for example with regard to life chances of different social groups. Results of regional analyses can e.g. be displayed on the level of regional adjustment shifts - regional units of on average 500,000 inhabitants. Furthermore, the high continuity of the survey design allows for (cross-sectional) analyses over time, by which historical developments can be revealed. Being designed as a rotating panel, the microcensus can as well be used for longitudinal analyses. Finally, the microcensus is also suitable for comparisons in an international context since various subjects are adapted to international standards (e.g. the labour force concept).
Characterized by its large sampling fraction, a variety of subjects and temporal continuity, the microcensus constitutes an important data source for the social sciences.

The microcensus is an official statistical survey which is carried out annually since 1957 using a representative sample of one percent of the German population and households. In total, about 380,000 households and 820,000 household members participate in the survey. Being designed as a multi-subject survey, the microcensus provides major statistical information about the population structure (including detailed information about migration backgrounds), the framework of families and households as well as employment, income, education and vocational training.
For the majority of questions there is an obligation to provide information. Additionally, a set of questions is subject to voluntary response, including information about subjects such as health, health insurance, housing situation or retirement provisions. The supplementary program is repeated at four-year intervals.
Given its broad range of variables and its large sample size, the microcensus forms an appropriate data base to analyse small subpopulations, as for example single migrant and occupational groups. Detailed regional analyses increasingly gain significance in scientific research, for example with regard to life chances of different social groups. Results of regional analyses can e.g. be displayed on the level of regional adjustment shifts - regional units of on average 500,000 inhabitants. Furthermore, the high continuity of the survey design allows for (cross-sectional) analyses over time, by which historical developments can be revealed. Being designed as a rotating panel, the microcensus can as well be used for longitudinal analyses. Finally, the microcensus is also suitable for comparisons in an international context since various subjects are adapted to international standards (e.g. the labour force concept).
Characterized by its large sampling fraction, a variety of subjects and temporal continuity, the microcensus constitutes an important data source for the social sciences.

The microcensus is an official statistical survey which is carried out annually since 1957 using a representative sample of one percent of the German population and households. In total, about 380,000 households and 820,000 household members participate in the survey. Being designed as a multi-subject survey, the microcensus provides major statistical information about the population structure (including detailed information about migration backgrounds), the framework of families and households as well as employment, income, education and vocational training.
For the majority of questions there is an obligation to provide information. Additionally, a set of questions is subject to voluntary response, including information about subjects such as health, health insurance, housing situation or retirement provisions. The supplementary program is repeated at four-year intervals.
Given its broad range of variables and its large sample size, the microcensus forms an appropriate data base to analyse small subpopulations, as for example single migrant and occupational groups. Detailed regional analyses increasingly gain significance in scientific research, for example with regard to life chances of different social groups. Results of regional analyses can e.g. be displayed on the level of regional adjustment shifts - regional units of on average 500,000 inhabitants. Furthermore, the high continuity of the survey design allows for (cross-sectional) analyses over time, by which historical developments can be revealed. Being designed as a rotating panel, the microcensus can as well be used for longitudinal analyses. Finally, the microcensus is also suitable for comparisons in an international context since various subjects are adapted to international standards (e.g. the labour force concept).
Characterized by its large sampling fraction, a variety of subjects and temporal continuity, the microcensus constitutes an important data source for the social sciences.

The microcensus is an official statistical survey which is carried out annually since 1957 using a representative sample of one percent of the German population and households. In total, about 380,000 households and 820,000 household members participate in the survey. Being designed as a multi-subject survey, the microcensus provides major statistical information about the population structure (including detailed information about migration backgrounds), the framework of families and households as well as employment, income, education and vocational training.
For the majority of questions there is an obligation to provide information. Additionally, a set of questions is subject to voluntary response, including information about subjects such as health, health insurance, housing situation or retirement provisions. The supplementary program is repeated at four-year intervals.
Given its broad range of variables and its large sample size, the microcensus forms an appropriate data base to analyse small subpopulations, as for example single migrant and occupational groups. Detailed regional analyses increasingly gain significance in scientific research, for example with regard to life chances of different social groups. Results of regional analyses can e.g. be displayed on the level of regional adjustment shifts - regional units of on average 500,000 inhabitants. Furthermore, the high continuity of the survey design allows for (cross-sectional) analyses over time, by which historical developments can be revealed. Being designed as a rotating panel, the microcensus can as well be used for longitudinal analyses. Finally, the microcensus is also suitable for comparisons in an international context since various subjects are adapted to international standards (e.g. the labour force concept).
Characterized by its large sampling fraction, a variety of subjects and temporal continuity, the microcensus constitutes an important data source for the social sciences.