Suchergebnisse

Russian culture has both Eastern and Western cultural characteristics, and the internal structure of culture has distinct polarities. The main factors in the formation of Russian authoritarian culture are mainly the Russian economic system and ideological concepts. It is impossible to understand Russia with reason, cannot be measured by general standards, and there is something special there. During the Putin periods, the president's power was further strengthened and "Sovereign Democracy "was implemented. The choice of Russia's national governance model is followed by historical and realistic Russian cultural factors.

This book presents estimates of the growth of the tsarist economy during the 'industrialization era', 1885–1913. The performance of the tsarist economy is compared with that of Soviet Russia during the plan era and of other industrialized countries during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Its main importance is to provide a frame of reference against which to contrast the Soviet performance. The author finds a stronger performance from the tsarist economy than the literature had led us to suspect, and he disputes several of the established views of economic historians concerning Russian agriculture and the Russian nineteenth-century business cycle

The Russian nation emerged as a distinct S-cul system with the establishment of the Kievan or Varangian state in the middle of the 9th cent. This nation from that time to the present has remained the main group whose activities have largely determined the nature of the subsequent character of the Russian state, culture, & historical destiny. Among the essential characteristics of the Russian nation are: its comparatively long life, enormous vitality, remarkable pertinacity, outstanding willingness to sacrifice for its survival on the part of its members, & extra-ordinary territorial, pop'al, pol'al, soc, & cultural growth. To these essential features, a number of additional peculiarities may be noted: racial & ethnic diversity, unity in diversity, placement of non-Russian persons at highest pol'al & soc positions, comparative peaceful expansion & growth, the fighting of primarily defensive wars, comparative orderliness, & high dedication of members. Like other Western nations, Russia has experienced the rise & decline of Christian philosophy & its replacement by agnostic, materialistic, & atheistic philosophy. Since the end of the 1920's, Russia has begun to display other traits: the supplanting of rude force by the rule of law, the modification of totalitarianism in favor of econ & soc democracy, the establishment of non-Russian nat'lities as autonomous groups, the restoration of the monogamic fam, gains in material well-being, cultural growth, & the moral renaissance of the Soviet people. HA.