Suchergebnisse

Consociational democracy and its main purpose to create a stable democracy in deeply divided societies is the talking point among political scientists and politicians who want to consolidate regimes in conflicted countries. Together with the growing interest for consociational democracy comes a problem, when theories which were created on the basis of some model societies are tried to apply to societies which are very different in nature to the first ones. Because of this situation, there is a need to revise the theory and the challenges of consociationalism. A comprehensive evaluation of the perspectives and favorable conditions of consociationalism demands further analysis in this field. Trying to point out this problem, there was made an analysis of the main elements of consociationalism as well as the impact of favorable conditions for implementation of consociationalism in deeply divided societies and the implementation of consociationalism in Switzerland. The main finding of this article is that favorable conditions have more importance than it was first assumed by A. Lijphart in late 1970s. As a result there is strong evidence that the combination of such favorable conditions as the traditions of elite accommodation and segmental isolation has a great importance on success of consociationalism. Moreover, it can be assumed that plenty of favorable conditions caused successful implementation of consociationalism in Switzerland.

The article deals with the political and spiritual characteristics of Kristijonas Donelaitis' epoch that affected the formation of the pioneer of the Lithuanian secular literature and made an impact on the content of his literary works. The significance of the political and spiritual reforms for the preservation of the language and culture of Prussian Lithuanians via the church and school is highlighted; attention is drawn to the fact the the modernization of the state had a positive effect on the linguistic and educational situation of ethnic minorities due to which the intellectuals of the Enlightenment epoch paid attention to the cultural and linguistic situation of the ethnic group of Lithuanians.

The article deals with the political and spiritual characteristics of Kristijonas Donelaitis' epoch that affected the formation of the pioneer of the Lithuanian secular literature and made an impact on the content of his literary works. The significance of the political and spiritual reforms for the preservation of the language and culture of Prussian Lithuanians via the church and school is highlighted; attention is drawn to the fact the the modernization of the state had a positive effect on the linguistic and educational situation of ethnic minorities due to which the intellectuals of the Enlightenment epoch paid attention to the cultural and linguistic situation of the ethnic group of Lithuanians.

The article deals with the regulation of maritime zones in the Baltic Sea States and in this context the regulation in lithuania is being assessed. Attention in being drawn to the commonness of the problems and challenges of the Baltic Sea States as bordering a semi-enclosed sea, as well as importance of their cooperation and possible similarities of the regula­tion in national levels. the legal analysis allows the author to identify twofold regulation: "zone-based", where each maritime zone is defined and its legal regime established in separate specific laws, and "field-based" ("topic-based"), where the provisions on the different aspects of the legal regime of maritime zones are incorporated in the laws of others fields. Notice is taken to the fact that nearly all Baltic Sea States, except Lithuania, have chosen zone-based regulation of maritime zones, although in some of them there are also marks of field-based regulation. Zone-based regulation provides for a greater oppor­tunity to ensure a systematic, integrated, exhaustive and detail regulation of the legal regime of maritime zones. As in Lithuania there are no special laws designated for different maritime zones, separate provisions on the legal regime of maritime zones are incorporated in the legal acts of other fields. Such regulation is considered by the author as not exhaustive and therefore she expresses opinion suggesting considering a need of enacting a separate underlying law that would concretize the legal regime of the Lithuanian maritime zones and fill in gaps or a possibility of otherwise improving current regulation by supplementing or revising existing legislation.

The article deals with the regulation of maritime zones in the Baltic Sea States and in this context the regulation in lithuania is being assessed. Attention in being drawn to the commonness of the problems and challenges of the Baltic Sea States as bordering a semi-enclosed sea, as well as importance of their cooperation and possible similarities of the regula­tion in national levels. the legal analysis allows the author to identify twofold regulation: "zone-based", where each maritime zone is defined and its legal regime established in separate specific laws, and "field-based" ("topic-based"), where the provisions on the different aspects of the legal regime of maritime zones are incorporated in the laws of others fields. Notice is taken to the fact that nearly all Baltic Sea States, except Lithuania, have chosen zone-based regulation of maritime zones, although in some of them there are also marks of field-based regulation. Zone-based regulation provides for a greater oppor­tunity to ensure a systematic, integrated, exhaustive and detail regulation of the legal regime of maritime zones. As in Lithuania there are no special laws designated for different maritime zones, separate provisions on the legal regime of maritime zones are incorporated in the legal acts of other fields. Such regulation is considered by the author as not exhaustive and therefore she expresses opinion suggesting considering a need of enacting a separate underlying law that would concretize the legal regime of the Lithuanian maritime zones and fill in gaps or a possibility of otherwise improving current regulation by supplementing or revising existing legislation.

The article deals with the regulation of maritime zones in the Baltic Sea States and in this context the regulation in lithuania is being assessed. Attention in being drawn to the commonness of the problems and challenges of the Baltic Sea States as bordering a semi-enclosed sea, as well as importance of their cooperation and possible similarities of the regula­tion in national levels. the legal analysis allows the author to identify twofold regulation: "zone-based", where each maritime zone is defined and its legal regime established in separate specific laws, and "field-based" ("topic-based"), where the provisions on the different aspects of the legal regime of maritime zones are incorporated in the laws of others fields. Notice is taken to the fact that nearly all Baltic Sea States, except Lithuania, have chosen zone-based regulation of maritime zones, although in some of them there are also marks of field-based regulation. Zone-based regulation provides for a greater oppor­tunity to ensure a systematic, integrated, exhaustive and detail regulation of the legal regime of maritime zones. As in Lithuania there are no special laws designated for different maritime zones, separate provisions on the legal regime of maritime zones are incorporated in the legal acts of other fields. Such regulation is considered by the author as not exhaustive and therefore she expresses opinion suggesting considering a need of enacting a separate underlying law that would concretize the legal regime of the Lithuanian maritime zones and fill in gaps or a possibility of otherwise improving current regulation by supplementing or revising existing legislation.

The article deals with the regulation of maritime zones in the Baltic Sea States and in this context the regulation in lithuania is being assessed. Attention in being drawn to the commonness of the problems and challenges of the Baltic Sea States as bordering a semi-enclosed sea, as well as importance of their cooperation and possible similarities of the regula­tion in national levels. the legal analysis allows the author to identify twofold regulation: "zone-based", where each maritime zone is defined and its legal regime established in separate specific laws, and "field-based" ("topic-based"), where the provisions on the different aspects of the legal regime of maritime zones are incorporated in the laws of others fields. Notice is taken to the fact that nearly all Baltic Sea States, except Lithuania, have chosen zone-based regulation of maritime zones, although in some of them there are also marks of field-based regulation. Zone-based regulation provides for a greater oppor­tunity to ensure a systematic, integrated, exhaustive and detail regulation of the legal regime of maritime zones. As in Lithuania there are no special laws designated for different maritime zones, separate provisions on the legal regime of maritime zones are incorporated in the legal acts of other fields. Such regulation is considered by the author as not exhaustive and therefore she expresses opinion suggesting considering a need of enacting a separate underlying law that would concretize the legal regime of the Lithuanian maritime zones and fill in gaps or a possibility of otherwise improving current regulation by supplementing or revising existing legislation.

People with higher political homogeneity of their social network are more likely to be loyal voters of the same party than people, who are isolated from social and political communication, or people with politically heterogeneous networks.

People with higher political homogeneity of their social network are more likely to be loyal voters of the same party than people, who are isolated from social and political communication, or people with politically heterogeneous networks.

People with higher political homogeneity of their social network are more likely to be loyal voters of the same party than people, who are isolated from social and political communication, or people with politically heterogeneous networks.

People with higher political homogeneity of their social network are more likely to be loyal voters of the same party than people, who are isolated from social and political communication, or people with politically heterogeneous networks.

It is suggested that the reader consider an earlier publication by the same authors with a similar theme: "Perceptions of criminal justice in society" (Dobryninas, A., Dobrynina, M., Česnienė, I., Giedraitis, V., Merkevičius, R. "On Perceptions of Criminal Justice in Society." Sociologija: Mintis ir veiksmas. 2012. Issue 2. pg. 222–238). This article empirically illustrates how criminal justice principles are used to understand different social groups' perspectives, what are the similarities and differences between these groups, how the intergroup communications about criminal justice issues form, and so on. The authors analyzed and summarized qualitative data (focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews with Lithuanian criminal justice experts, politicians, journalists, community leaders) and quantitative data (using a Lithuanian representative survey of the population and Lithuanian mass media content analysis), which was collected during 2012–2014. The first chapter is devoted to the social normative perceptions of criminal justice, the second – the economic and political aspects which influenced the understanding of criminal justice in society, and the third chapter – examines the influence of mass media on the Lithuanian Criminal Justice system's public image. It is concluded that a consensus on the implementation of the principles of criminal justice among different groups is possible only in part. While the needs are the same as the criminal justice system, decisions must be impartial, objective, humane, equal for all, but how to achieve such a consensus of opinions is very divided. The study participants indicated a variety of reasons that impede the achievement of a mutual understanding: financial constraints, lack of inter-institutional cooperation, party or individual interests take precedence over the interests of society, the role of the media and so on. It is also proposed to improve the current situation in the organization and promotion of communication and alignment of interest between different social groups that have to be done in cooperation with the mass media and other governmental and nongovernmental institutions.

It is suggested that the reader consider an earlier publication by the same authors with a similar theme: "Perceptions of criminal justice in society" (Dobryninas, A., Dobrynina, M., Česnienė, I., Giedraitis, V., Merkevičius, R. "On Perceptions of Criminal Justice in Society." Sociologija: Mintis ir veiksmas. 2012. Issue 2. pg. 222–238). This article empirically illustrates how criminal justice principles are used to understand different social groups' perspectives, what are the similarities and differences between these groups, how the intergroup communications about criminal justice issues form, and so on. The authors analyzed and summarized qualitative data (focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews with Lithuanian criminal justice experts, politicians, journalists, community leaders) and quantitative data (using a Lithuanian representative survey of the population and Lithuanian mass media content analysis), which was collected during 2012–2014. The first chapter is devoted to the social normative perceptions of criminal justice, the second – the economic and political aspects which influenced the understanding of criminal justice in society, and the third chapter – examines the influence of mass media on the Lithuanian Criminal Justice system's public image. It is concluded that a consensus on the implementation of the principles of criminal justice among different groups is possible only in part. While the needs are the same as the criminal justice system, decisions must be impartial, objective, humane, equal for all, but how to achieve such a consensus of opinions is very divided. The study participants indicated a variety of reasons that impede the achievement of a mutual understanding: financial constraints, lack of inter-institutional cooperation, party or individual interests take precedence over the interests of society, the role of the media and so on. It is also proposed to improve the current situation in the organization and promotion of communication and alignment of interest between different social groups that have to be done in cooperation with the mass media and other governmental and nongovernmental institutions.

It is suggested that the reader consider an earlier publication by the same authors with a similar theme: "Perceptions of criminal justice in society" (Dobryninas, A., Dobrynina, M., Česnienė, I., Giedraitis, V., Merkevičius, R. "On Perceptions of Criminal Justice in Society." Sociologija: Mintis ir veiksmas. 2012. Issue 2. pg. 222–238). This article empirically illustrates how criminal justice principles are used to understand different social groups' perspectives, what are the similarities and differences between these groups, how the intergroup communications about criminal justice issues form, and so on. The authors analyzed and summarized qualitative data (focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews with Lithuanian criminal justice experts, politicians, journalists, community leaders) and quantitative data (using a Lithuanian representative survey of the population and Lithuanian mass media content analysis), which was collected during 2012–2014. The first chapter is devoted to the social normative perceptions of criminal justice, the second – the economic and political aspects which influenced the understanding of criminal justice in society, and the third chapter – examines the influence of mass media on the Lithuanian Criminal Justice system's public image. It is concluded that a consensus on the implementation of the principles of criminal justice among different groups is possible only in part. While the needs are the same as the criminal justice system, decisions must be impartial, objective, humane, equal for all, but how to achieve such a consensus of opinions is very divided. The study participants indicated a variety of reasons that impede the achievement of a mutual understanding: financial constraints, lack of inter-institutional cooperation, party or individual interests take precedence over the interests of society, the role of the media and so on. It is also proposed to improve the current situation in the organization and promotion of communication and alignment of interest between different social groups that have to be done in cooperation with the mass media and other governmental and nongovernmental institutions.

It is suggested that the reader consider an earlier publication by the same authors with a similar theme: "Perceptions of criminal justice in society" (Dobryninas, A., Dobrynina, M., Česnienė, I., Giedraitis, V., Merkevičius, R. "On Perceptions of Criminal Justice in Society." Sociologija: Mintis ir veiksmas. 2012. Issue 2. pg. 222–238). This article empirically illustrates how criminal justice principles are used to understand different social groups' perspectives, what are the similarities and differences between these groups, how the intergroup communications about criminal justice issues form, and so on. The authors analyzed and summarized qualitative data (focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews with Lithuanian criminal justice experts, politicians, journalists, community leaders) and quantitative data (using a Lithuanian representative survey of the population and Lithuanian mass media content analysis), which was collected during 2012–2014. The first chapter is devoted to the social normative perceptions of criminal justice, the second – the economic and political aspects which influenced the understanding of criminal justice in society, and the third chapter – examines the influence of mass media on the Lithuanian Criminal Justice system's public image. It is concluded that a consensus on the implementation of the principles of criminal justice among different groups is possible only in part. While the needs are the same as the criminal justice system, decisions must be impartial, objective, humane, equal for all, but how to achieve such a consensus of opinions is very divided. The study participants indicated a variety of reasons that impede the achievement of a mutual understanding: financial constraints, lack of inter-institutional cooperation, party or individual interests take precedence over the interests of society, the role of the media and so on. It is also proposed to improve the current situation in the organization and promotion of communication and alignment of interest between different social groups that have to be done in cooperation with the mass media and other governmental and nongovernmental institutions.