Suchergebnisse

In the past 30 years, China's economic reforms have forced many state-owned factories (SOEs) to collapse, and both men and women workers were dismissed. In urban Northeast China many laid-off women were able to find employment in the service industry and small-scale private businesses, while their husbands had difficulty finding a satisfactory job. As such, the wives became breadwinners of the families. Based on fieldwork data collected through face-to-face interviews, focus group interviews and participant observation, this study examines resultant spousal relationships in the aspects of family finance, domestic division of labor, power relations, and foundation of marriage, as the husband and wife swapped their economic roles at home. This study finds that when women control more economic capital than men in the nuclear family, domestic division of labor, power relations and affection between couples all tend to be more egalitarian. However, the concept of a male-breadwinner family and the gender segregation of space are still popular on material and social levels. Thus without corresponding changes on the ideological level regarding gender, patriarchy will remain dominant on the community and national levels. Analysis on spousal relationships shows that the economic, political and emotional aspects of marriage are interconnected and interactive, and they work together to decide how spousal relationships may be altered in times of rapid social transformation. In the era of market economy, family and marriage values are diversified, and marriage tends to be less stable. However, this study finds that the integrity of family and marriage has been kept in the laid-off workers' families even when spousal relationships face serious challenges caused by unemployment. The reason is that these laid-off workers have formed their gender identities during the socialist era which emphasized the integrity of family and marriage. In the market era, laid off workers have maintained these values and upheld the integrity of ...

Jin, Lei. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 150-170). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; THESIS COMMITTEE --- p.II ; ABSTRACT --- p.IV ; 摘要 --- p.VI ; TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.VIII ; LIST OF TABLES --- p.XII ; LIST OF FIGURES --- p.",XIV" ; LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.XVII ; Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- GENERAL INTRODUCTION --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Background of Mushroom --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1.1 --- Mushroom --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1.2 --- Shiitake Mushroom --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.1.3 --- Production of Shiitake mushroom --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.1.4 --- Taxonomy of Shiitake --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.1.5 --- Nutrients of Shiitake --- p.5 ; Chapter 1.1.6 --- Taste Substances of Shiitake --- p.10 ; Chapter 7.1.7 --- Aroma Components of Shiitake --- p.11 ; Chapter 1.1.8 --- Color of Shiitake --- p.12 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Food Additives --- p.13 ; Chapter 1.2.1 --- Food Additives --- p.13 ; Chapter 1.2.2 --- Definition of Food Additives Given by FA O/WHO Joint Expert Committee for Food Additives (JECFA) --- p.13 ; Chapter 1.2.3 --- Definition of Food Additives Given by the Commission of the European Union --- p.14 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Food Colorants and Stability Assessment --- p.15 ; Chapter 1.3.1 --- "Define a Color: Color Space, Hue, and Chroma" --- p.15 ; Chapter 1.3.2 --- Natural Pigment --- p.17 ; Chapter 1.3.3 --- Food Color and use of Colorant --- p.17 ; Chapter 1.3.4 --- Microbial Colors as Food Colorant --- p.19 ; Chapter 1.3.5 --- Stability of Food Colorant --- p.23 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Food Safety and Risk Assessment --- p.23 ; Chapter 1.4.1 --- Food Safety --- p.23 ; Chapter 1.4.2 --- The Codex Alimentarius --- p.24 ; Chapter 1.4.3 --- National and Regional Authorities --- p.24 ; Chapter 1.4.4 --- The Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) and Other Related Safety Levels --- p.25 ; Chapter 1.4.5 --- Toxicity Tests for Safety Assessment --- p.26 ; Chapter 1.4.6 --- Sensitive Organs to Toxin (Liver and Kidney) --- p.29 ; Chapter 1.5 --- Safety Assessment of Food Color Additives ...

Yau Man-Kuen. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 222-234). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Chapter Chapter 0 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter PART A: --- Logistics in Hong Kong 一 Overview and Prospects ; Chapter A.1 --- Study Objectives --- p.3 ; Chapter A.2 --- Methodology --- p.4 ; Chapter A.3 --- What is Logistics? --- p.4 ; Chapter A.3.1 --- Major Trends --- p.6 ; Chapter A.4 --- Key Features of the Logistics in Hong Kong & China --- p.8 ; Chapter A.4.1 --- China Industry --- p.8 ; Chapter A.4.2 --- National Developments in China --- p.13 ; Chapter A.4.3 --- Hong Kong Industry --- p.16 ; Chapter A.5 --- Growth Trends & Statistics for Hong Kong --- p.25 ; Chapter A.6 --- Competitive Analysis for Hong Kong as a Logistics Hub --- p.45 ; Chapter A.6.1 --- Current Industry Strengths --- p.45 ; Chapter A.6.2 --- Current Industry Weaknesses --- p.46 ; Chapter A.6.3 --- Competitiveness Challenges --- p.47 ; Chapter A.6.4 --- Future Opportunities --- p.51 ; Chapter A.7 --- Changing Conditions and Infrastructure Needs --- p.54 ; Chapter A.7.1 --- Trade --- p.54 ; Chapter A.7.2 --- Technology --- p.56 ; Chapter A.7.3 --- Investment --- p.56 ; Chapter A.7.4 --- Human Resources --- p.57 ; Chapter A.7.5 --- Government and Regulation --- p.58 ; Chapter A.8 --- Recommendations --- p.61 ; Chapter A.9 --- Conclusions --- p.64 ; Chapter A.10 --- Future Work --- p.65 ; Chapter PART B: --- Inventory Management with Advance Ordering ; Chapter Chapter B.1 --- Introduction --- p.66 ; Chapter B.1.1 --- Overview --- p.66 ; Chapter B.1.2 --- Literature Review --- p.69 ; Chapter Chapter B.2 --- Model Formulation --- p.72 ; Chapter B.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.72 ; Chapter B.2.2 --- Mathematical Model --- p.74 ; Chapter B.2.3 --- Preliminaries --- p.76 ; Chapter B.2.4 --- Table of variables --- p.77 ; Chapter Chapter B.3 --- Study of Window Size0 --- p.79 ; Chapter B.3.1 --- Introduction --- p.79 ; Chapter B.3.2 --- Mathematical Model --- p.79 ...

Wong Wai Ling. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-218). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Acknowledgements --- p.i ; Declaration --- p.iii ; Abstract --- p.iv ; 中文摘要 --- p.vii ; Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- The Immigration of Cross-Border Families --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Family Strategies and Gender Relations --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Summary of Arguments --- p.6 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Research Design and Methods --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.5 --- The Development of Cross-Border Families --- p.14 ; Chapter 1.6 --- Map of the Thesis --- p.16 ; Chapter Chapter 2: --- "Immigration, Gender, and Family" --- p.18 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Western Feminist Rethinking of the Family --- p.19 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Immigration Scholarship of Family Theorizing --- p.21 ; Chapter 2.3 --- An Integrative Approach --- p.25 ; Chapter 2.4 --- The Concept of Strategy with a Gender Perspective --- p.27 ; Chapter 2.5 --- Gender and Internal Family Processes --- p.29 ; Chapter 2.6 --- The Making of the Structural Context --- p.31 ; Chapter 2.7 --- Chinese Traditional Family Culture as Resource or Constraint? --- p.35 ; Chapter Chapter 3: --- Immigration and Family Formation Across the Hong Kong 一 Guangdong Border --- p.37 ; Chapter 3.1 --- History of Chinese Immigration and Cross-Border Family Formation --- p.37 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Immigration Policy and Family Split Structures --- p.42 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Immigration and Social Location of Immigrant Families --- p.45 ; Chapter 3.4 --- Women's Economic Situation --- p.47 ; Chapter 3.5 --- The Context of Reception --- p.51 ; Chapter Chapter 4: --- Strategies and Family Patterns --- p.62 ; Chapter 4.1 --- Tensions in Reconstituted Cross-Border Families --- p.63 ; Chapter 4.2 --- Family Strategies and Conjugal Arrangements --- p.64 ; Chapter 4.3 --- Legal Reunited Conjugal Arrangement --- p.67 ; Chapter 4.4 --- Split Conjugal Arrangement --- p.71 ; Chapter 4.5 --- Bi-national Conjugal Arrangement --- ...

submitted by Li Jiehui. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-126). ; Abstract also in Chinese. ; Acknowledgements --- p.v ; Abstract --- p.vi ; Abbreviations --- p.viii ; Tables and figures --- p.ix ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- The research question --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- The research method --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.2.1 --- The legal and political scales --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.2.2 --- The adaptation of Page's method in China --- p.5 ; Chapter 1.2.3 --- The utilities of the two scales --- p.6 ; Chapter 1.3 --- The research plan --- p.8 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- Central-local relations in China: an overview --- p.10 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Major reforms in central-local relations --- p.10 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Provinces under the economic cycle --- p.13 ; Chapter 2.3 --- The case of Guangdong --- p.14 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- Legal assessment I: China --- p.16 ; Chapter 3.1 --- The general legal framework --- p.17 ; Chapter 3.1.1 --- Omni-competence --- p.17 ; Chapter 3.1.2 --- Dual subordination --- p.18 ; Chapter 3.1.3 --- The role of the Party --- p.20 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Legal documents and opportunities --- p.21 ; Chapter 3.2.1 --- National laws --- p.21 ; Chapter 3.2.2 --- Administrative regulations --- p.22 ; Chapter 3.2.3 --- Government/Party documents --- p.24 ; Chapter 3.2.4 --- Local legislation --- p.27 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Assessing legal localism --- p.28 ; Chapter Chapter 4 --- Legal assessment II: Guangdong --- p.30 ; Chapter 4.1 --- Build up a legal framework: 1979-1988 --- p.31 ; Chapter 4.2 --- Recession: 1989-1990 --- p.34 ; Chapter 4.3 --- Legislation of interests: 1991 -now --- p.34 ; Chapter 4.3.1 --- The case of the regulation for property registration --- p.37 ; Chapter 4.4 --- Development of other provinces: a comparison --- p.40 ; Chapter 4.5 --- Major findings --- p.43 ; Chapter Chapter 5 --- Political assessment I: China --- p.44 ; Chapter 5.1 --- Page's methodology --- p.44 ; Chapter 5.2 --- The ...

雍城作為秦都達300年之久,對秦政治、軍事、經濟、文化、宗教等方面的發展都發揮了很大的作用。此時期的秦文化既繼承了之前的西北、周文化傳統,又吸收了三晉、巴蜀、楚等地的文化特色,文化內涵漸趨豐富。前人對雍城的研究雖多,可是大多著重考古挖掘與都城結構兩方面,而較少從文化交流的角度分析相關議題。本文以前人研究為基礎,結合文獻與考古材料,先從「點」的層面開始,探討雍城所反映的春秋戰國之際,秦國的上層文化面貌。進而從「點」擴展至「線」的層面,縱向討論西周、春秋、戰國時期秦文化的演變,以及橫向考析天水、寶雞、西安地區不同等級的秦墓所反映的文化面貌。文中透過全面的整合與分析前人研究成果、文獻及考古材料,了解到秦國雖透過政治與軍事擴張而與「他者」文化接觸,但其文化發展卻沒有排他性。因此,秦國與「他者」的文化交流模式屬許倬雲所說的「傳播和擴散型」。 ; The city of Yong(雍城) was the capital of Qin state(秦國) for 300 years. During this period, Qin had experienced a great development from the area of politic, military, religion, culture to economy. This thesis deals mainly with the development of Qin's culture, and holds the opinion that Qin culture became sophisticated gradually with numerous cultural elements from the surrounding ethnic groups. Qin culture as a cultural complex, it inherited the traditions of Zhou(周), and absorbed cultural elements from the Northwest, Southwest and the Central Plain(中原). Archaeological researches on the city of Yong in the past fifty years have great achievements on Qin's early history, however, there is no consensus in regard to some aspects of the early Qin culture, such as the palace structure of the city of Yong. By investigating the documents and unearthed relics, including tombs, pottery and bronze vessels, this thesis examines the characteristics and changes of Qin culture during Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou periods, and analyzes the process and pattern of cultural communication between Qin and the Other. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; 林淑娟. ; "2013年7月". ; "2013 nian 7 yue". ; Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-216). ; Abstract in Chinese and English. ; Lin Shujuan. ; Chapter 序章 --- 緒論 --- p.頁1 ; Chapter 甲、 --- 解題 ; Chapter (一) --- 「秦早期」與「雍城時期」 ; Chapter (二) --- 「文化」:群體、社會的生活方式 ; Chapter (三) --- 文化交流與相融:「自我」與「他者」的相互作用 ; Chapter 乙、 --- 前人研究綜述 ; Chapter (一) --- 半個世紀的雍城考古成果 ; Chapter (二) --- 秦早期中、小型墓研究概況 ; Chapter (三) --- 秦早期器物研究綜述 ; Chapter 丙、 --- 研究目的及各章重點 ; Chapter (一) --- ...

Abstract: The year 2019 marks the 5th anniversary of Chinese President Xi Jinping's vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security. This article firstly makes a general summary of the progress made in national decision-making, policy oath and international recognition in the past five years since China put forward the vision of sustainable security.The article will then analyze the current challenges in global security governance. Based on the above information, the way forward for global security governance in the 21st century is discussed. Lastly, the vision of sustainable security is applied to practical issues of international security governance such as climate change and the future prospects of the Korean Peninsula. Additionally, a new security paradigm and specific resolutions for those problems are put forward. Keywords: Sustainable security; Global governance; International security; Climate change; Korean peninsula ; 2019是中国国家主席习近平提出共同、综合、合作、可持续安全观5周年。拙文首先就中国提出可持续安全观5年来,在国家决策、政策宣誓、国际认同方面取得的进展做一概要的总结;然后分析当前全球安全治理方面面临的挑战;在此基础上探讨21世纪全球安全治理的出路,将可持续安全观与气候变化问题、朝鲜半岛前景等国际安全治理的实际问题相结合,创造性地提出新的安全范式及解决问题的具体措施。 【关键词】可持续安全;全球治理;国际安全;气候变化;朝鲜半岛

動員是否可以作為一種解決公共問題的治理手段?本文基於改變他人行為的三種基本要素:交換、強制、動員,重新界定了中文語境中的動員概念,進而提出了一套新的關於解決公共問題治理風格的分析框架。在不同的條件下,三種基本要素不同程度的混合運用產生了動員式治理、科層制管理、市場化處理三種治國理政風格理想類型,它們在行為動機的理性化程度、組織機構的科層化程度、解決公共問題的分工與專業化程度三個維度上相互區別開來。 ; 運用這一理論分析框架,作者比較了中國共產黨在革命、建政、改革三個歷史時期治理風格的變化及其原因。中國共產黨政治地位的轉變改變了其自身組織結構特性,這一核心因素與黨在不同歷史時期中心任務的調整及指導思想的變化,決定了其對動員、強制、交換等不同手段的取捨與搭配。革命年代訓練出來的群眾動員技巧與工作方法在中國共產黨取得執政地位後,仍舊是行之有效的治理手段,並且它與群眾路線構成了中國共產黨執政合法性的重要來源。但是,隨著執政黨所能動用的強制能力與物質資源的增長,以及黨組織自身的日益科層化,在改革開放時期,動員逐漸被有意識的弱化,由此也造成了中國共產黨在日常群眾工作和社會控制方面的衰退。 ; Can mobilization be adopted as a means of governing to address the public issues? This thesis reconceptualizes the term 'mobilization' in the Chinese context based on three basic factors that alter human behaviors, namely, exchange, coercion, and mobilization. It puts forward a novel analytic framework of governing styles to solve the public issues. Under different circumstances, the configuration of the three basic factors adopted to different degrees will generate three ideal governing styles, that is, mobilized governance, bureaucratic management, and market-based settlement. These three ideal governing styles can be differentiated in three dimensions: the rationality of the behavior's motives, the hierarchy of the organization, and the specialized division of labor in solving the public issues. ; Using this theoretical framework for analysis, the author compared the changes of the governing styles of the Communist Party of China in three historical periods - revolution era, Maoist era, and reform era, and explored the reasons of the changes. The change of the party's political status altered the characteristics of its organizational structures. This core factor, together with the adjustment of the central tasks and the changes of the guiding thoughts in the party during different historical periods, determined how these means such as mobilization, coercion and exchange were selected and combined. Mass mobilization techniques and working styles obtained in the revolution era remained effective after the party took its ...

如果將崔健的專輯《新長征路上的搖滾》視為中國搖滾樂的正式開端,中國搖滾樂儼然已有近三十年的歷史。作為一種西方另類文化產品的追隨者,中國搖滾樂並沒有簡單複製西方搖滾樂史;作為一種流行次文化現象,中國搖滾樂生動地反映和再現着中國社會的面貌及其歷史變遷,而這一在中國文化語境下的反映和再現則正是中國搖滾樂作為一種風格的原創性所在。本文試圖探討中國搖滾樂中的「中國元素」。為了能夠縱觀這三十年的歷史,筆者特意挑選崔健、唐朝樂隊、二手玫瑰樂隊作為三個「十年」的突出代表來進行考察。 ; 作為中國搖滾樂的先驅者,在崔健的音樂作品中保留著一種「紅色情結」,一些革命年代的印記依舊會在他的歌曲中顯現;另外,崔健的一句「一無所有」喊出了那一代青年人的心聲,這種直白地表達在當時不自覺地帶有了一種比較嚴肅的政治含意,也因此使中國搖滾樂的命運同西方搖滾樂一樣,最先以一種反叛的不安分子形象示人;唐朝樂隊是中國搖滾樂「黃金時代」的代表,對中國古代輝煌歷史時期的追憶,加之重金屬音樂風格的衝擊力,使其再造了一個理想的中國陽剛之氣──「文武雙全」;創新性地將搖滾和東北二人轉風格元素相結合使二手玫瑰樂隊成為近期中國搖滾樂的一朵奇葩, 他們既娛樂又嚴肅的反諷風格豐富了中國搖滾樂的語匯。通過對這三例的並置對比,本文意在論證三十年間中國搖滾樂中的「中國性」在體現方式上的微妙變化以及其風格演變的過程。 ; Having a history of nearly thirty years, Chinese rock is not only a term that indicates a regional genre, but also a specific music style. Its originality lies in its intimate relation with the particular social and economic conditions of China. This thesis focuses on "Chineseness" in Chinese rock, which covers musical characteristics, political identity, traditional and ancient culture and regional performing arts. In order to demonstrate its historical development, I choose and discuss three musical acts from each decade in Chinese rock history. They are Cui Jian in the 1980s, Tang Dynasty in the 1990s and Second Hand Rose after 2000. ; Widely regarded as the forerunner of Chinese rock, Cui Jian's music has a "red" ideology; meanwhile, his brave expression of the inner youth voice of that generation also give Chinese rock a rebellious image from the very beginning. Tang Dynasty represents Chinese rock's "golden age". Through invoking a glorious period in China's ancient history, they build an ideal Chinese masculinity in their style of heavy metal. Second Hand Rose innovatively absorbs elements from secular performing art in their music, criticizing new societal conditions in an ironic way. This thesis concludes with the view that the expression of "Chineseness in Chinese rock has been continually transforming throughout the decades, and those Chinese rock musicians' attitudes toward an "ideal" conceptualization of China have likewise ...

"耽美"来源于日本,是以女性读者群为主要受众、描写男性与男性之间浪漫关系或性关系的文学或艺术作品,也被称为BL(Boy's Love)。喜爱耽美的女性爱好者被称为"腐女"。耽美文化自1990 年代后期随着日本流行文化进入中国,至今已在中国网络空间中逐渐发展成为一个主要由女性网民所组成的,包含文本创作、阅读与交流的文化圈。与此同时,耽美文化的流行亦引发了中国当下种种对性与性别问题的思考。 ; 本研究将耽美文化解译为"女性幻想男男之爱"的欲望结构,从精神分析幻想理论与酷儿理论的视角来考察中国网络中的耽美文化现象。论文所围绕的一个问题是,耽美文化与中国社会文化中的性/别话语产生了怎样的关系,以及如何从腐女的耽美幻想中搭建起与现实性/别政治的联系。研究首先分析了两类网络耽美小说文本,分别来看它们与1990年代以后的"男同性恋"身份话语,和2000年代以后对"中国古典文化"想象之间的吸收、挪用与再创造;其次以网络腐女圈的论坛讨论与配对狂欢为对象,研究网络耽美式恶搞对官方媒体、主流男性形象和异性恋规范的权威所潜在的颠覆性;最后以2011年一桩"腐女被抓案"新闻报道为契机,来观察耽美文化与网络淫秽色情审查的纠葛、冲突与可能的出路。 ; 欲望幻想的流动性决定着它边界的模糊与开放,以及它承载、影响乃至侵扰"现实"秩序的功能。因此,作为一种女性的男性同性情欲幻想,本研究视耽美文化最引人注目的地方不在于其本身的出现与流行程度,而在于它与各种性/别话语的相互建构与矛盾冲突。此外,在对幻想文本、网络话语以及腐女群体的调查中,本研究也期待探索某种"酷儿"政治在中国网络文化中生产的可能性。 ; Boy's love (BL in short; danmei in Chinese) is a Japanese term for female-oriented fictional media, which focuses on love, sex and romance between beautiful androgynous boys or young men. Apart from the gay self-representations, BL is a genre of male homoeroticism by and for mostly heterosexual women. In China, the BL fans call themselves "Fu Nu", which means "rotten girl", to describe their enthusiasm for fantasizing male homosexuality. BL originated from Japanese amine, comic and game youth culture, and has since become a transnational phenomenon all over the world with a global fan base. As such, the phenomenon of boy's love had already aroused a lot of discussions in relation to ideologies of gender and sexuality from different cultural and social perspectives. BL fandom in China's culture context with its "Chinese characteristics" also deserves particular attention, when it opens up a fantastic space for Chinese woman to practice their sexuality beyond non-heterosexual norms. ; However there is limited work that considers the queer sexuality of female BL fans in China, in relation to the queer texts and queer discourses they create. There is also little research that explores the capacity of boy's love netizens to resist the on-going internet surveillance by the Chinese government of information deemed 'sexually inappropriate' ...

中国的私营企业主支持民主吗?此研究发现整体上他们拥有民主价值观念,但是他们认为民主在中国不可行,所以他们选择维持现状。通过分析一份全国性问卷调查数据,本文指出中国的私营企业主比其他的中产阶级和劳动阶层更加可能支持民主价值观念,在控制了相关的政治性,区域性和基本的个人特征的影响之后,这样的差异依然存在。用结构化方程模型分析一份针对 2071 位私营企业主的问卷调查数据进一步表明私营企业主的民主价值观念并不受他们与政府的政治联系的影响。和政府有各种联系的私营企业主并没有比其他企业主更加保守。然而通过与他们的深度访谈,文章发现拥有民主价值观念的私营企业家同时也支持政府。他们认为民主在中国并不可行,至少在目前这个阶段。因此,他们倾向于选择维持现状。 ; Do private entrepreneurs in China support democracy? This study shows that in general, private entrepreneurs find democracy desirable, but their concern with the feasibility of democracy predisposes them toward maintaining the status quo. Drawing on a national survey, this research indicates that Chinese private entrepreneurs are more likely to have democratic values than the non-entrepreneurial middle class and working class, controlling the effects of relevant political, regional and demographic factors. An analysis of a survey data on 2071 private entrepreneurs further shows that politically embedded entrepreneurs are not significantly less likely to endorse democratic values than non-politically embedded entrepreneurs. In-depth interviews suggest that private entrepreneurs who have democratic values tend to argue that democracy is infeasible in China, at least in the near future. In real life, they adopt a pro-government stance in their economic, social and political activities. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Jin, Shuai. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-51). ; Abstracts also in Chinese.

背景: 公共健康護理在香港的演變可以追溯到二十世紀三十年代,但公共衛生護士的培訓卻自一九五四年才正式開始。由於在此領域工作的護士人數相對比醫院護士少,因而令公共衛生護士的貢獻較不明顯。本研究旨在揭示公共衛生護士於一九五四年至二零一零年期間經歷了文化,社會,經濟和政治的變化後在母嬰健康院的發展。研究目的: 檢視公共健康護理的特點,並對公共健康護理在母嬰健康院的工作和改變進行分析,以確定對公共健康護理在母嬰健康院的發展有重大影響的事件和原因。研究方法: 使用研究歷史的方法,重新審視公共衛生護士的經驗。主要研究數據來源是收集退休公共衛生護士和醫療及護理行政人員的口述歷史。輔助數據來源則包括政府文件,個人筆記,照片和剪報。共有37名受訪者同意接受訪問,其中包括六名行政人員和三十一名退休公共衛生護士,年齡由五十多歲到九十歲。研究員以面對面訪談方法收集口述歷史。並以內容分析法處理所得資料。研究結果: 研究結果描繪公共健康護理有六大特點,包括其分類,護理文化,服務重點,健康教育和健康促進的功能,以及展現出護理的藝術和科學。研究結果表明,文化,社會,經濟,政治因素和社會上的重大事件影響了公共健康護理。其中不明顯和被貶值的公共健康護理服務,醫療優勢和行政影響,公共衛生和公共健康護理的意識形態,作為政府人員和公共健康護士的培訓等專業問題影響了公共衛生護士在香港的地位和護理專業。在這項研究中收集的數據也揭露了香港公共健康護理的發展是密切跟隨公共健康的變化,其發展可分為三個階段:從一九五四年到一九七零年是公共健康護理的演化期一九七零年至一九八零年間是靜態期,而一九九零年至二零一零年則是變化期。研究結論和含義: 公共健康護士需要擴大知識和技能,促進專業自主,推行以實證為基礎的護理並記錄護理成果。歷史研究可以幫助解釋過去和加強理解現狀;而歷史對護理亦提供了重大貢獻。 ; Background: The evolution of public health nursing in Hong Kong can be traced back to the 1930s but formal training of public health nurses only commenced in 1954. However, as the number of nurses working in this field was small in comparison with hospital nurses, their practice and contribution is largely unknown. Aim: This study aims to reveal the developments in public health nursing practice in Maternal and Child Health Centres (MCHC) from 1954 to 2010. Objectives of this study include examining the characteristics of public health nursing practice and analysing the changes in public health nursing practice in MCHC, as well as identifying the significant events and factors that influenced its development. Methods: The historical research method was adopted to examine the public health nurses' experiences. The primary data source was derived from the collected oral histories of retired public health nurses and medical and nursing administrators. The secondary data source was obtained from a review of government documents, personal notes, photographs and newspaper cuttings. In total, thirty-seven informants, including six administrators and thirty-one retired public health nurses were interviewed, ranging in age from late 50s to early 90s. ...

Agriculture, Rural village and Peasants (ARP) represent the production structure, social structure and cultural structure (3S) of rural China for thousands of years in its trinity. To find the long roots of Chinese civilization and to feel the creativity, splendour, diversity and regionality of Chinese traditional culture, it must be in the countryside relating to the ARP. However, China's rural areas have been constantly challenged by political, economic, technological changes and other cultures interruption. Especially after decades of modernization and urbanization, the three structural relationships of rural traditional harmony are gradually being resolved. The originality of the rural tradition and the cultural accumulation it bears are facing extinction. For a nation whose culture has been passed down for thousands of years, this will be an irreparable and huge loss. Fortunately, in 2005 the central government put forward the slogan of "Beautiful Villages", emphasizing the need to build beautiful and livable villages for farmers. The government's authorities have issued a series of support policies for this purpose. The national standard for "Beautiful Villages" was introduced in 2015. It supports the village protection and development plans for the newly established list of traditional Chinese villages and supports the pilots of rescue protection in various places. It requires traditional villages to rely on historical and cultural resources reasonably to carry out various development models such as cultural creativity, popular science education and leisure tourism. From the macro-level of management, it is proposed that government-led, government-invested, unified planning, development, management, management and management rights should be unified. At the same time as the promotion of cultural relics protection and basic implementation, attention is paid to protecting the interests of the people and social benefits. Over the past years, all sectors of society, including some enterprises and institutions, have responded positively, forming various forms of practice in rural villages protection and development. For example "characteristic vernacular villages", "characteristic folk villages", "modern new villages", "historical ancient villages", etc. They mainly make some useful attempts to solve various problems faced by the countryside through the combination of rural tourism, leisure agriculture and ecological agriculture. However, most of these practices are based on direct input from external funds and management. Many of them fail to reach out to the current issues of the ARP, and unable to face the problems of a poor 3S relationship. Therefore, how to combine the protection of the "post-cultural heritage" of the countryside with the exploration of the new form of the ARP and reconstruction of the 3S relationship under the new historical conditions and opportunities has become the theoretical and practical issues of rural protection and development. To realize the goal of "Beautiful Villages", it is very necessary to take action at both levels of strategic thinking and practical approach. It is necessary to make forward-looking explorations and practices in accordance with the actual conditions of rural areas in different regions.

美国和加拿大都是传统移民国家,家庭团聚是美国、加拿大移民政 策法规的重要组成部分。而对这一问题的研究,中国学术界极为薄弱。加强对家庭团聚移民政策的研究,对于深入剖析美国、加拿大移民法体系,发展两国经济,维持社会稳定与发展,具有重要理论和现实意义。本文分析了美国、加拿大家庭团聚移民政策,认为美国和加拿大都是传统移民国家,家庭团聚是美国、加拿大移民政策法规的重要组成部分,或者说是移民法体系的核心。实施综合移民改革,使家人得以团聚,意义重大,它使国家获得安全,经济得以恢复,这个艰辛而智慧的立法过程,也在最佳程度上反映了美国人和加拿大人的价值观。目前要求放宽家庭团聚的民间呼声持续高涨,体现美国和加拿大人价值观的"家庭团聚"成为难以被忽视的移民改革核心话题。The United States and Canada are traditional nation of immigrants, the United States, Canada family reunion is an important part of the immigration policies and regulations. But the study on this problem, Chinese academia is very weak. To strengthen the family reunion immigration policy research, for in-depth analysis of American, Canadian immigration law system, development of bilateral economy, maintain social stability and development, has the important theory and the practical significance. This paper analyzes the United States, Canada family reunion immigration policy, thinks the United States and Canada are traditional nation of immigrants, the United States, Canada family reunion is an important part of the immigration policies and regulations, or is the immigration law system core. The implementation of comprehensive immigration reform, make family to reunite, the sense is great, it makes national security, economic recovery, the hardships and the wisdom of the legislative process, but also in the best reflect the values Americans and Canadians. At present the requirement relaxes family folk voice rising, the United States and Canadian values embodiment of" family reunion" to be neglected the core topic for immigration reform. ; Non UBC ; Unreviewed ; Other