National socialism in Germany
In: The political quarterly: PQ, Band 11, S. 520-530
ISSN: 0032-3179
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In: The political quarterly: PQ, Band 11, S. 520-530
ISSN: 0032-3179
In: Pacific affairs, Band 23, Heft 3, S. 311
ISSN: 0030-851X
In: The political quarterly, Band 2, Heft 4, S. 520-530
ISSN: 1467-923X
In: American political science review, Band 36, S. 460-470
ISSN: 0003-0554
In: American political science review, Band 36, Heft 3, S. 460-470
ISSN: 1537-5943
Next to Hegel and Nietzsche, Fichte is the German philosopher most frequently blamed as one of the principal inspirers of the National Socialist ideologies of state despotism and the superiority of the German people. Indeed, it is not difficult to find in Fichte's work any number of passages which might be interpreted in such a way as to corroborate these views. In the writings of his middle period, around 1800, Fichte arrives at a despotism of reason which in its practical application might be even more consistently restraining than the rule of our modern dictators. In his programmatic speeches for the restoration of the German nation, he ascribes to his people a divine mission which has shocked many of his interpreters. Therefore we cannot be surprised that historians who, in accordance with the demands of their profession, lay more stress on the effects of thoughts and actions than on the intentions which motivate them, attribute to Fichte a good share of responsibility for the ideology of the National Socialist party and its hold on the German people. Yet these historians are right only with regard to the external form, while the intended aims of the two systems of thought are diametrically opposed to one another.On the whole, Fichte is a moral idealist whose principal concerns are the political and inner freedom of the individual, the right and duty of the individual to contribute his best to the welfare and the cultural progress of his nation, the independence of all nationalities, social security, and an acceptable standard of living for every human being. These demands are based on a genuine respect for the dignity of man and the desire to contribute to the rule of humanitarian values in all human relations. The National Socialist, on the contrary, is fundamentally an egotistic materialist, a ruthless Herrenmensch, with a deep-rooted contempt for freedom, equality, and all humanitarian values.
In: Foreign affairs: an American quarterly review, Band 74, Heft 5, S. 188
ISSN: 2327-7793
In: The European legacy: the official journal of the International Society for the Study of European Ideas (ISSEI), Band 1, Heft 6, S. 1965-1968
ISSN: 1470-1316
In: The Australian journal of politics and history: AJPH, Band 27, Heft 3, S. 354-363
ISSN: 1467-8497
In: American political science review, Band 54, S. 921-933
ISSN: 0003-0554
In: Foreign affairs, Band 13, S. 557-573
ISSN: 0015-7120
In: International affairs, Band 19, Heft 6-7, S. 415-415
ISSN: 1468-2346
In: Journal of political economy, Band 50, S. 805-835
ISSN: 0022-3808
In: Environmental politics, Band 14, Heft 5, S. 735-737
ISSN: 0964-4016
In: Political theory: an international journal of political philosophy, Band 28, Heft 2, S. 140-166
ISSN: 1552-7476
In: Historical social research: HSR-Retrospective (HSR-Retro) = Historische Sozialforschung, Band 21, Heft 3, S. 34-56
ISSN: 2366-6846
Der Autor weist zunächst auf die Bedeutung einer Geschichte des Umweltschutzes bzw. einer Geschichte der Ökologie-Bewegung hin. Sodann wird das gegensätzliche Bild des Naturschutzes während des Nationalsozialismus herausgearbeitet. Dieses wird in der Funktionalisierung der (romantisch) anti modernistischen Haltung des Bürgertums zu Zwecken einer ökonomisch orientierten Wachstumspolitik gesehen. Der Autor wirft sodann einen Blick auf den Beginn des Naturschutzes und des Heimatschutzes während der Jahrhundertwende. Im weiteren wird die Ideologie des Naturschutzes und der Naturschutzpolitik während des Nationalsozialismus näher untersucht. Abschließend werden die (negativen) Folgen der nationalsozialistischen Natur-Ideologie für die heutige Ökologiedebatte diskutiert. (ICD)