Suchergebnisse

The paper deals with a research of Tort law school development in St. Volodymyr's University – Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The purpose of the research is to analyse the development of the Tort law school and to study the main trends and key directions of the development. The author applied lots of different research methods, among which were historical and legal method (for the analysis of the works from the past), analysis and synthesis (for stating the peculiarities of the research approaches in different studies' periods). Also, such methods as philosophy methods (dialectic and hermeneutic), general research methods (systemic and structural-functional), general logic methods (induction and deduction, analogy, abstraction, generalization, formalization, and modelling) were used.
The topic of civil torts was interesting for the researchers from Kyiv University law school any time while the depth of interest and research approaches differed depending on the historical period. Before the revolution of 1917 the researchers mostly looked on the torts as on the type of civil obligation and the reward for damage caused. No one treated the torts from the standpoint of a type of civil liability at that time. The Soviet period of the Tort law School development was characterized by a change of the research vector. The researchers started focusing on civil torts as liability rather than civil obligations. Tort liability is a type of civil liability and the latter is a type of legal liability. That causes a regime when the researchers (some well-known names of that time are: Gennadiy Matveev, Yuriy Matveev, Dina Bobrova, Yaroslavna Shevchenko etc.) mostly analyse civil tort as a civil liability. They focused their attention on the foundations and the conditions of tort liability. Precisely at that time, the theory of "civil wrong compound" as the main foundation of civil liability appeared. Independent Ukraine spawned a new pleiad of researchers whose research interest was civil torts. Modern civil law doctrine started refusing the understanding of civil tort as a type of civil liability. It comes back to the tort as a type of obligation. Moreover, modern researchers look on the tort's issues much wider – through the prism of legal regulation mechanism. Constantly, modern researchers of Taras Shevchenko National University Law School pay great attention to the new topical spheres of torts, particularly to non-pecuniary damage compensation, damage compensation caused by the State and State agencies and product liability together with digital product liability. Keywords: tort, civil liability, damage compensation, history of legal research, scientific school.

The purpose of writing this article is to provide a conceptual overview of the main ideas and doctrines in the field of land law, which were being researched and substantiated by employees of the Faculty of Law / Institute of Law of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv during 30 years of independence, outlining the main achievements of land law and their practical implementation during this period. The main research method was the analysis and systematization of scientific research at the institutes of land law as a branch of law, science and academic discipline. The method of historical analysis helped to understand the historical and legal preconditions for the formation of a team of specialists who during the times of independent Ukraine were successfully working in land and related branches of law at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. In conclusion, it is noted that scientists of the Faculty of Law / Institute of Law of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv worthily have represented and developed land law as a branch, science and academic discipline since the very beginning of Ukraine's independence. Within the limits of this article it is not possible to show in full the scientific achievements of the employees of the Faculty of Law / Institute of Law of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv and their students during the time of independent Ukraine. But the described main scientific achievements emphasize the significant contribution of land law science of the Faculty of Law / Institute of Law of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv to the development of the science of land law of independent Ukraine. Due to the active position of the teaching staff at the Faculty of Law / Institute of Law of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, there grew a worthy scientific constellation of researchers, teachers, practitioners and statesmen, whose main scientific interest was land law with its practical implementation and improvement. Keywords: independent Ukraine; land law; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Faculty of Law; Institute of Law.

У статті проводиться аналіз основних праць науковців, що стосуються історії Одeського політeхнічного унівeрситeту, починаючи від найпeрших до найновіших. Автор надає власну оригінальну оцінку довідникам та нарисам, виданим про політeх до пам'ятних дат. Звeртається увага на тe, що наукові праці, присвячeні історії політeху, написані істориками-аматорами. Дослідник вказує на відсутність глибокого аналізу та чітких історичних методів при укладанні чи написанні книжок. Діяльності ректорів вишу присвячено лише кілька нарисів та наукових статей. В останніх відбулася спроба розкрити здобутки перших ректорів — А. О. Нілуса, І. Ю. Тимченка та Г. К. Суслова, а також К. І. Заблонського. Переважна кількість статей про перших ректорів написана під авторством нинішнього ректора політеху. Однією з нeбагатьох монографій, яку написали профeсійні історики, є досліджeння про життя та діяльність К. Заблонського на посаді рeктора політехнічного інституту. ; В статье проводится анализ основных работ ученых, касающиеся истории Одeсского политехнического университета, начиная от первых до самых новых. Автор предоставляет собственную оригинальную оценку справочникам и очеркам, выданные о политeхе к памятным датам. Обращается внимание на то, что научные работы, посвященные истории политeха, написаны историками-любителями. Исследователь указывает на отсутствие глубокого анализа и четких исторических методов при составлении или написании книг. Деятельности ректоров вуза посвящено лишь несколько очерков и научных статей. В последних совершена попытка раскрыть достижения первых ректоров — А. А. Нилуса, И. Ю. Тимченко и Г. К. Суслова, а также К. И. Заблонского. Подавляющее количество статей о первых ректорах написана под авторством нынешнего ректора политеха. Одной из немногих монографий, которую написали профессиональные историки есть исследование о жизни и деятельности К. Заблонского в должности ректора политехнического института. ; The article analyzes the basic works of scientists related to the history of the Odessa Polytechnic University, ranging from the first to the newest. The author gives his own original assessment of reference books and essays about POLITEH published to memorable dates. Attention is drawn to the fact that scholarly works devoted to the history of political sciences written by researchers-amators. The researcher points out the lack of in-depth analysis and clear historical methods for concluding or writing books. The activities of the rectors of college are devoted to only a few essays and scientific articles. The lattest articles attempted to reveal the achievements of the first rectors — A. O. Nilus, I. Yu. Timchenko and G. K. Suslov, and also K. I. Zablonskyj. The vast majority of articles about the first rectors is written by authorship of the current rector of the University. One of the few monographs written by professorial historians is the study of K. Zablonsky's life and activities as the Rector of the Polytechnic Institute

The event of the thirtieth anniversary of Ukraine's independence [1] provides an excellent opportunity to sum up the interim results, analyse the achievements made in building an independent democracy, as well as to understand the miscalculations that can hardly be avoided. Legal science plays a huge role in this, particularly, its part related to the field of administration of justice in civil cases which is ensuring the effective settlement of civil disputes and the administration of civil justice. In view of this, the purpose of the study is to establish the contribution of legal scholars of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv in the development of the doctrine of the science of civil procedural law during the period of independence of Ukraine since 1991. To achieve this goal, scientific methods of analysis of the main legislative acts regulating civil procedural relations were used, the provisions of those studies were singled out and characterized; the latter proposed new approaches to improving the mechanism of exercising the right to a fair trial, ensuring access to justice in civil cases; development and improvement of civil justice in the context of modern international, in particular, European approaches. The results of the study revealed more than forty dissertation researches, which were promoted during the selected period at the University, as well as a number of scientific studies that significantly influenced the development of the national tradition of civil procedure. The conclusions summarize the results of the study and identify areas for further development of research in the field of civil procedural law of Ukraine. In particular, it is noted that today special attention should be paid to the need for proper implementation in Ukraine of the concept of the right of everyone to a fair trial, guaranteed by the European Convention, as well as to increase out-of-court settlement of disputes mediating the right to access and freedoms in the modern world. It is important to understand the global trend of reconciliation of the parties as the most effective settlement of disputes and the spread of various ways that allow the parties to find the most convenient and effective way to protect their rights. Keywords: civil process, Ukraine, access to justice, legal doctrine, Kyiv University, Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine.

In the conditions of globalization, the intensification of relations between different States is taking place; the formation of a common market of capital, technologies and goods is formed. In this merged market there is a segment of the labor market, in which intellectual migration plays an extremely important role. At the present phase, migration processes attract more and more attention of scientists in all leading countries of the world. A special place takes intellectual migration. Human bieng, the human factor, especially their intellect, the educational potential has become a real capital. And migration itself forms the bulk of this capital. Migration is becoming more and more differentiated in terms of educational, qualification and professional characteristics, constantly involving new categories and groups of people in the staffing exchange. From ancient times, intellectual migration has been characterized by the constant movement of scientific staff between universities, which, obviously, determined the growth of prestige and the scientific, educational level of a university. Even in the history of Ukraine we can mention Yury Drohobych (Kotermak), professor and rector of the University of Bologna, professor of the Jagiellonian University, Mykhailo Drahomanov, professor at the Higher School in Sofia (now - Sofia University), etc. The present dictates similar needs in intelligence, which is addressed by promising scientists in the search for self-realization. Disproportionately smaller is the "flow" of scientific personnel to Ukraine. But such examples also take place. James Mace, a well-known historian, political scientist, researcher of the Holodomor, moved to Ukraine for scientific research and linked his scientific and livelihood with our country. In Ukraine, such migration processes are characterized by dynamism, diversity and a set of causes, not only of internal scientific, but also socio-economic nature. Over the past decades, part of the scientists who were unable to adapt to the new socio-economic conditions of post-Soviet Ukraine and could not "stay in science" by migrating to other areas of human activity, for example, in business or migrating to other countries. This, in turn, led to an imbalance in the scientific and educational spheres, and created new challenges and threats to the national educational and scientific sector, which affected the level of technical and technological development of Ukraine. The main goals of this paper is to determine the specifics of migration processes in the intellectual sphere, to identify their causes and social mechanisms, to analyze general and special factors of intellectual migration, to identify trends in intellectual migration and to create the appropriate conditions for the development of intellectual potential of Ukraine. Modern international intellectual migration is made up of two parts: highly qualified specialists who migrate from one developed country to another (mainly within Europe) and from specialists from Asia, Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe. Developing countries (this group can be safely attributed to Ukraine), as a result of the "outflow of intelligence" are experiencing great complications due to the lack of high-skilled and secondary education. That is why the "outflow of intelligence" is seen as the migration of highly skilled and talented specialists from poor and / or isolated countries to industrial centers. This process is permanent, and is steadily gaining momentum, increasing the flows of highly skilled migrants to the European Union States, and especially the United States of America.

In the article the basic stages of formation and development of the Donetsk scientific School of economic law and its branch in Vasyl' Stus Donetsk National University are presented by the leading conceptual ideas that received the justification in scientific writings of the representatives of the scientific school. Named representatives of the first generations of the Donetsk scientific School of economic law, who stood at the origins of legal concepts. Considered the way of the formation of branch of this school in the Vasyl' Stus Donetsk National University and presented by scientists and companies that contribute to the development of such a cell. Characterized the present state of scientific achievements and the composition of the representatives of the cell specified scientific school in the Vasyl' Stus Donetsk National University. Attention was paid to the continuity of research between different generations of scientific school with regard to contemporary economic, political and legal realities. Outlined the prospect activity branch of the Donetsk scientific School of economic law in the Vasyl' Stus Donetsk National University, associated with the achievement of the goal of strengthening the system of legal remedies, designed to ensuring equal conditions, stability and efficiency of management for all participants of economic relations, satisfaction and protection of the interests of such participants to ensure the growth of business activity subjects, ensuring consistency and coordination of business entities, their interest in entrepreneurship development and on this basis to ensure the efficiency of social production, its social orientation

The article analyzes the problems of evaluation of cultural activity of modern classical universities. It is emphasized that in the postmodern world this activity requires a triune symbiosis of science, education and culture, which should mutually enrich each other, i.e. it is proved that a new paradigm of university life is needed. The example of the activity of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University demonstrates how the desire of a modern university to be not only a center of knowledge and professional education, but also a center of active creative cultural practices is manifested. It is noted that such practices are very diverse, that they differ in their focus, objectives and forms of work. It turns out that due to such diversity there is a need to subordinate these practices to the main goal and determine an integrated assessment of their effectiveness, development and improvement. It is demonstrated that the latest model of evaluation as an interactive, communicative, self-corrected process of evaluating the classical university cultural activities is best suited for the development of the university as a cultural hub. This model is described as contributing to a deeper and more systematic understanding and development of such activities. In this sense, evaluation is seen not so much as a tool for evaluating activities, but as a tool for its development and improvement in changing conditions, i.e. in emergent social contexts. It is argued that in the evaluationary process, in addition to communication, research methods to study and analyze the opinions, positions, proposals, critiques of all actors and beneficiaries of the cultural project should be actively used. As such, sociological surveys, expert assessments, focused group interviews are provided, which provide valuable information about the real state of the project, its strengths and weaknesses, current issues. Conclusions about the status of evaluation in modern educational practices are formulated. Potential directions of further researches of evaluative practices in educational contexts are described.

The article examines the scientific achievements of legal scholars of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv in the field of information law as well as describes their impact on the formation of fundamental institutions of this field of law during the period from 1991 to 2021. The purpose of the article is to analyze the theoretical and methodological grounds for the development of the main institutes of information law in the works of legal scholars of the Institute of Law / Faculty of Law of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The author also aims at studying the prerequisites for the formation of Kyiv University scientific school of information law and determining further promising areas of research within the relevant field of law. Methods. During the study a number of methods have been used, namely dialectical, system-structural, formal-logical as well as historical, comparative, sociological, etc. Results. The article substantiates that the process of updating the institutions of information law in independent Ukraine is inextricably linked with the process of improving information legislation, the development of digital transformations in the state and society and research on various aspects of legal regulation of information relations. The paper shows that a wide range of proposals formulated by legal scholars of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv regarding the improvement of information legislation of Ukraine have been enshrined in the provisions of certain laws and bylaws. The paper also proves that the legal and educational basis for the development of a modern school of information law at Kyiv University is the establishment of Information Law Specialization for Master's Degree in 2012. The conclusions set out the main provisions of the study; formulate further areas of research of the main institutes of information law, which may be of scientific interest to legal scholars and practitioners. Keywords: field of law; Information Law; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; scientific school; legal system; period from 1991 to 2021.

The article is devoted to the famous legal scholar of the first half of XIX century, the first Dean of the faculty of law at St. Volodymyr Kyiv University Professor Ignat Nikolaevich Danilovich (1788-1843). The article studies his scientific and pedagogical activities. The author emphasizes his role as the founder of the scientific study of the law of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania despite the distrust of the Imperial authorities. It is stated that this work was later continued by Ukrainian, Russian and Belarusian scientists.

The article recreates the process of establishing the Oles Gonchar Dnipro National University. It was shown that the impetus for the idea of university education in Katerynoslav was an attempt to create Higher Women's Courses that opened up as private and independent, consisting of two faculties – physical and mathematical (with natural-historical and mathematical branches) and medical, that is, in fact, consisting of faculties, which were envisaged in the project of the university's opening. Attention is drawn to the fact that in 1915 the City Duma, regardless of the process of creation of the HWC, initiated the issue of the opening of a university in Yekaterinoslav. This discussed two ways. The first provided for the transfer to Yekaterinoslav or Warsaw or Yuryev University, which then fell into the zone of hostilities, and the second - the creation of Yekaterinoslav University on its own. The fact is that on the eve of the revolutionary events of 1917 in Yekaterinoslav a certain system of higher education was formed. The city was operated by Yekaterinoslav Mining Institute, Yekaterinoslav Teachers' Institute, Katerynoslav High School Women's Studies courses, University of Yekaterinburg, Jewish Polytechnic Institute, Higher Pedagogical Courses. Ways of creating the Institute of Transport Engineers were worked out. All this formed a powerful basis for the further development of the higher education system in Ekaterinoslav. It is noteworthy that neither the political storms nor the social upheavals of this historical period could affect the desire to organize a university in Yekaterinoslav. With the advent of hetman P. Skoropadsky in April 1918 and the creation of a commission in higher education in Kyiv under the chairmanship of academicians. V. I. Vernadsky's decisive role in establishing an independent classical university in Ekaterinoslav played by local self-government with the support of the public. It is concluded that the University of Dnipro (in 1918 – Katerinoslavsky) has an official date of statutory approval of its activities as an independent institution of higher education. On August 20, 1918, the Ekaterinoslavsky classical university institution arose as a result of the joint activity of local self-government and the public of the city, with the assistance of the Government of the Ukrainian The states of Hetman P. Skoropadsky. ; В статье воссоздан процесс создания Днепровского национального университета имени Олеся Гончара. Показано, что толчком к воплощению идеи университетского образования в Екатеринославе стала попытка создать Высшие женские курсы, которые открывались как частные и самостоятельные в составе двух факультетов – физико-математического (из естественно-историческим и математическим отделениями) и медицинского, то есть фактически с теми факультетами, которые предусматривались в проекте открытия университета. Акцентировано внимание на том, что в 1915 г. Городская Дума, независимо от процесса создания ВЖК, инициировала вопрос об открытии в Екатеринославе университета. При этом обсуждалось два пути. Первый предусматривал перевод в Екатеринослав или Варшавского, или Юрьевского университета, которые тогда попали в зону военных действий, а второй – создание Екатеринославского университета на собственной основе. Речь идет о том, что накануне революционных событий 1917 г. в Екатеринославе сформировалась определенная система высшего образования. В городе действовали Екатеринославский горный институт, Екатеринославский учительский институт, Екатеринославские высшие женские курсы, работавшие по университетским программам, Еврейский политехнический институт, Высшие педагогические курсы. Прорабатывались пути создания Института инженеров транспорта. Все это создавало мощный базис для дальнейшего развития системы высшего образования в Екатеринославе. Примечательно, что ни политические бури, ни социальные потрясения этой исторической эпохи не могли повлиять на стремление организовать в Екатеринославе университет. С приходом к власти гетмана П. Скоропадского в апреле 1918 г. и созданием в Киеве комиссии по высшым учебным заведениям под председательством акад. В. И. Вернадского решающую роль в создании самостоятельного классического университета в Екатеринославе сыграло местное самоуправление при поддержке общественности. Сделан вывод, что Днепровский (в 1918 г. – Екатеринославский) университет имеет официальную дату утверждения устава своей деятельности как самостоятельного учреждения высшего образования 20 августа 1918 г. Екатеринославский классический университет возник как результат совместной деятельности местного самоуправления и общественности города, при содействии правительства Украинской державы гетьмана П. Скоропадского. ; У статті відтворено процес створення Дніпровського національного університету імені Олеся Гончара. Показано, що поштовхом до втілення ідеї університетської освіти у Катеринославі стала спроба створити Вищі жіночі курси, які відкривалися як приватні й самостійні у складі двох факультетів – фізико-математичного (з природничо-історичним та математичним відділеннями) та медичного, тобто фактично з тими факультетами, які передбачались у проекті відкриття університету. Акцентовано увагу на тому, що в 1915 р. Міська Дума, незалежно від процесу створення ВЖК, ініціювала питання про відкриття у Катеринославі університету. При цьому обговорювалося два шляхи. Перший передбачав переведення до Катеринослава або Варшавського, або Юр'ївського університету, які тоді потрапили в зону воєнних дій, а другий – створення Катеринославського університету на власній основі. Йдеться про те, що напередодні революційних подій 1917 р. у Катеринославі сформувалась певна система вищої освіти. У місті діяли Катеринославський гірничий інститут, Катеринославський вчительський інститут, Катеринославські вищі жіночі курси, що працювали за університетськими програмами, Єврейський політехнічний інститут, Вищі педагогічні курси. Пророблялися шляхи створення Інституту інженерів транспорту. Все це складало потужний базис для подальшого розвитку системи вищої освіти у Катеринославі. Прикметно, що ані політичні бурі, ані соціальні потрясіння цієї історичної доби не могли вплинути на прагнення організувати в Катеринославі університет. Із приходом до влади гетьмана П. Скоропадського у квітні 1918 р. й створенням у Києві комісії з вищих навчальних закладів під головуванням акад. В. І. Вернадського вирішальну роль у заснуванні самостійного класичного університету в Катеринославі відіграло місцеве самоврядування за підтримки громадськості. Зроблено висновок, що Дніпровський (у 1918 р. – Катеринославський) університет має офіційну дату статутного затвердження своєї діяльності як самостійного закладу вищої освіти 20 серпня 1918 р. Катеринославський класичний університетський заклад виник як результат спільної діяльності місцевого самоврядування та громадськості міста, за сприяння уряду Української Держави гетьмана П. Скоропадського.

У статті показані сучасні підходи до вивчення проблеми місії університету в сучасній історіографії. Автор поставив за мету висвітлення інтелектуальної місії університету, яка розглядається в історичній ретроспекції на прикладі Дніпровського національного університету імені Олеся Гончара. Розкрито, як упродовж ста років від часу свого заснування університет виконував свою інтелектуальну місію на різних етапах функціонування, хоча під впливом ідеологічних, суспільно-політичних та військо-політичних чинників цей процес розвивався не однолінійно по висхідній, а мав певні перерви поступовості. У статті представлене авторське бачення сутності сучасної інтелектуальної місії українського національного університету, яка полягає в істотній модернізації всіх ділянок роботи з метою підтримання і зміцнення флагманських позицій в системі вищої освіти та науки України на основі органічного поєднання сучасної теоретико-методологічної, інформаційно-технологічної й методичної підготовки фахівців, виховання їх на принципах високої професійної етики та моральності, в дусі самовідданого служіння університетській корпорації і народу України. Наголошено, що втілення в життя такого підходу передбачає активне утвердження інноваційної, інтелектуально-інформаційної моделі університетської освіти та науки, що мають розвиватися на автономних засадах і разом з тим ефективно взаємодіяти з державою, громадянським суспільством та бізнесовими колами. ; The article shows modern approaches to the study of the problem of university mission in modern historiography. The author aims to highlight the University's intellectual mission, which is considered in the historical retrospective on the example of the Oles Honchar Dnipro National University. It is disclosed how during the hundred years since its foundation, the university performed its intellectual mission at various stages of its functioning, although under the influence of ideological, socio-political and military-political factors, this process did not develop on a one-to-one basis ascending, but had certain breaks of graduality. The article presents the author's vision of the essence of the modern intellectual mission of the Ukrainian national university, which consists in substantially modernizing all sections of work in order to maintain and strengthen the flagship positions in the system of higher education and science of Ukraine on the basis of an organic combination of modern theoretical and methodological, informational, technological and methodical preparation. specialists, educating them on the principles of high professional ethics and morality, in the spirit of selfless service to the university corporation and people of Ukraine. It is emphasized that the implementation of such an approach involves the active approval of the innovative, intellectual and informational model of university education and science that should be developed on an autonomous basis and, at the same time, effectively interact with the state, civil society and business circles. ; В статье показаны современные подходы к изучению проблемы миссии университета в современной историографии. Автор поставил целью освещение интеллектуальной миссии университета, которая рассматривается в исторической ретроспективе на примере Днепровского национального университета имени Олеся Гончара. Раскрыто, как на протяжении ста лет от времени своего основания университет выполнял свою интеллектуальную миссию на разных этапах функционирования, хотя под воздействием идеологических, общественно-политических и военно-политических факторов этот процесс развивался не однолинейно по восходящей, а имел определенные перерывы постепенности. В статье представлено авторское видение сущности современной интеллектуальной миссии украинского национального университета, которая заключается в существенной модернизации всех участков работы с целью поддержания и укрепления флагманских позиций в системе высшего образования и науки Украины на основе органического сочетания современной теоретико-методологической, информационно-технологической и методической подготовки специалистов, воспитание их на принципах высокой профессиональной этики и нравственности, в духе самоотверженного служения университетской корпорации и народу Украины. Отмечено, что воплощение в жизнь такого подхода предполагает активное утверждение инновационной, интеллектуально-информационной модели университетского образования и науки, которые должны развиваться на автономных началах и вместе с тем эффективно взаимодействовать с государством, гражданским обществом и деловыми кругами.

The article is devoted to the investigation of scientific views of Lviv University alumni Louis Sohn on the formation of institution of human rights defense. Attention has been paid to impact of United Nations on the formation of intergovernmental cooperation to ensure basic human rights and of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights development.The common scientific positions of Louis Sohn, Volodymyr Koretskyy and Hersh Lauterpacht about the meaning of this fundamental international legal act have been underlined. Lauterpacht was one of the few international lawyers actively campaigning for human rights. He gave idea and prepared actually first draft of this important document in the sphere of human rights. Koretskyy had participated in the meeting of the working committee of the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. He has been argued need for creating a system where the individual is not opposed to society and the state. The Declaration thus is now considered to be an authoritative interpretation of the U.N. Charter, spelling out in considerable detail the meaning of the phrase «human rights and fundamental freedoms» which Member States agreed in the Charter to promote and observe.In a parallel development, individuals gained rights under international law and, to some extent, means for vindication of those rights on the international plane. This development entailed four different lawbuilding stages: assertion of international concern about human rights in the U.N. Charter; listing of those rights in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; elaboration of the rights in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Louis Sohn has been investigated International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Those documents contain clear commitments binding on all States Parties.Key words: Louis Sohn; Volodymyr Koretskyy; Hersh Lauterpacht; human rights defence; Universal Declaration of Human Rights; United Nations. ; Розглянуто наукові погляди випускника Львівського університету Луїса Сона на становлення інституту захисту прав людини. Вчений зосереджував увагу на вирішальному впливі ООН на розвиток співробітництва між державами щодо забезпечення основних прав людини і розробки Загальної декларації прав людини.Підкреслено спільні наукові позиції Л. Сона, Г. Лаутерпахта та В. Корецького стосовно значення цього фундаментального міжнародно-правового акта. Зазначено, що Г. Лаутерпахт виступав ідейним натхненником і першим науковим проектантом цього важливого документа у сфері захисту прав людини. Наголошено, що В. Корецький також брав участь у засіданні робочої комісії з розробки Загальної декларації прав людини, акцентуючи увагу на необхідності створення системи, де індивіда не протиставлятимуть суспільству і державі.Зазначено дослідження Л. Соном Міжнародного пакту про громадянські і політичні права та Міжнародного пакту про економічні, соціальні та культурні права як міжнародно-правових актів, що містять чіткі зобов'язання, обов'язкові для виконання усіма державами-учасницями.Ключові слова: Луїс Сон; Володимир Корецький; Герш Лаутерпахт; захист прав людини; Загальна декларація прав людини; Організація Об'єднаних Націй.

This paper describes the system of future specialists-cartographers education in Lviv polytechnic national university. Main targets of the department of cartography and geospatial modelling are listed. Key research areas of the department, the educational specifics of students at «Bachelor» and «Master's» levels are described. At present, the main task of the department is to train specialists with good knowledge of cartographic investigation method, GIS technologies, because digital cartography, web-mapping, web-portal are things of the future. Cartography specialists must know how to create traditional maps (topographic, thematic, tourist) using computer technologies and electronic maps that can be used in the creation of GIS systems, informational resources in navigation, military affairs and so on. The main scientific direction of the department is general geographic and thematic mapping, GIS mapping and development of GIS, history of the cartography, mathematic modelling in geodesy, astronomy and geophysics. The department trains bachelors on specialty 103 «Earth sciences», specialization 103.02 «Cartography». The feature of master's education is maximum approach to education content for future employment. Master degree students are improving their professional knowledge and skills received during their study for the bachelor's degree. They are deeply studying modern methods of cartographic digital terrain models with GIS technologies, combining their work with development of cartographic databases. They get acquainted with the principles of base sets of geospatial data, conduct thematic evaluation and forecast maps, using GIS. The students also study methods and order of design, edition, and maps development in detail. Modern mapping needs to be more efficient in the use of both natural and human resources, reflect a complex system man - society - environment. Such problem can be solved using various modeling techniques with the construction of multi-universal system of cartographic models. All conditions for education of specialists, corresponding to production requirements, are created at the institute of geodesy. The department also has a postgraduate course on specialty 103 «Earth sciences» and 193 «Geodesy and land management». Specialists on the specialty «Cartography» have an opportunity to be employed in companies of State service of geodesy cartography and land management, in DNVP «Cartography», Ukrmorkartohrafiya, National space agency, at scientific and design institutes, that are developing maps, GIS for enterprises, institutions and organizations of different ownership, including the structure of tourist and recreational areas. ; В данной статье освещена система подготовки будущих специалистов-картографов в НУ «Львовская политехника». Перечислены задачи кафедры картографии и геопространственного моделирования на современном этапе. Описаны основные научные направления кафедры. Раскрыта специфика подготовки студентов уровня «бакалавр» и уровня «магистр». Описанывозможности трудоустройства выпускников-картографов. ; У даній статті висвітлено систему підготовки майбутніх фахівців-картографів у НУ «Львівська політехніка». Перелічено завдання кафедри картографії та геопросторового моделювання на сучасному етапі. Описано основні наукові напрями кафедри. Розкрито специфіку підготовки студентів рівня «бакалавр» та рівня «магістр». Описано можливості працевлаштування випуск-ників-картографів.

In the article, based on official documents of the end of November – December 2004, the international aspects of activities of the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv during the Orange Revolution is characterized. A special emphasis is made on the publication of open letters, appeals and statements signed by the rector of Lviv University and chairman of the Council of Rectors of Lviv region Ivan Vakarchuk. The most important among them are: open letter from rectors of Ukrainian universities to the President of the French Republic Jacques Chirac (November 24, 2004); the appeal of the academic community of Lviv region to the academic circles of Russia (November 27, 2004); letters to the Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador of the Republic of Poland to Ukraine Marek Zyulkovski and to the Consul General of the Republic of Poland in Lviv Wieslaw Osukhovski (November 26, 2004), to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine Kostyantyn Gryshchenko (November 29, 2004), to the Chairman of the Committee of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on issues of European integration Borys Tarasyuk (November 30, 2004), to the Secretary General of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Jan Kubis (December 5, 2004).On the basis of the analysis of these documents, the author concluded that the international aspects of the activities of the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv during the Orange Revolution consisted of attempts, through open letters, appeals and statements addressed to the representatives of the political elites of European countries and the intellectual circles of the Russian Federation, to achieve their participation in solving a complicated political situation in Ukraine. Particular attention was paid to the dialogue with representatives of the Ukrainian political system, which had an impact on the international relations of Ukraine: the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Chairman of the Committee of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on issues of European integration. It can be argued that this activity of the Lviv University and other universities of Ukraine has had significant results: the international community supported the protection of civil rights and freedoms of Ukrainians, which became one of the factors of the victory of the Maidan. ; У статті на основі офіційних документів періоду кінця листопада – грудня 2004 р. охарактеризовано міжнародний аспект діяльності Львівського національного університету імені Івана Франка під час Помаранчевої революції 2004 р. Особливий наголос зроблено на оприлюдненні Львівським університетом відкритих листів, звернень і відозв за підписом ректора Івана Вакарчука, зокрема: відкритого листа до Президента Французької Республіки Жака Ширака, звернення до академічних кіл Росії, листів до Надзвичайного і Повноважного Посла Республіки Польща в Україні Марека Зюлковського, Генерального Консула Республіки Польща у Львові Вєслава Осуховського, Генерального секретаря Організації з безпеки та співробітництва в Європі Яна Кубіша, Міністра закордонних справ України Костянтина Грищенка, Голови Комітету Верховної Ради України з питань європейської інтеграції Бориса Тарасюка.

У дослідженні з'ясовано зародження елементів національного виховного ідеалу та українознознавчого компоненту змісту педагогічного процесу в Острозькій і Києво-Могилянській академіях ХVІ–ХVІІІ ст., у навчальній, науковій та просвітницькій діяльності Львівського, Харківського, Київського, Новоросійського університетів ХІХ – початку ХХ ст.; представлено підходи до розробки моделі українського вищого навчального закладу репрезентантами громадсько-педагогічного руху, успіхи та труднощі в їх реалізації в період українського державотворення 1917–1920 рр.; виокремлено особистий внесок визначних науковців у формування нової генерації української інтелігенції. ; The study reveals genesis of national educational ideal elements and Ukrainian studies component of pedagogical process content in Ostroh and Kyiv-Mohyla Academy in the XVI–XVIII centuries. The conducted analysis made it possible to distinguish a series of factors of the Ukrainian university idea genesis: Ukrainian nation formation, traditional endeavor of Ukrainians for education, experience of «intellectual tourism» in Europe, Ukrainian Hetmans' policy, traditions of charity, public and private initiatives. Endeavor of the teachers and students for meeting the right for national higher education, demands to eliminating censorship restrictions on literature, cancelling prohibition of Ukrainian language, developing of the Ukrainian language studios in academic, research and educational activities of Lviv, Kharkiv, Kyiv, Novorossiysk Universities in the XIX – early XX centuries is revealed in the research. It is proved that the idea of Ukrainian National University got favorable conditions for realization in the period of national state establishment in 1917–1920. Kyiv Taras Shevchenko National University (1917) became the prototype of the national high school that combined classical education content with deep Ukrainian nationalistic component. Innovative potential of Kamenets-Podolsk Ukrainian State University that successfully implemented the right for higher education and adequate to national needs was defined. Developmental peculiarities of conceptual approaches to the Ukrainian University idea and its implementation during national state establishment in 1917–1920: constructive policy of the Ukrainian Governments aimed at fostering a citizen of Ukraine and that of the world, which was based on the principles of consistence, tolerance, diversity, social, gender and national equality, respect for the autonomy of higher educational institutions, broad public participation; affirmation of the right for writing and defending a thesis in the Ukrainian language; expansion of the Ukrainian studies range, activation of scientific schools work; native language competence of a new Ukrainian intelligentsia generation representatives, their involvement in the educational work implementation among the population were determined. Among these three approaches (radical, moderate and conservative) as a result of lively discussions, the supporters of gradual establishment of the Ukrainian University won a victory (revolutionary means were rejected, temporary bilingualism, coexistence of the Ukrainian and Russian higher education institutions were admitted). The subject of further research will become foreign institutions contribution to elaboration of Ukrainian studies subject matter and development of National University idea.