Suchergebnisse

The lecture is devoted to the national characteristics of Russian philosophy, as they are the historians of the 19th and 20th centuries.Key words: Russian philosophy, philosophy in Russia, national identity, political fortunes. ; Лекция посвящена национальным особенностям русской философии, как их представляли ее историки XIX–ХХ вв.

Acta Slavica Estonica is an international series of publications on current issues of Russian and other Slavic languages, literatures and cultures. This volume is part of the subseries Studia Russica Helsingiensia et Tartuensia, XIV, and unites scholars from Estonia, Finland, Russia, Ukraine, Germany, and Canada who belong to the tradition of the Tartu Lotman school. This collective monograph explores the development of national myth on the basis of a variety of materials from Russian culture, beginning from the Late Middle Ages and finishing with the Soviet epoch. The main part of the study is devoted to the Imperial period — the epoch during which the notion of nation arises. Analyzing the mechanisms used to construct national ideology, the authors especially stress the participation of literature and art in nation building: the role of the press, theatre, writers and their works in their dependence upon historical matters and political conjuncture.

The article examines national models of higher education organization. The analysis is based on the higher education systems of the USA, Germany, the Netherlands, China and Russia. The authors proposed a number of criteria for differentiating the principles of organizing the higher education system in different countries: classifying higher education as private (satisfied on the basis of private effective consumer demand) or collective (patronized) benefits, organizing financing of the higher education system, barriers (filters) for students «at the entrance» and «at the exit», the degree of commercialization of the activities of universities, the role of the academic community.
On the basis of the conducted research, ideal-typical models of the organization of higher education that exist in developed and rapidly developing countries are distinguished: the market for private services, state paternalism, the market for merit goods, the quasi-market and the hybrid model.
It is concluded that the low level of funding and the total commercialization of the activities of state universities give rise to many problems of Russian higher education, first of all, such as the decline in the quality of educational services and the prestige of this education itself.

The article presents the results of study of the positions of university graduates in the Russian labor market. The relevance of the subject is due to the fact that getting higher education instead of starting to work directly after school is now considered a social norm, and the fact that the structure of training in specialties and its quality, as stated by the top officials, does not meet the needs of the economy. The research is based on data of the first selective observation of employment of graduates of Rosstat, obtained in 2016, and the Ministry of Education and Science monitoring of graduates employment of 2015-2017. In the paper we assess the employment rate of young people with higher education by age groups; highlight regional features of university graduates employment; evaluate employment characteristics by groups of specialties; we study the distribution of employed university graduates by types of economic activity in comparison with the all-Russian structure of employment. It is concluded, that with an increase in the level of education the probability of success employment, including finding a job in the specialty, increases; and that job satisfaction is higher for those who work in their professional field. For NEET youth with higher education, recommendations on how to integrate into the labor market relations have been suggested.

The crisis of modern competitiveness model of Russian economy, particularly acute after the introduction of financial and technological sanctions, requires the search for new concepts of long-term development. In accordance with the basic laws of dialectics, this task can be solved only on the basis of historical experience. The article provides a retrospective analysis of Russian models of national development, the features of which must be critically interpreted. To achieve this goal, the work identifies positive and negative characteristics of the Russian experience in improving the competitiveness of the economy in the years 1820–1991. The author offers recommendations concerning the formation of a new model of the Russian economy's development on the basis of ensuring national self-sufficiency. The results of the work can be used in elaborating national programs for long-term development of the economy. Among the basic elements it is necessary to highlight the priority development of industry based on cluster approach, ensuring the import independence of the economy and ample beneficial use of national resources.

The preprint systematizes information on measures to support the birth rate in the Russian Federation, acting at the regional level. The main attention is paid to measures provided at the birth of a third child, which include regional maternity capital, monthly allowances for families with three or more children, and the provision of land plots to large families. Changes in the regional system of measures to support families with three or more children from 2011 to 2019 are considered.

"Successful Families, a full-fledged Mother Earth, prudent government" - the
proposed formula of the national idea. Applicable to complex partial ideas - social,
environmental, economic, education, science and others, as well as the national ideology, policies, programs and projects. author applies the method of DNIFmeasuring human.

This preprint examines the migration of the population of the regions of the South of Russia in the second half of the 20th - early 21st centuries. Migration processes are considered in two "dimensions". On the one hand, their development is investigated in a historical perspective, in connection with which migration in the Soviet and post-Soviet times is considered separately. On the other hand, migration flows are opposed to each other in terms of "distance", for which intraregional and interregional migrations are separately characterized.

Since the beginning of the 2000s, subjective well-being of the Russians was growing due to growing incomes and strengthening optimism about the future. However, the worsening economic situation following the crisis in 2008 did not cause the expected fall in subjective well-being rates. One plausible explanation is the growth of national pride. In this paper, it is tested whether or not national pride positively and causally affect happiness and life satisfaction of Russians. Possible compensatory properties of national pride - its hypothetical stronger effect for individuals with low incomes and poor health - are also being investigated. Data: integrated database of the World Values Survey and the European Values Study containing survey data for Russia from 1990 to 2017. Methods: linear regression with instrumental variables. Results: the effect of national pride on subjective well-being is positive and statistically significant (β = 0.26, p-value <0.001), the effect persists while using instrumental variables (β = 0.92, p-value <0.001); the effect is stronger in the period after 2008, as well as for people with low incomes.

The article is devoted to the problems of defining and implementing national development goals in the system of strategic planning being formed in Russia. The subject of the research is the relevant problems in relation to the period up to 2030 and beyond. In this regard, first, the possibility of expanding the planning horizon in conditions of high uncertainty is considered. Secondly, it is shown that increasing the effectiveness of plans in relation to achieving national goals should be carried out using modern forecasting methods and on the basis of ensuring the realistic planning, continuity of goal setting and structural and logical harmonization of the planning system. Thirdly, using the methods of factor analysis and ranking, an assessment was made of the degree of influence of specific problems on the effectiveness of plans to achieve national goals. Fourthly, directions for solving the most significant problems are outlined.

The process of natural monopoly Russian structure reforming and situation connected with modification the conditions of natural monopoly state regulation, list of activities and price techniques in the sphere are analyzed. There are represented the guidelines on diagnostics of infrastructure technology using natural monopoly activity indicators and taking into account network specific of transport, communications, energy and so on. Some features of realization the approaches on diagnostics and modeling natural monopoly infrastructure technologies are considered.